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Cell cycle checkpoint
The spindle checkpoint, also known as the metaphase-to-anaphase transition, the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), the metaphase checkpoint, or the mitotic
Spindle_checkpoint
Control mechanism in the eukaryotic cell cycle
the G2/M checkpoint; and the metaphase-to-anaphase transition, also known as the spindle checkpoint. Progression through these checkpoints is largely
Cell_cycle_checkpoint
Essential spindle checkpoint protein
Mad2 (mitotic arrest deficient 2) is an essential spindle checkpoint protein. The spindle checkpoint system is a regulatory system that restrains progression
Mad2
Topics referred to by the same term
damage checkpoint M spindle checkpoint, prevents anaphase onset until all chromosomes are properly attached to the spindle Immune checkpoint Application
Checkpoint
Third stage of mitosis and meiosis
prevent deleterious nondisjunction events, a key cell cycle checkpoint, the spindle checkpoint, verifies this evenly balanced alignment and ensures that
Metaphase
Protein complex that allows microtubules to attach to chromosomes during cell division
anchoring of chromosomes to MTs in the spindle, verification of anchoring, activation of the spindle checkpoint and participation in the generation of
Kinetochore
Protein-coding gene in humans
cyclins. CDC20 is also a part of, and regulated by, the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). This checkpoint ensures that anaphase proceeds only when the centromeres
CDC20
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Mitotic checkpoint protein BUB3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the BUB3 gene. Bub3 is a protein involved with the regulation of the Spindle Assembly
BUB3
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
BubR1, this protein is recognized for its mitotic roles in the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) and kinetochore-microtubule interactions that facilitate
BUB1B
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
role in the establishment of the mitotic spindle checkpoint and chromosome congression. The mitotic checkpoint kinase is evolutionarily conserved in organisms
BUB1
Biological process
purpose for this checkpoint is to check for appropriate cell size and any DNA damage . The second check point is in the G2 phase, this checkpoint also checks
Cell_division
Protein
localization to the cleavage furrow and disrupts spindle midzone organization. The spindle assembly checkpoint inhibits progression of mitosis from metaphase
Aurora_kinase_B
Cell-cycle regulatory complex
the spindle checkpoint system contributes to the delay if it needs to correct the bi-orientation of chromosomes. Though how the spindle checkpoint system
Anaphase-promoting_complex
Protein-coding gene in the species Mus musculus
yeast has a function in the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). This checkpoint monitors chromosome attachment to spindle microtubules and prevents cells
Mad1
Second stage of mitosis and meiosis
when most of the other chromosomes have lined up, will trigger the spindle checkpoint signal. This prevents premature progression into anaphase by inhibiting
Prometaphase
First subphase of interphase
are three checkpoints in the cell cycle: the G1/S Checkpoint or the Start checkpoint in yeast; the G2/M checkpoint; and the spindle checkpoint. During G1
G1_phase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD2A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAD2L1 gene. MAD2L1 is a component of the mitotic spindle assembly
MAD2L1
Feature of biological cell structure
to the mitotic spindle by the time of this checkpoint, the onset of anaphase will be delayed. Failure of this spindle assembly checkpoint can result in
Spindle_apparatus
Poison that disrupts cell division
of cell division at the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC). However, as numerous and varied as they are, spindle poisons are not yet 100% effective at ending
Spindle_poison
Protein domain
and MAD2 is a spindle checkpoint protein which prevents progression of the cell cycle upon detection of a defect in mitotic spindle integrity. Humans
HORMA_domain
Type of protein
Following bi-orientation of chromosome pairs and inactivation of the spindle checkpoint system, the underlying regulatory system, which includes securin,
Securin
Italian biologist
understanding of the molecular basis of mitosis, with emphasis on the spindle assembly checkpoint. Since the early days, Musacchio's lab adopted a multi-disciplinary
Andrea_Musacchio
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
microtubule-binding domains. HEC is one of several proteins involved in spindle checkpoint signaling. This surveillance mechanism assures correct segregation
NDC80
Animal cell cycle checkpoint
one of three main cell cycle checkpoints, the other two being the G2-M DNA damage checkpoint and the spindle checkpoint. Originally, Howard Martin Temin
Restriction_point
Mammalian protein
Marchisio PC, et al. (December 1998). "Control of apoptosis and mitotic spindle checkpoint by survivin". Nature. 396 (6711): 580–584. Bibcode:1998Natur.396.
