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Set of problem-solving methods
Statistical thinking is a tool for process analysis of phenomena in relatively simple terms, while also providing a level of uncertainty surrounding it
Statistical_thinking
Study of collection and analysis of data
or social problem, it is conventional to begin with a statistical population or a statistical model to be studied. Populations can be diverse groups
Statistics
American historian of science (born 1953)
University of California, Los Angeles. He is known for his histories of statistical thinking and quantification, particularly the sociology of quantification
Theodore_Porter
Product design framework
Data Thinking is a framework that integrates data science with the design process. It combines computational thinking, statistical thinking, and domain-specific
Data_thinking
Belief in the connection of unrelated events
causation, magical thinking can occur even when there is no statistical connection between two events. The precise definition of magical thinking may vary subtly
Magical_thinking
Theory and technique of psychological measurement
impact of statistical thinking on psychology during the previous few decades: "in the last decades, the specifically psychological thinking has been almost
Psychometrics
2011 book by Daniel Kahneman
Thinking, Fast and Slow is a 2011 popular science book by the Israeli-American psychologist Daniel Kahneman. Its main thesis is a differentiation between
Thinking,_Fast_and_Slow
Dichotomous thinking is very often associated with p-value reading but it can also happen with other statistical tools such as interval estimates. Statistical hypothesis
Dichotomous_thinking
One of the Seven Management and Planning Tools
beyond the tangible deliverables. Improving Performance Through Statistical Thinking By Galen C. Britz Affinity Diagram - Kawakita Jiro or KJ Method,
Affinity_diagram
Practice of teaching statistics
statistical measures of center and variability. Statistical thinking is the type of thinking used by statisticians when they encounter a statistical problem
Statistics_education
Statistics concept
two distinct origins of variation in a process, as defined in the statistical thinking and methods of Walter A. Shewhart and W. Edwards Deming. Briefly
Common cause and special cause (statistics)
Common_cause_and_special_cause_(statistics)
Crucial skill in all different fields of work and life
skill consists of categories that include logical reasoning, critical thinking, communication, research, data analysis and creativity. Analytical skill
Analytical_skill
Ability to understand and reason with statistics and data
July 30, 2026. "Statistical Reasoning for Everyday Life". Amazon.com. Retrieved July 30, 2026. "Statistical Literacy 2023: Critical Thinking about Everyday
Statistical_literacy
Creativity test
The Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking, formerly the Minnesota Tests of Creative Thinking, is a test of creativity built on J. P. Guilford's work and
Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking
Torrance_Tests_of_Creative_Thinking
Approach of analyzing data sets in statistics
their main characteristics, often using statistical graphics and other data visualization methods. A statistical model can be used or not, but primarily
Exploratory_data_analysis
Process of generating creative ideas
Divergent thinking is a thought process used to generate creative ideas by exploring many possible solutions. It typically occurs in a spontaneous, free-flowing
Divergent_thinking
Book by Jordan Ellenberg
basic mathematics and statistical principles. How Not to Be Wrong explains the mathematics behind some of simplest day-to-day thinking. It then goes into
How_Not_to_Be_Wrong
abbreviated to PSI[1], is an organisation for the promotion of statistical thinking in order to improve the quality of research and development in the
Statisticians in the Pharmaceutical Industry
Statisticians_in_the_Pharmaceutical_Industry
New Zealand statistics educator
of Chris J Wild. Her Ph.D. thesis was titled Characteristics of statistical thinking in empirical enquiry. She became editor-in-chief of the Statistics
Maxine_Pfannkuch
Disorder of thought form, content or stream
disorder (TD) is a multifaceted construct that reflects abnormalities in thinking, language, and communication. Thought disorders encompass a range of thought
Thought_disorder
Species of bacterium
