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Reflection which reverses the direction of a wave, particle, or signal
In physics, backscatter (or backscattering) is the reflection of waves, particles, or signals back to the direction from which they came. It is usually
Backscatter
Topics referred to by the same term
Backscatter is the reflection of waves, particles or signals. The term may also refer to: Backscatter X-ray, a new type of imaging technology Backscatter
Backscatter_(disambiguation)
Optical phenomenon in photography
In photography, backscatter (also called near-camera reflection) is an optical phenomenon resulting in typically circular artifacts on an image, due to
Backscatter_(photography)
Advanced X-ray imaging technology
Backscatter X-ray is an advanced X-ray imaging technology. Traditional X-ray machines detect hard and soft materials by the variation in x-ray intensity
Backscatter_X-ray
Incorrectly automated bounce messages
Backscatter (also known as outscatter, misdirected bounces, blowback or collateral spam) is incorrectly automated bounce messages sent by mail servers
Backscatter_(email)
Scanning electron microscopy technique
Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique used to study the crystallographic structure of materials. EBSD
Electron backscatter diffraction
Electron_backscatter_diffraction
Ambient backscatter uses existing radio frequency signals, such as radio, television and mobile telephony, to transmit data without a battery or power
Ambient_backscatter
Scattering of a radiation wave as it travels through a complex medium
In physics, coherent backscattering is observed when coherent radiation (such as a laser beam) propagates through a medium which has a large number of
Coherent_backscattering
Analytical technique to determine structure and composition of materials
Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) is an analytical technique used in materials science. Sometimes referred to as high-energy ion scattering
Rutherford backscattering spectrometry
Rutherford_backscattering_spectrometry
Device which detects objects in or around a person's body
wave scanners do not generate ionizing radiation. X-ray-based scanners Backscatter X-ray scanners use low dose radiation for detecting suspicious metallic
Full_body_scanner
Type of cyber-attack
These response packets are known as backscatter. If the attacker is spoofing source addresses randomly, the backscatter response packets from the victim
Denial-of-service_attack
Strength of an object's radar echo
section (NRCS), also known as differential scattering coefficient or radar backscatter coefficient, denoted σ0 or σ0 ("sigma nought"), which is the average
Radar_cross_section
Neutron backscattering is one of several inelastic neutron scattering techniques. Backscattering from monochromator and analyzer crystals is used to achieve
Neutron_backscattering
Optical effect
proposed for this observational phenomenon: shadow hiding and coherent backscatter. The phase angle is defined as the angle between the observer, the observed
Opposition_surge
Type of electron microscope
Scintillator Backscattered Electron Detectors, the Backscattered-to-Secondary Electron Conversion Detector, and the Solid State Diode Detector. Backscattered electrons
Scanning_electron_microscope
Nanoscale orientation mapping method
Kikuchi diffraction (TKD), also sometimes called transmission electron backscatter diffraction (t-EBSD), is a method for orientation mapping at the nanoscale
Transmission Kikuchi diffraction
Transmission_Kikuchi_diffraction
Portrayal of sexual subject matter
mm equivalent focal length Abbreviations list Angle of view Aperture Backscatter Black and white Chromatic aberration Circle of confusion Clipping Color
Pornography
Email authentication method
address specified in an E-mail message is valid. It is designed to reject backscatter, that is, bounce messages to forged return addresses. The basic idea
Bounce_Address_Tag_Validation
Long distance radar technology
using a chirp transmitter. The most common type of OTH radar, OTH-B (backscatter), uses skywave or "skip" propagation, in which shortwave radio waves
Over-the-horizon_radar
Automated message from an email system
"returned" to the third party instead of the spammer. This is called backscatter. Had the library.example mail server known that the message would be
Bounce_message
Rewriting an email message sender address
supply the criteria should not make any bounce message classifiable as backscatter, although some people mistakenly think it should. Open relays and forwarders