Survivin
Medical condition
for spindle checkpoint. Types include: Also those genes are associated with that disorder: BUB3 and BUB1. BUB1, BUB1B and BUB3 participates in spindle checkpoint
Mosaic variegated aneuploidy syndrome
Mosaic_variegated_aneuploidy_syndrome
Dependence of the state of a system on its history
system such that we have three designated checkpoints to account for this: G1/S, G2/M, and the spindle checkpoint.[failed verification] Irreversible hysteresis
Hysteresis
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
encodes a cytoplasmic protein implicated in regulation of the mitotic spindle checkpoint, a regulatory pathway that monitors chromosome segregation during
STIL
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAD1L1 gene. MAD1L1 is also known as Human Accelerated
MAD1L1
Protein-coding gene in humans
arrest at the G2 phase. Chk1 has a role in the spindle checkpoint during mitosis thus interacts with spindle assembly proteins Aurora A kinase and Aurora
CHEK1
Motor protein
endosome transport during the interphase and regulation of the spindle assembly checkpoint in mitosis. Dynein and dynactin were reported to interact directly
Dynactin
Mammalian protein found in humans
important protein of the spindle checkpoint. Also, VHL colocalizes with the microtubule. Thus VHL loss leads to a weakened checkpoint and subsequently chromosome
Von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor
Von_Hippel–Lindau_tumor_suppressor
Cell cycle checkpoint in eukaryotic organisms
biochemical feature of this checkpoint is the activation of M-phase cyclin-CDK complexes, which phosphorylate proteins that promote spindle assembly and bring
G2-M_DNA_damage_checkpoint
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
"A functional genomic screen identifies a role for TAO1 kinase in spindle-checkpoint signalling". Nat. Cell Biol. 9 (5): 556–64. doi:10.1038/ncb1569. PMID 17417629
TAOK1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
ERCC excision repair 6 like, spindle assembly checkpoint helicase is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ERCC6L gene. This gene encodes a member
ERCC excision repair 6 like, spindle assembly checkpoint helicase
ERCC_excision_repair_6_like,_spindle_assembly_checkpoint_helicase
Protein family
for the proper functioning of the metaphase checkpoint in flies. The eukaryotic spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) monitors microtubule attachment to kinetochores
ZW10
Protein family
The spindle checkpoint (also referred to as the mitotic checkpoint) ensures proper separation of chromosomes. Broadly, the mitotic checkpoint promotes
Deubiquitinating_enzyme
Artificial stopping of the cell cycle
dissociation of p55CDC from Mad2 and BubR1 and abrogation of the spindle checkpoint, leading to aneuploidy". Cell Cycle. 4 (10): 1385–8. doi:10.4161/cc
Induced_cell_cycle_arrest
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Carson-Walter EB, et al. (1999). "Characterization of MAD2B and other mitotic spindle checkpoint genes". Genomics. 58 (2): 181–7. doi:10.1006/geno.1999.5831. PMID 10366450
Dual specificity protein kinase TTK
Dual_specificity_protein_kinase_TTK
Cell organelle in animal cell helping in cell division
cell cycle, defective DNA or chromatin metabolism, failure in the spindle checkpoint, etc.) would generate a failure in cell division, an increase in ploidy
Centrosome
Austrian American academic molecular and cell biologist (1967–2020)
Amon's team demonstrated that CDC20 is the target protein in the spindle checkpoint during mitosis. Amon's more recent work has investigated the regulation
Angelika_Amon
Medication used for cancer
achieve a metaphase spindle configuration. This blocks the progression of mitosis and prolonged activation of the mitotic checkpoint triggers apoptosis
Paclitaxel
Protein with roles in formation and stability of microtubules
Kilmartin JV, Gergely F (April 2010). "CDK5RAP2 functions in centrosome to spindle pole attachment and DNA damage response". The Journal of Cell Biology.
