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Glial cell type
Schwann cells or neurolemmocytes (named after German physiologist Theodor Schwann) are the principal glia of the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Glial
Schwann_cell
German physiologist (1810–1882)
considered to be the extension of cell theory to animals. Other contributions include the discovery of Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system,
Theodor_Schwann
Benign nerve-sheath tumor composed of Schwann cells
(or neurilemmoma) is a usually benign nerve sheath tumor comprising Schwann cells, which normally produce the insulating myelin sheath covering peripheral
Schwannoma
Cell type
terminal Schwann cells, present at neuromuscular junctions, the Schwann cells of Remak fibers (also called Remak Schwann cells) and the Schwann cells associated
Nonmyelinating_Schwann_cell
Support-cells in the nervous system
in the peripheral nervous system they include Schwann cells (that produce myelin), and satellite cells. Glia have four main functions: to structurally
Glia
Layer present on Schwann cells of CNS neurons
known as neurolema, sheath of Schwann, or Schwann's sheath) is the outermost nucleated cytoplasmic layer of Schwann cells (also called neurilemmocytes)
Neurilemma
Perisynaptic schwann cells (also known as Terminal schwann cells or Teloglia) are neuroglia found at the Neuromuscular junction (NMJ) with known functions
Perisynaptic_schwann_cells
Benign nerve-sheath tumor in the peripheral nervous system
regulating the RAS-mediated cell growth signaling pathway. In contrast to schwannomas, another type of tumor arising from Schwann cells, neurofibromas incorporate
Neurofibroma
Biological process of axonal degeneration
macrophages. The macrophages, accompanied by Schwann cells, serve to clear the debris from the degeneration. Schwann cells respond to loss of axons by extrusion
Wallerian_degeneration
Gaps between myelin sheaths on the axon of a neuron
from the outer collar of Schwann cells and come very close to nodal axolemma of large fibers. The projections of the Schwann cells are perpendicular to the
Node_of_Ranvier
Theory that living organisms are made up of cells
Theodor Schwann both also studied cells of both animal and plants. What they discovered were significant differences between the two types of cells. This
Cell_theory
influenced by a number of factors in the PNS system. Some factors include Schwann cell characteristics, neurotrophic factors, and nerve branch size. These factors
Preferential motor reinnervation
Preferential_motor_reinnervation
Fatty substance insulating nerve cell axons
by Schwann cells, which myelinate only a section of an axon. In the central nervous system (CNS), axons carry electrical signals from one nerve cell body
Myelin
Damage to nervous tissue
that essentially prepares the distal stump for reinnervation. Schwann cells are glial cells in the peripheral nervous system that support neurons by forming
Nerve_injury
Portion of a brain cell containing its nucleus
Axon terminal Schwann cell Myelin sheath In cellular neuroscience, the soma (pl.: somata or somas; from Greek σῶμα (sôma) 'body'), or cell body, is the
Soma_(biology)
1839 treatise by Theodor Schwann
plants is a famous treatise by Theodor Schwann published in 1839 which officially formulated the basis of the cell theory. The original title was Mikroskopische
Microscopical researches into the accordance in the structure and growth of animals and plants
Microscopical_researches_into_the_accordance_in_the_structure_and_growth_of_animals_and_plants
Formation of myelin sheaths in the nervous system
defined as the differentiation of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) or Schwann cell progenitors into their mature counterparts, followed by myelin
Myelination
The list of human cell types provides an enumeration and description of the various specialized cells found within the human body, highlighting their
List_of_human_cell_types
Topics referred to by the same term
Schwann may refer to: The Schwann cell Henry Schwann, English cricketer Theodor Schwann, a German physiologist, histologist and cytologist Schwann Records
Schwann
Academic journal
neuron). It published articles mainly about the axon as well as the Schwann cell (neurolemmocytes), myelin, and synaptic vesicle. Its h-index (an author-level
Journal_of_Neurocytology
Method of nerve regeneration
on Schwann cells. Lavdas et al. (2006) investigated whether sustained expression of PSA on Schwann cells enhances their migration. Schwann cells were
Nerve_guidance_conduit
Protein family
of netrin-1 on schwann cell proliferation. Unc5b is the sole receptor expressed in RT4 schwannoma cells and adult primary Schwann cells, and netrin-1 and
UNC-5
Brain and spinal cord
myelination is needed. The way in which the Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes myelinate nerves differ. A Schwann cell usually myelinates a single axon, completely
Central_nervous_system
Branch of biology that studies cells
Theodor Schwann in 1838, who viewed live cells in plant and animal tissue, respectively. 19 years later, Rudolf Virchow further contributed to the cell theory
Cell_biology
Basic unit of life forms
Matthias Jakob Schleiden and Theodor Schwann, states that all organisms are composed of one or more cells, that cells are the fundamental unit of structure
Cell_(biology)
Lactotroph Ameloblast Neuron Glia Schwann cell Satellite glial cell Chromaffin cell Glomus cell Melanocyte Nevus cell Merkel cell Odontoblast Cementoblast Corneal