Sender_Rewriting_Scheme
Backscattering cross section is a property of an object that determines what proportion of incident wave energy is scattered from the object, back in the
Backscattering_cross_section
Quantitative study of the energy spectra of gamma-ray sources
first peak left of the Compton edge), the so-called backscatter peak. The detailed shape of backscatter peak structure is influenced by many factors, such
Gamma_spectroscopy
Unsolicited messages sent by email
appears blank, when in fact it uses HTML code to download other files. Backscatter is a side-effect of email spam, viruses, and worms. It happens when email
Email_spam
US Air Force radar station in Oregon
engineers in the early 1970s who were developing an over the horizon backscatter radar (OTH-B) system. The system was based on a frequency modulation/continuous
Christmas Valley Air Force Station
Christmas_Valley_Air_Force_Station
Type of microscope with electrons as a source of illumination
the energy of the primary beam. Backscattered electrons can be used for both imaging and to form an electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) image, the latter
Electron_microscope
Meteorological instrumentation
geophysical model function (GMF) which relates wind and backscatter. Over the ocean, the radar backscatter results from scattering from wind-generated capillary-gravity
Scatterometer
Meteorological optical phenomenon
is because the atmospheric light scattering that makes them visible (backscattering) is larger for low angles to the horizon than most other angles. Anticrepuscular
Anticrepuscular_rays
Proposed sixth-generation mobile telecommunications technology
objects, and equipment across a wide range of contexts. 6G will also use Backscatter Communication for Ambient IoT devices. "Recommendation ITU-R M.2160-0"
6G
Measurement for ionizing radiation
plate sources usually have a significant backscatter, whereas alpha plate sources usually have no backscatter. However alpha particles are easily attenuated
Counts_per_minute
Nerve sensors used in brain-computer interfaces
impossible to create a functional transmitter in the sensor itself. Thus backscatter communication, adopted from radio frequency identification (RFID) technologies
Neural_dust
crosslinking (for negative resists) come from electron forward scattering and backscattering. The forward scattering process is due to electron-electron interactions
Proximity effect (electron beam lithography)
Proximity_effect_(electron_beam_lithography)
1990 American crewed spaceflight to deploy Ulysses
trajectory. Other payloads and experiments included the Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet (SSBUV) experiment, Intelsat Solar Array Coupon (ISAC), Chromosome
STS-41
Goods inspection system
dose of radiation to potential stowaways. Dual-energy X-ray radiography Backscatter X-ray radiography Examples of neutron activation systems include: pulsed
Cargo_scanning
American x-ray equipment manufacturer
leading inventor/scientist for the company, including inventing the backscatter technology, which enabled the detection of plastic explosives, he also
American Science and Engineering
American_Science_and_Engineering
Science of measurement and description of features which affect maritime activities
position of origin for each of the backscatter amplitudes in the output data set. Those positions are based on the backscatter measurements themselves and not
Hydrographic_survey
Manufacturer of metal detectors and X-ray machines
its revenue during 2005–2007. Rapiscan manufactures a controversial backscatter X-ray system for screening airport passengers, the Rapiscan Secure 1000
Rapiscan_Systems
Anomaly in digital graphics or imagery
fringing Motion blur Near-camera reflection, visual artifacts caused by the backscatter of light by unfocused particles In microscopy, an artifact is an apparent
Visual_artifact
Atmospheric phenomenon
horizon during twilight, above the antisolar point. Like alpenglow, the backscatter of reddened sunlight also creates the Belt of Venus. Though unlike alpenglow
Belt_of_Venus
Atmospheric optical phenomenon
direction when uniformly sized water droplets in clouds refract and backscatter sunlight. The phenomenon can appear on any misty mountainside, cloud
Brocken_spectre
British materials scientist and engineer
research interests are in micromechanics, deformation, strain and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD). In 2014 he was awarded the Silver Medal of the Institute
Ben_Britton