(2014). Medical Illuminations: Using Evidence, Visualization and Statistical Thinking to Improve Healthcare. Oxford University Press. p. 53. ISBN 978-0-19-966879-3
Streptococcus_pneumoniae
New Zealand statistician (born 1979)
"influential work in statistical computing, visualisation, graphics, and data analysis" including "making statistical thinking and computing accessible
Hadley_Wickham
Measure of association used in epidemiology
Harvey (2018). Intuitive biostatistics : a nonmathematical guide to statistical thinking (Fourth ed.). New York. p. 266. ISBN 978-0-19-064356-0. OCLC 1006531983
Relative_risk
"There may not be anyone who blends cutting-edge statistical analysis with NBA history better than Thinking Basketball's Ben Taylor". Larsen, Andy (December
Thinking_Basketball
Pseudoscientific system of alternative medicine
ISBN 978-0-443-10160-1. Cassedy JH (1999). American Medicine and Statistical Thinking, 1800–1860. iUniverse. ISBN 978-1-58348-428-9.[page needed] Fye WB
Homeopathy
Method of statistical inference
A statistical hypothesis test is a method of statistical inference used to decide whether the data provide sufficient evidence to reject a particular hypothesis
Statistical_hypothesis_test
Medical ratio
Harvey (2010). Intuitive Biostatistics: A Nonmathematical Guide to Statistical Thinking. Oxford University Press. pp. 210–218. ISBN 978-0-19-973006-3. Geoffrey
Hazard_ratio
Conceptual framework in evolutionary biology
Population thinking is a concept in evolutionary biology coined by Ernst Mayr as part of his contributions to the modern evolutionary synthesis. It represents
Population_thinking
Futures studies lessons learned methods
include a diverse range of forecasting methods, including anticipatory thinking, backcasting, simulation, and visioning. Some of the anticipatory methods
Futures_techniques
2021 book by Daniel Kahneman, Olivier Sibony, and Cass Sunstein
While contrasting statistical bias to noise, they describe cognitive bias as a significant factor giving rise to both statistical bias and noise. The
Noise: A Flaw in Human Judgment
Noise:_A_Flaw_in_Human_Judgment
Overview of and topical guide to thought
overview of and topical guide to thought (thinking): Thought is the object of a mental process called thinking, in which beings form psychological associations
Outline_of_thought
1998 book by Alain Desrosières (English translation of 1993 original)
Probability, Induction and Statistical Inference. Cambridge University Press. Theodore M. Porter, 1988. The Rise of Statistical Thinking, 1820–1900. Reprint
The_Politics_of_Large_Numbers
2007 video game similar to the game Twenty Questions
what fictional or real-life character, object, or animal the player is thinking of by asking a series of questions (similar to the game Twenty Questions)
Akinator
Private members' club in Wimbledon, England
2008, accessed 8 July 2009 Albert, Jim; Ruud, H. Koning (2007), Statistical Thinking in Sports, CRC Press, p. 217, ISBN 978-1-58488-868-0, archived from
All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club
All_England_Lawn_Tennis_and_Croquet_Club
French polymath (1749–1827)
while the second paper, published in 1776, further elaborated his statistical thinking and also began his systematic work on celestial mechanics and the
Pierre-Simon_Laplace
Use of statistical arguments to assert falsehoods
gain of the perpetrator. When the statistical reason involved is false or misapplied, this constitutes a statistical fallacy. The consequences of such
Misuse_of_statistics
American mathematician, statistician, and lawyer
Peace award for Outstanding Statistical Contributions for the Betterment of Society reflect ways that statistical thinking in action can make important
Mary_W._Gray
Exaggerated or irrational thought pattern
emotional dysfunction and poorer subjective well-being. Specifically, negative thinking patterns reinforce negative emotions and thoughts. During difficult circumstances
Cognitive_distortion
Annual award by the American Association for the History of Medicine (AAHM)
1987) 1987 — James H. Cassedy (1919–2007), American Medicine and Statistical Thinking, 1800–1860 (Harvard University Press, 1984) ISBN 0674732200; and
William_H._Welch_Medal
Adage about statistical measures
1975 article on monetary policy in the United Kingdom: Any observed statistical regularity will tend to collapse once pressure is placed upon it for
Goodhart's_law
English mathematician (1851–1893)