CDK5RAP2
Protein-coding gene in humans
the centromere to the spindle during chromosome segregation: a link between the kinetochore function and the spindle checkpoint". Chromosoma. 110 (5):
NUF2
Topics referred to by the same term
complex (sometimes abbreviated as APC/C), an enzyme that regulates the spindle checkpoint APCC, former Nasdaq symbol for APC by Schneider Electric, an American
APCC
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
metaphase-to-anaphase transition of the cell cycle and is regulated by spindle checkpoint proteins. The APC is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets cell cycle
ANAPC1
Protein complexes which degrade ubiquitin-tagged proteins by proteolysis
mitotic checkpoint leading to premature M phase exit can occur despite the delay of this exit by the spindle checkpoint. Earlier cell cycle checkpoints such
Proteasome
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
the spindle midzone, these biological phenotypes could account for the failure of this event due to the inability to activate the spindle checkpoint. Instead
TPX2
Benign or malignant neoplasm involving the stomach
correct size. These checkpoints include an un-replicated DNA checkpoint, a spindle assembly checkpoint, a chromosome-segregation checkpoint, and various DNA
Tumors_of_the_stomach
Events leading to cell division
to reorganize to form a spindle (preprophase). Before proceeding to mitotic phase, cells must be checked at the G2 checkpoint for any DNA damage within
Cell_cycle
Family of proteins
of TNKs, mitosis arrest is observed in pre-anaphase through Mad2 spindle checkpoint. TNKs can also PARsylate Mcl-1L and Mcl-1S and inhibit both their
Poly_(ADP-ribose)_polymerase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
by p53 class mediator response to metal ion positive regulation of spindle checkpoint regulation of cell population proliferation cellular response to hypoxia
NDRG1
duplicated chromosomes are improperly attached to mitotic spindle, spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) proteins including Mad and Bub inhibit APC-Cdc20 to
Biochemical switches in the cell cycle
Biochemical_switches_in_the_cell_cycle
Protein-coding gene in humans
Gorbsky GJ (Jun 1998). "Mammalian p55CDC mediates association of the spindle checkpoint protein Mad2 with the cyclosome/anaphase-promoting complex, and is
CDC27
First phase of mitosis and meiosis
gather at opposite poles and begin to form the spindle apparatus at locations called foci. The mitotic spindle is of great importance in the process of mitosis
Prophase
Protein complex
negative regulator. For condensin II, involvement of Polo and the spindle checkpoint kinase Mps1 has been suggested. Recently, short amino acid sequences
Condensin
Mechanism of cell death
Mitotic catastrophe can be induced by prolonged activation of the spindle assembly checkpoint, errors in mitosis, or DNA damage and operates to prevent genomic
Mitotic_catastrophe
Final stage of mitosis and meiosis
telophase are events that occur passively after satisfaction of the spindle-assembly checkpoint (SAC) that defines the metaphase-anaphase transition. However
Telophase
Chromosome attachment pattern in cytogenetics
spindle pole. Tension was quickly identified as an important component of the error-sensing mechanism and likely of the spindle assembly checkpoint.
Syntelic
Presence of an abnormal number of chromosomes in a cell
phase. For example, if a checkpoint is weakened, the cell may fail to 'notice' that a chromosome pair is not lined with the spindle apparatus. In such a case
Aneuploidy
Cell division producing haploid gametes
might take place through regulation of the APC as part of the spindle assembly checkpoint. In the budding yeast S. cerevisiae, Clb1 is the main meiotic
Meiosis
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
key component of the spindle checkpoint that delays the onset of anaphase until all the kinetochores are attached to the spindle. This protein may interact
MAD2L1BP
Protein-coding gene in humans
interacts with MAD1 and possibly functions as a novel integrator of the spindle checkpoint signaling". J. Biol. Chem. 279 (19): 20049–57. doi:10.1074/jbc.M314205200
NEK2
Protein found in humans
regulates the maintenance of the metaphase plate and silencing of the spindle checkpoint leading to the onset of anaphase during mitosis. SKA2 also interacts
SKA2
Protein-coding gene in humans
member of the dynein motor protein family. DYNLT3 binds to BUB3, a spindle checkpoint protein is present on kinetochores at prometaphase. DYNLT3 can also
DYNLT3
Protein
attachment to chromosome centromeres and in the activation of the spindle checkpoint during mitosis. The CASC5 gene is upregulated in the areas of cell
KNL1
German cell biologist
affecting the spindle checkpoint. In work on mouse and human gut stem cells, she found that these cells normally divide with their mitotic spindle in a particular
Inke_Nathke
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
improper kinetochore-microtubule attachments, and spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC), central spindle organization, and cytokinesis. Aneuploidy results
Aurora_kinase_C
Molecular biology method
damage checkpoint and repair pathways, as well as factors involved in chromatin assembly/condensation, chromosome segregation, and the mitotic spindle checkpoint
ChIP-on-chip
Cell division into two identical cells
the end of mitosis, the metaphase checkpoint guarantees that kinetochores are properly attached to the mitotic spindle and that the chromosomes are aligned
Mitosis
Fungal protein found in Saccharomyces cerevisiae S288c
Furthermore, it is thought to be a possible target of a BUB2-dependent spindle checkpoint pathway. The anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/c) is an ubiquitin
APC/C_activator_protein_CDH1