Electron Backscatter Diffraction software
open-source MATLAB package specifically designed for the analysis of electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) data, which are widely used to analyse the crystallographic
MTEX
Analytical techniques involving ion beams
determine the depth profile of damage in single crystals. RBS: Rutherford backscattering is sensitive to heavy elements in a light matrix. This technique is
Ion_beam_analysis
American actress and writer
Furukawa Episode: "The Sixth Man" 2006 Numb3rs Student #1 Episode: "Backscatter" 2007–2009 Damages Female Associate 2 episodes 2008 Law & Order Tina
Hettienne_Park
Partitioning of a seabed acoustic image into discrete physical entities or classes
multispectral multibeam backscatter. New methods of analyzing backscatter data, have increased its potential for seabed characterization. Backscatter data resolution
Acoustic seabed classification
Acoustic_seabed_classification
American weather satellite (2005–2025)
French/CNES-provided improved Argos Data Collection System (Argos DCS-2) The Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Spectral radiometer (SBUV/2) The Advanced Microwave Sounding
NOAA-18
is a type of active remote Sensing which uses electromagnetic energy backscattered from ground targets to extract physical and dielectric behavior. It
Radar_remote_sensing
Mathematical model for turbulence
The transfer of energy from unresolved to resolved scales is called backscatter (and likewise the transfer of energy from resolved to unresolved scales
Large_eddy_simulation
Scientific study of crystal structures
Kikuchi lines in an electron backscatter diffraction pattern of monocrystalline silicon, taken at 20 kV with a field-emission electron source
Crystallography
Optical effect of interplanetary dust reflections
faintly bright spot in the night sky centered at the antisolar point. The backscatter of sunlight by interplanetary dust causes this optical phenomenon, being
Gegenschein
Creating email spam or phishing messages with a forged sender identity or address
addresses are typically reliable, so automated bounce messages may generate backscatter. Although email spoofing is effective in forging the email address, the
Email_spoofing
Process of removing land mines
off a mine, and it can only detect mines near the surface. In X-ray backscatter, an area is irradiated with X-rays (photons with wavelengths between
Demining
Application of radar which is used to create two-dimensional images
radar backscatter for that area on the ground (terrain return): brighter areas represent high backscatter, darker areas represents low backscatter. The
Imaging_radar
Small radar mapper on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter
An example Mini-RF total radar backscatter image taken in the 12.6 cm band. It shows a fresh lunar impact crater with an ejecta blanket surrounding it
Mini-RF
Art and practice of creating images by recording light
mm equivalent focal length Abbreviations list Angle of view Aperture Backscatter Black and white Chromatic aberration Circle of confusion Clipping Color
Photography
Non-destructive elemental analysis technique
elastic collisions, Rutherford backscattering, often repelling the proton at angles close to 180 degrees. The backscatter give information on the sample
Particle-induced X-ray emission
Particle-induced_X-ray_emission
American oceanographer (born 1967)
July 5, 2023. Gallaudet, Timothy Cole (2001). Shallow water acoustic backscatter and reverberation measurements using a 68-kHz cylindrical array (Ph.D
Timothy_Gallaudet
Reserved part of radio spectrum
Amateur radio frequency allocation is done by national telecommunication authorities. Globally, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) oversees
Amateur radio frequency allocations
Amateur_radio_frequency_allocations
Topics referred to by the same term
Brain Stimulation, noninvasive forms of neurostimulation Non-invasive backscattering Nib (pen) Cacao nibs, pieces of roasted cocoa bean, generally ground
NIBS
Compact astronomical body
the outgoing section of the inner horizon, infalling radiation would backscatter off of the black hole's spacetime curvature and travel outward, building
Black_hole
Spectroscopic technique
also scatter light, with their relative contribution increasing in the backscatter direction. As changes in the morphology of epithelial cells are hallmarks
Light_scattering_spectroscopy
Genre of astrophotography capturing the image of eclipses
mm equivalent focal length Abbreviations list Angle of view Aperture Backscatter Black and white Chromatic aberration Circle of confusion Clipping Color