Retrieved 1 April 2013. Theodore M. Poeter (1986). The Rise of Statistical Thinking: 1820-1900. Princeton University Press. pp. 299–300. ISBN 978-0-691-02409-7
Arthur_Black_(mathematician)
Statistical method for molecular phylogenetics
inference or the inverse probability method was the standard approach in statistical thinking until the early 1900s before RA Fisher developed what's now known
Bayesian inference in phylogeny
Bayesian_inference_in_phylogeny
Italian statistician
popularization of statistical thinking, directed a Swiss exhibit Number by numbers! in Bellinzona, and has been interviewed on Swiss media for her statistical expertise
Antonietta_Mira
Superstitious belief
Harvey (2014). Intuitive Biostatistics: A Nonmathematical Guide to Statistical Thinking. Oxford University Press. p. 497. ISBN 978-0-19-994664-8. Malone
Oscar_love_curse
Fallacy in reasoning
counting two weekends. Stephen Campbell, Flaws and Fallacies in Statistical Thinking (2012), in series Dover Books on Mathematics, Courier Corporation
Double_counting_(fallacy)
1943 experiment into rate of mutations
PMID 10616278. Zheng, Q. (2010). "The Luria-Delbrück distribution: early statistical thinking about evolution". Chance. 23: 15–18. doi:10.1007/s00144-010-0017-y
Luria–Delbrück_experiment
American psychologist (1936–2010)
cognitive psychology to survey research, and promotion of careful statistical thinking in psychology and behavioral research."[citation needed] He was a
Robyn_Dawes
Type of observational study in epidemiology
Harvey (2018). Intuitive biostatistics : a nonmathematical guide to statistical thinking (Fourth ed.). New York. p. 477. ISBN 978-0-19-064356-0. OCLC 1006531983
Ecological_study
Education framework
students based on statistical literacy. Six recommendations for introductory statistics courses are given, namely: Emphasize statistical thinking and literacy
Guidelines for Assessment and Instruction in Statistics Education
Guidelines_for_Assessment_and_Instruction_in_Statistics_Education
American author and management consultant
role was to provide instruction on statistical process control (SPC) tools and techniques and “statistical thinking”, while Dr. Deming taught management
Thomas_Pyzdek
American statistician
of the American Society for Quality, recognizing her promotion of statistical thinking both in her work at the Los Alamos National Laboratory and in local
Joanne_Wendelberger
Canadian statistician (born 1966)
through statistical thinking and statistical engineering" in 2018. She won the Don Owen Award of the San Antonio Chapter of the American Statistical Association
Christine_Anderson-Cook
Subset of artificial intelligence
artificial intelligence concerned with the development and study of statistical algorithms that can learn from data and generalize to unseen data, and
Machine_learning
For Thinking". toolkitforthinking.com. Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2016-02-24. "Argument from silence – Toolkit For Thinking". toolkitforthinking
List_of_fallacies
Counterintuitive observation
paper is important because it is a "turning point" in Mandelbrot's early thinking on fractals. It is an example of the linking of mathematical objects with
Coastline_paradox
Property of a thermodynamic system
introduced the concept of statistical disorder and probability distributions into a new field of thermodynamics, called statistical mechanics, and found the
Entropy
French physician
vivants, (1855) Les phénomènes physiques de la vie, (1869). History of Statistical Thinking in Medicine Huth, E (2008). "Jules Gavarret's Principes Generaux
Louis_Denis_Jules_Gavarret
Pseudoscientific personality questionnaire
dichotomous categories: introversion or extraversion, sensing or intuition, thinking or feeling, and judging or perceiving. This produces a four-letter test
Myers–Briggs_Type_Indicator
lectureship grants were established. Theodore Porter argued in The Rise of Statistical Thinking that the effort to provide a synthetic social science is a matter
History of the social sciences
History_of_the_social_sciences
Intelligence of machines
assertion that machines that do so are actually consciously thinking (as opposed to simulating thinking)." Russell & Norvig (2021), pp. 1–4. Russell & Norvig
Artificial_intelligence
Methodology used to improve production
formally defined Lean in Lean Thinking, as detailed further in the books The Machine that Changed the World (1990) and Lean Thinking (1996). The term steadily
Lean_manufacturing