mediating attachments between kinetochores and microtubules, and the spindle assembly checkpoint. Gireesh, Anjitha; Abad, Maria Alba; Nozawa, Ryu-Suke; Sotelo-Parrilla
Chromosomal_passenger_complex
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
cell cycle phases, including meiosis G2/Prophase and during the Spindle Assembly checkpoint (SAC). Evidence shows regulation to occur through the HORMA domains
TRIP13
Pharmaceutical compound
Siemeister G, Stöckigt D, et al. (August 2020). "Treating Cancer by Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Abrogation: Discovery of Two Clinical Candidates, BAY 1161909
Empesertib
Protein-coding gene in humans
Mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD2B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAD2L2 gene. MAD2L2 is a component of the mitotic spindle assembly
MAD2L2
Cancer researcher
published literature has discussed chromosome motility, spindle assembly, and mitotic checkpoints. Rieder enrolled at the University of California, Irvine
Conly_Rieder
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
on histone H2A of nucleosome, which is the important substrate of spindle checkpoint kinase BUB1. Centromeric cohesin and H2A-pT120 specify two distinct
Shugoshin_1
Cell cycle protein
required for multiple mitotic processes including alleviation of a spindle checkpoint-dependent block in anaphase chromosome segregation". PLOS Genetics
Cyclin_B3
Class of enzymes
recruitment of the polo-like kinase Plo1 to the spindle pole body and a functional spindle assembly checkpoint". J. Cell Sci. 115 (Pt 18): 3575–86. doi:10
Polo_kinase
Protein found in humans
Martin-Lluesma S, Stucke VM, Nigg EA (Sep 2002). "Role of Hec1 in spindle checkpoint signaling and kinetochore recruitment of Mad1/Mad2". Science. 297
40S_ribosomal_protein_S27
Protein family
the sister chromatids remaining tethered. Shugoshin also acts as a spindle checkpoint component. It senses tension between sister chromatids during mitosis
Shugoshin N terminal protein domain
Shugoshin_N_terminal_protein_domain
Protein-coding gene in humans
Gorbsky GJ (Jun 1998). "Mammalian p55CDC mediates association of the spindle checkpoint protein Mad2 with the cyclosome/anaphase-promoting complex, and is
CDC16
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
tension-sensing 3F3/2 phosphoepitope and modulates the association of spindle-checkpoint proteins at kinetochores". Current Biology. 15 (12): 1078–89. doi:10
SPC24
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
and ZW10 to kinetochores for faithful chromosome segregation and spindle checkpoint control". Oncogene. 25 (52): 6901–14. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1209687.
ZWINT
Japanese molecular biologist
Matsuura, Shinya (2011-05-15). "Insufficiency of BUBR1, a mitotic spindle checkpoint regulator, causes impaired ciliogenesis in vertebrates". Human Molecular
Makoto_Furutani-Seiki
Protein-coding gene in humans
CHEK2 (Checkpoint kinase 2) is a tumor suppressor gene that encodes the protein CHK2, a serine-threonine kinase. CHK2 is involved in DNA repair, cell cycle
CHEK2
Failure to separate properly during cell division
and condensin are responsible for removing catenations. The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is a molecular safe-guarding mechanism that governs proper
Nondisjunction
Biologist
chromosome mis-segregation and how cells position spindles. Her publications include: Timing and checkpoints in the regulation of mitotic progression The ch-TOG/XMAP215
Viji_Draviam
Microtubule depolymerizing drug
absence of microtubule attachment to kinetochores activates the spindle assembly checkpoint, causing the cell to arrest in prometaphase. For cell synchronization
Nocodazole
that spindle pole bodies can separate. This event is triggered by the activation of M-Cdk in late prophase I. Then the spindle assembly checkpoint examines
Meiotic recombination checkpoint
Meiotic_recombination_checkpoint
Cancer originating in connective tissue
are as follows: Osteosarcoma Chondrosarcoma Poorly differentiated round/spindle cell tumors (includes Ewing sarcoma) Hemangioendothelioma Angiosarcoma
Sarcoma
Chemical compound
"Dissecting the role of MPS1 in chromosome biorientation and the spindle checkpoint through the small molecule inhibitor reversine". The Journal of Cell
Reversine
Chemical compound
correcting kinetochore-microtubule attachment and in maintaining the spindle assembly checkpoint". The Journal of Cell Biology. 161 (2): 281–294. doi:10.1083/jcb
Hesperadin
Centromere- and microtubule-associated protein
one of the motors responsible for mammalian chromosome movement and/or spindle elongation. CENPE is also called Kinesin-7. Mutations in CENPE result in
Centromere_protein_E
Stage in cell cycle
one unreplicated DNA checkpoint at the end of G2, one spindle assembly checkpoint in mitosis, and a chromosome segregation checkpoint during mitosis. Between
G1/S_transition
Plk1 function, bipolar spindle formation does not occur and cells arrest in prometaphase owing to Spindle Assembly Checkpoint activation. Plk1 function
Polo-like_kinase
Centrioles are nine triplets microtubules
phase. [19] MPS1 is a protein kinase that is essential to the spindle assembly checkpoint, and it is thought to possibly remodel an SAS6-cored intermediate
Centrosome_cycle
Medical condition
include:[citation needed] the shape of the cells appear similar to epithelial and spindle-shaped the growth occurs in the shapes of sheets and nests the presence
Vaginal_melanoma
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
damage repair, DNA replication, transcriptional regulation, and cell cycle checkpoint activation. TOPBP1 primarily regulates the DNA damage repair response
TOPBP1
duplicated chromosomes are improperly attached to mitotic spindle, spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) proteins including Mad and Bub inhibit APC-Cdc20 to
Mitotic_exit
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