Eclipse_photography
Model used by a fashion designer to check the fit and look of clothing
mm equivalent focal length Abbreviations list Angle of view Aperture Backscatter Black and white Chromatic aberration Circle of confusion Clipping Color
Fit_model
Body screening device
of full body scanner used for body imaging; a competing technology is backscatter X-ray. Millimeter wave scanners come in two varieties: active and passive
Millimeter_wave_scanner
Small angle deflection of waves
lead to the scattering. Forward scatter is essentially the reverse of backscatter. Many different examples exist, and there are very large fields where
Forward_scatter
Stainless steel that has both austenitic and ferritic phases
fields of intragranular slip bands in ferrite by high-resolution electron backscatter diffraction". Acta Materialia. 239 118284. Bibcode:2022AcMat.23918284K
Duplex_stainless_steel
Type of radio propagation
(62 mi) altitudes within the auroral oval backscatter radio waves, including those on HF and VHF. Backscatter is angle-sensitive—incident ray vs. magnetic
Non-line-of-sight_propagation
Greatest energy a photon scattered on an electron can transfer to it
angles. The highest energy that can be deposited, corresponding to full backscatter, is called the Compton edge. In mathematical terms, the Compton edge
Compton_edge
Mail sent using electronic means
spammer may have attempted to mail. These NDRs then constitute spam (backscatter) from the ISP to the innocent user. In the absence of standard methods
Narrow beam of electromagnetic radiation or charged particles
is sometimes delivered through the use of pencil beam scanning. In backscatter X-ray imaging a pencil beam of x-ray radiation is used to scan over an
Pencil_(optics)
Scattering of light by tiny particles in a colloidal suspension
translucent layer re-emerges via a radial scattered path. That is, there is backscatter, the redirection of the light waves back out to the open air. Scattering
Tyndall_effect
Practice of photographing the recently deceased
mm equivalent focal length Abbreviations list Angle of view Aperture Backscatter Black and white Chromatic aberration Circle of confusion Clipping Color
Post-mortem_photography
Instrument for measuring the concentration of suspended particulates
a special case of FTU. Formazin Backscatter Units (FBU), not part of a standard, is the unit of optical backscatter detectors (OBS), measured at c. 180°
Nephelometer
Imaging technique using radiation
techniques are used in airport security, (where "body scanners" generally use backscatter X-ray). To create an image in conventional radiography, a beam of X-rays
Radiography
Form of photography emphasizing simplicity
mm equivalent focal length Abbreviations list Angle of view Aperture Backscatter Black and white Chromatic aberration Circle of confusion Clipping Color
Minimalist_photography
Network traffic lacking a routable destination
packets often contain unsolicited commercial or network control messages, backscatters, port scans, and worm activities. Smaller devices such as DSL modems
Internet_background_noise
Marine petroleum seep area near Goleta, California
large visible gas bubble plumes they can be detected and mapped by sonar backscatter. The first attempts at this were made by Peter Fischer and colleagues
Coal_Oil_Point_seep_field
Electronic device
continuous waves of electromagnetic radiation, a small portion of which backscatter off targets (intended or otherwise) and return to the radar system. The
Radar_display
American weather satellite (2000-2014)
French/CNES-provided improved Argos Data Collection System (Argos DCS-2); 5° the Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Spectral radiometer (SBUV/2); and 6° the Advanced Microwave
NOAA-16
1989 American crewed spaceflight to deploy Galileo
Atlantis' payload bay held two canisters containing the Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet (SSBUV) experiment. SSBUV, which made its first flight on
STS-34
Photography genre
mm equivalent focal length Abbreviations list Angle of view Aperture Backscatter Black and white Chromatic aberration Circle of confusion Clipping Color
Landscape_photography
Automatically updating retail label
offered for sale by National Cash Register (NCR) in 1997 used modulated backscatter of radio waves to provide two way wireless communications between the
Electronic_shelf_label
American weather satellite (2009–2025)