French clinician, pathologist and physician
pp. 102. ISBN 978-1-4020-8620-5. Porter TM (1988). The Rise of Statistical Thinking, 1820–1900. Princeton University Press. pp. 157–8. ISBN 978-0-691-02409-7
Pierre Charles Alexandre Louis
Pierre_Charles_Alexandre_Louis
American scholar activist
Isis, Vol. 88, No. 2 (Jun 1997), p. 369 Mehler, Barry. "The Rise of Statistical Thinking, 1820-1900", Journal of Interdisciplinary History, Vol. 19, No. 2
Barry_Mehler
Most populous city in the United States
live in New York City's metropolitan statistical area, and over 23.5 million people live in its combined statistical area as of 2020, both the largest of
New_York_City
Personality disorder
This disorder was included in previous editions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, but it has been absent since the introduction
Passive–aggressive personality disorder
Passive–aggressive_personality_disorder
Espargaró missed out on a podium finish at the Catalonia Grand Prix after thinking the race was over a lap before it ended, and Espargaró was in second place
List of The Weekly with Charlie Pickering episodes
List_of_The_Weekly_with_Charlie_Pickering_episodes
American mathematician
community, particularly in support of promoting mathematical and statistical thinking to a wide audience". GMU Math Faculty, retrieved 2016-06-30. about
Rebecca_Goldin
Ability to look at information and discern patterns
Analytical reasoning, also known as analytical thinking, refers to the ability to look at information, be it qualitative or quantitative in nature, and
Analytic_reasoning
Australian statistician
accredited by the Statistical Society of Australia and by the American Statistical Association. Fisher became a Fellow of the American Statistical Association
Nicholas Fisher (statistician)
Nicholas_Fisher_(statistician)
American statistician
statistical and psychometric journals. He is currently on the Board of Editors of Significance, the new joint publication of the American Statistical
Howard_Wainer
Computer-based technologies
processing, the application of statistical and mathematical methods to decision-making, and the simulation of higher-order thinking through computer programs
Information_technology
Umbrella term covering two types of dementia
Parkinson's disease dementia (PDD). Both are characterized by changes in thinking, movement, behavior, and mood. The two conditions have similar features
Lewy_body_dementia
an increase in expressions of all-or-nothing thinking by Trump; a sharp rise in all-or-nothing thinking is also linked to cognitive decline. The New York
2024 United States presidential election
2024_United_States_presidential_election
Country in Eurasia from 1922 to 1991
faithfully recounted in Western textbooks has no basis in fact. It is the statistical artefact not of index number relativity (the Gerschenkron effect) but
Soviet_Union
American political activist (1993–2025)
scholars, embodies and reinforces a growing embrace of Christian nationalist thinking within the Republican Party in the era of Donald Trump. 'There is no separation
Charlie_Kirk
Theoretical framework
For example, a statistical model of customer behavior is a model that is conceptual (because behavior is physical), but a statistical model of customer
Conceptual_model
Type of website edited collaboratively
latter definition is still occasionally in use. By 2014, Ward Cunningham's thinking on the nature of wikis had evolved, leading him to write that the word
Wiki
U.S. state
constitution is an important historical document that shows the political thinking of the time; it was used extensively during the drafting of Washington
Washington_(state)
State of being bewildered or unclear in one's mind about something
sometimes accompanied by disordered consciousness (the loss of linear thinking) and memory loss (the inability to correctly recall previous events or
Confusion
Cognitive bias about one's own skill
performances of others. The statistical explanation holds that the empirical effect may largely be the result of a mere statistical effect and the fact that
Dunning–Kruger_effect
Type of machine learning model
The authors considered a toy statistical model of an LLM solving multiple-choice questions, and showed that this statistical model, modified to account
Large_language_model
External territory of Australia
Archived from the original on 16 February 2015. Retrieved 17 February 2015. "Thinking of Moving to Norfolk Island?". channersonnorfolk.com. Archived from the
Norfolk_Island
Season of television series
horseback and the Pirate hears the hoofbeats as he counts gold doubloons. Thinking the Knight intends to steal his treasure, the Pirate pulls out a flintlock
Deadliest_Warrior_season_1
Statistical method that summarizes and/or integrates data from multiple sources
this statistical approach involves extracting effect sizes and variance measures from various studies. By combining these effect sizes the statistical power
Meta-analysis
Process of drawing correct inferences
Logical reasoning is a form of thinking or information processing that aims to arrive at a conclusion in a rigorous way. It happens in the form of inferences
Logical_reasoning
Northwest Semitic language
20th century, most scholars followed Abraham Geiger and Gustaf Dalman in thinking that Aramaic became a spoken language in the land of Israel as early as
Hebrew_language
Country in Eastern Europe and North Asia
Press. ISBN 978-1-789-12193-3. Chapoutot, Johann (2018). The Law of Blood: Thinking and Acting as a Nazi. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-66043-4
Russia
President of the United States from 1961 to 1963
later reflected, "We weren't thinking of the Negroes of Mississippi or Alabama—what should be done for them. We were thinking of what needed to be done in
John_F._Kennedy
2019 book by Melanie Mitchell
Artificial Intelligence: A Guide for Thinking Humans is a 2019 nonfiction book by Santa Fe Institute professor Melanie Mitchell. The book provides an overview
Artificial Intelligence: A Guide for Thinking Humans
Artificial_Intelligence:_A_Guide_for_Thinking_Humans
President of the United States from 2001 to 2009
scholars have argued that his decisions not only reflected neoconservative thinking but also institutionalized it, transforming those ideas into official strategic
George_W._Bush
Most populous city in California, US
area of 12.9 million people (2024). Greater Los Angeles, a combined statistical area that includes the Los Angeles and Riverside–San Bernardino metropolitan
Los_Angeles
The AI Mirror: How to Reclaim Our Humanity in an Age of Machine Thinking is a 2024 non-fiction book by American philosopher of technology Shannon Vallor
The AI Mirror: How to Reclaim Our Humanity in an Age of Machine Thinking
The_AI_Mirror:_How_to_Reclaim_Our_Humanity_in_an_Age_of_Machine_Thinking
Method of statistical analysis
also known as the Neyman–Rubin causal model, is an approach to the statistical analysis of cause and effect based on the framework of potential outcomes
Rubin_causal_model
Field of study to extract knowledge from data
the American Statistical Association's Section on Statistical Learning and Data Mining changed its name to the Section on Statistical Learning and Data
Data_science
English footballer (born 1975)
thinking that Manchester United didn't want me anymore. You had to perform because, if not, you're going to get let go. So you're constantly thinking
David_Beckham
French foreign policy in 1940–1946 and 1959–1969
to move toward some form of political integration that, in de Gaulle's thinking, would impinge on the sovereignty of France, both internally and externally
Foreign policy of Charles de Gaulle
Foreign_policy_of_Charles_de_Gaulle
Country in North America
of Toronto Press. p. 56. ISBN 978-1-4426-0121-5. Johnson, David (2016). Thinking Government: Public Administration and Politics in Canada (4th ed.). University
Canada
Chatbot developed by Google
was released on March 25, 2025, as Google's first explicitly designated "thinking model", capable of reasoning through steps before responding using chain-of-thought
Google_Gemini
Bob and Jillian arrive at the house, and the contestants prank them into thinking both Wal and Shane were eliminated. When Shane appears, Jillian is thrilled
List of The Biggest Loser Australia episodes
List_of_The_Biggest_Loser_Australia_episodes
Method of statistical inference
inference (/ˈbeɪziən/ BAY-zee-ən or /ˈbeɪʒən/ BAY-zhən) is a method of statistical inference in which Bayes' theorem is used to calculate a probability
Bayesian_inference
STATISTICAL THINKING
STATISTICAL THINKING
Girl/Female
Tamil
Hetarthi | ஹேதாரà¯à®¤à¯€
Love, Good thinking
Hetarthi | ஹேதாரà¯à®¤à¯€
Girl/Female
Tamil
Harleena | ஹரà¯à®²à¯€à®¨à®¾
Thinking of God at all times
Harleena | ஹரà¯à®²à¯€à®¨à®¾
Girl/Female
Tamil
Sindhana | ஸிஂதநாÂ
Always thinking
Sindhana | ஸிஂதநாÂ
Boy/Male
Biblical
Talking, thinking, humiliation, budding.