(TED) and MEPED (Medium Energy Proton and Electron Detector). The Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Spectral Radiometer (SBUV/2) was designed for a two-year
NOAA-19
American weather satellite (1998–2025)
SARSAT Search and Rescue Satellite-Aided Tracking System SBUV/2 Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet Radiometer AMSU-A Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A AMSU-B
NOAA-15
Optical component which splits light into several beams
convention for θm: plus (positive) if θm = θi describes the case of backscatter; minus (negative) if it describes specular reflection. Note that the
Diffraction_grating
Density metering technique
matter to measure density, either through direct transmission or the "backscatter" method. The device determines the density of material by counting the
Nuclear_densitometry
and high-energy ion scattering (HEIS, known in practice as Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, or RBS), differing primarily in the energy range of the
Low-energy_ion_scattering
Optoelectronic instrument
extracts, from the same end of the fiber, light that is scattered (Rayleigh backscatter) or reflected back from points along the fiber. The scattered or reflected
Optical time-domain reflectometer
Optical_time-domain_reflectometer
1993 American crewed spaceflight
the Millimeter Wave Atmospheric Sounder (MAS), and the Shuttle Solar Backscatter Ultraviolet (SSBUV/A) spectrometer (on the cargo bay wall). Solar science
STS-56
Type of photographic film that produces a positive image on a transparent base
mm equivalent focal length Abbreviations list Angle of view Aperture Backscatter Black and white Chromatic aberration Circle of confusion Clipping Color
Reversal_film
within the active layer of the source which will reduce the SER, or backscatter which will reflect particles off the backing plate of the active layer
Counting_efficiency
Type of sonar used to map the seabed
needed] Multibeam echosounder data may include bathymetry, acoustic backscatter, and water column data. (Gas plumes now commonly identified in midwater
Multibeam_echosounder
Emmett, Teller) BiFC – Bimolecular fluorescence complementation BKD – Backscatter Kikuchi diffraction, see EBSD BRET – Bioluminescence resonance energy
List of materials analysis methods
List_of_materials_analysis_methods
Type of naturally occurring asphalt
mm equivalent focal length Abbreviations list Angle of view Aperture Backscatter Black and white Chromatic aberration Circle of confusion Clipping Color
Bitumen_of_Judea
mm equivalent focal length Abbreviations list Angle of view Aperture Backscatter Black and white Chromatic aberration Circle of confusion Clipping Color
Photography_in_Australia
35mm camera from Kodak
mm equivalent focal length Abbreviations list Angle of view Aperture Backscatter Black and white Chromatic aberration Circle of confusion Clipping Color
Kodak_35
Image created by light falling on a light-sensitive surface
mm equivalent focal length Abbreviations list Angle of view Aperture Backscatter Black and white Chromatic aberration Circle of confusion Clipping Color
Photograph
1968 Stockholm company
mm equivalent focal length Abbreviations list Angle of view Aperture Backscatter Black and white Chromatic aberration Circle of confusion Clipping Color
Profoto
Fossil-bearing rock formation in the Canadian Rockies
quality of the images that can be acquired. Other techniques include backscatter SEM, elemental mapping and camera lucida drawing. Once images have been
Burgess_Shale
Noise in digital sensors
mm equivalent focal length Abbreviations list Angle of view Aperture Backscatter Black and white Chromatic aberration Circle of confusion Clipping Color
Photo_response_non-uniformity
BACKSCATTER
BACKSCATTER
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Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Boss of Universe; God of Universe
Boy/Male
Tamil
Lord Krishna
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Punjabi, Sikh, Tamil
Beautiful Eyes; Home
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim, Parsi
Selected; Chosen; Sun; Ball of Fire
Girl/Female
American, Australian, Chinese, German, Greek, Latin, Spanish, Swedish
Butterflies; Similar to Vanessa
Girl/Female
Hindu
Goddess Durga
Boy/Male
Indian
Rich, Wealthy, Chief, Captain
Male
Scottish
Scottish name derived from Crìosd, CRÌSDEAN means "Christ." Used as a form of English Christopher, meaning "Christ-bearer."
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Little Heart
Boy/Male
American, British, English
Son of Sawyer
BACKSCATTER
BACKSCATTER
BACKSCATTER
BACKSCATTER
BACKSCATTER