Girl/Female
Greek
Thinking of the sea.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Meditate, Thinking, Thought
Boy/Male
Hindu
Meditate, Thinking, Thought
Girl/Female
Indian, Sanskrit
Good Thinking; Beautiful Moon
Girl/Female
Indian
Love, Good thinking
Girl/Female
Hindu
Always thinking
Girl/Female
Indian
Thinking, Wishing well of
Boy/Male
Tamil
Meditate, Thinking, Thought
Girl/Female
Tamil
Hitarthi | ஹிதாரதீÂ
Love, Good thinking
Hitarthi | ஹிதாரதீÂ
Boy/Male
Tamil
Meditate, Thinking, Thought
Girl/Female
Indian
Love, Good thinking
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for the buyer of provisions for a large household, from a reduced form of Anglo-Norman French acatour (Late Latin acceptator, an agent derivative of acceptare ‘to accept’). Modern English caterer results from the addition of a second agent suffix to the word.Slovenian (ÄŒater) : status name for a person who read out the Slovenian ceremonial text at the installation of the Carantanian rulers and, later, Carinthian dukes, derived from the dialect verb Äatiti ‘to read’. Carantania was the early medieval Slovenian state on the territory of present-day Carinthia and Styria, now divided between Austria and Slovenia. The people’s installation of the Carantanian rulers was an exceptional example of democratic elections in medieval Europe. Thomas Jefferson knew about it and was influenced by it in his thinking about American Independence.Perhaps also an Americanized spelling of German Köter (see Koetter).
Boy/Male
Biblical
Thinking.
Girl/Female
Biblical
Fleeing, thinking.
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Knowledge; Consciousness; Thinking Present; Intelligent
Girl/Female
Tamil
Anudhya | அநà¯à®¤à¯à®¯à®¾
Thinking, Wishing well of
STATISTICAL THINKING
STATISTICAL THINKING
Boy/Male
Hindu
Lord Murugan
Girl/Female
Arabic, Australian, Muslim, Pakistani
Pure
Male
Russian
Variant spelling of Russian Dorofey, DOROFEI means "gift of God."
Boy/Male
Indian, Telugu
Never Ending
Girl/Female
American, British, English, German, Greek, Latin, Swedish
Rules with Counsel; Strong Counsel; One who Brings Victory; True Image; Wise Ruler
Female
Hebrew
(×ֶמֶת) Hebrew name EMET means "truth." The masculine form is spelled Emmet.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Happy; Father of Happiness
Girl/Female
English American
Meadow. Surname or given name.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Lord Shiva nandishwar
Boy/Male
Tamil
Peace maker
STATISTICAL THINKING
STATISTICAL THINKING
STATISTICAL THINKING
STATISTICAL THINKING
STATISTICAL THINKING
n.
An official registration of the number of the people, the value of their estates, and other general statistics of a country.
n.
A book or table, containing a calendar of days, and months, to which astronomical data and various statistics are often added, such as the times of the rising and setting of the sun and moon, eclipses, hours of full tide, stated festivals of churches, terms of courts, etc.
n.
See Statistics, 2.
n.
The branch of mathematics which studies methods for the calculation of probabilities.
a.
Not thinking; not heedful; thoughtless; inconsiderate; as, unthinking youth.
a.
Arranged in a schedule; as, tabular statistics.
n.
One versed in statistics; one who collects and classifies facts for statistics.
n.
The act of forming into a table or tables; as, the tabulation of statistics.
a.
Alt. of Statistical
a.
Of or pertaining to statistics; as, statistical knowledge, statistical tabulation.
n.
Vital statistics.
n.
The act of thinking; mode of thinking; imagination; cogitation; judgment.
n.
A book published yearly; any annual report or summary of the statistics or facts of a year, designed to be used as a reference book; as, the Congregational Yearbook.
a.
Having the faculty of thought; cogitative; capable of a regular train of ideas; as, man is a thinking being.
n.
The science which has to do with the collection and classification of certain facts respecting the condition of the people in a state.
n.
A statistician.
n.
An account, or formal report, of an action performed, of a duty discharged, of facts or statistics, and the like; as, election returns; a return of the amount of goods produced or sold; especially, in the plural, a set of tabulated statistics prepared for general information.
n.
Classified facts respecting the condition of the people in a state, their health, their longevity, domestic economy, arts, property, and political strength, their resources, the state of the country, etc., or respecting any particular class or interest; especially, those facts which can be stated in numbers, or in tables of numbers, or in any tabular and classified arrangement.
adv.
In the way of statistics.