List of human cell types derived from the germ layers
List_of_human_cell_types_derived_from_the_germ_layers
Medical condition
primary Schwann cell differentiation and neoplastic proliferations are characteristics of peripheral nerve sheath tumors. For instance, the Schwann cell, which
Nerve_sheath_tumor
Cable-like bundle of axons
extension of an individual neuron, along with other supportive cells such as some Schwann cells that coat the axons in myelin. Each axon is surrounded by a
Nerve
Long projection on a neuron that conducts signals to other neurons
formed by two types of glial cells: Schwann cells and oligodendrocytes. In the peripheral nervous system Schwann cells form the myelin sheath of a myelinated
Axon
Medical condition
Specifically, antibodies against myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) damage Schwann cells. While the disorder occurs in only 10% of those afflicted with peripheral
Anti-MAG peripheral neuropathy
Anti-MAG_peripheral_neuropathy
Benign tumor of the vestibulocochlear cranial nerve
The tumor originates when Schwann cells that form the insulating myelin sheath on the nerve malfunction. Normally, Schwann cells function beneficially to
Vestibular_schwannoma
Set of proteins
of netrin-1 on schwann cell proliferation. Unc5b is the sole receptor expressed in RT4 schwannoma cells and adult primary Schwann cells, and netrin-1 and
UNC_(biology)
Main component of the nervous system
is composed of cell bodies, dendrites, and satellite glial cells. Nerves are composed of myelinated and unmyelinated axons, Schwann cells surrounded by
Nervous_tissue
Cancer affecting Tasmanian devils
are two currently existing strains, both appearing to be derived from Schwann cells. DFT1 is the main and older strain that infects most of the devil population
Devil_facial_tumour_disease
Autoimmune disease
to the muscle. Axons are wrapped in a sheath of Schwann cells that contain myelin. Between Schwann cells are gaps (nodes of Ranvier) where the axon is exposed
Guillain–Barré_syndrome
Redlich–Obersteiner's zone separates the CNS and PNS, there is a transition from Schwann cell myelin to oligodendrocyte myelin. In cranial nerves this is often the
Redlich–Obersteiner's_zone
membranes of a Schwann cell. It marks the point of edge-to-edge contact by the Schwann cell encircling the axon. A single Schwann cell of the peripheral
Mesaxon
Three genetic disorders involving benign tumors of the nervous system
(tumors of the peripheral nerves). In NF2 and schwannomatosis, tumors of Schwann cells are more common. Diagnosis is typically based on symptoms, examination
Neurofibromatosis
Propagation of action potentials along the myelinated axons of neurons
Dendrite Soma Axon Nucleus Node of Ranvier Axon terminal Schwann cell Myelin sheath In neuroscience, saltatory conduction (from Latin saltus 'leap, jump')
Saltatory_conduction
Small pockets of cytoplasm
medullary segments) are small pockets of cytoplasm left behind during the Schwann cell process of myelination. They are histological evidence of the small amount
Myelin_incisure
Formation of neuronal junctions in the nervous system
reception. At birth, Schwann cells form loose, unmyelinated covers over groups of synapses, but as the synapse matures, Schwann cells become dedicated to
Synaptogenesis
Type of macroglia that ensheath unmyelinated olfactory neurons
as olfactory Schwann cells, because they ensheath the non-myelinated axons of olfactory neurons in a similar way to which Schwann cells ensheath non-myelinated
Olfactory_ensheathing_cell
Neural cell type
by Schwann cells. Oligodendrocytes are found exclusively in the CNS, which comprises the brain and spinal cord. They are the most widespread cell lineage
Oligodendrocyte
Neuromuscular disease
to the close interaction between Schwann cells (which produce myelin) and axons, mutations affecting Schwann cells often result in secondary axonal degeneration
Charcot–Marie–Tooth_disease
Scheme developed by Seddon and Sunderland
is then followed by disintegration of an axon and its myelin sheath. Schwann cells and macrophages play essential roles in this process by clearing axonal
Nerve_injury_classification
Primary cell of the nervous system
axons. The sheaths are formed by glial cells: oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system. The sheath
Neuron
Italian neuroscientist
authored over 150 articles during her career, with a particular focus on Schwann cells and the peripheral nervous system. Feltri earned her medical degree
M._Laura_Feltri
Cell that differentiates into one or a few cell types
A progenitor cell is a biological cell that can differentiate into a specific cell type. Stem cells and progenitor cells have this ability in common.
Progenitor_cell
Inflammation of the spinal cord
1999). "Polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule-positive CNS precursors generate both oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells to remyelinate the CNS after
Myelitis
Cells covering neuron soma in PNS ganglia
sympathetic, and parasympathetic ganglia. Both satellite glial cells (SGCs) and Schwann cells (the cells that ensheathe some nerve fibers in the PNS) are derived
Satellite_glial_cell
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
amino acids, and is mainly expressed in the Schwann cells of the peripheral nervous system. Schwann cells show high expression of PMP22, where it can
Peripheral_myelin_protein_22
Cellular process of loss of specialization
study, the addition of Ras blocks Schwann cell differentiation and induces dedifferentiation. A decrease in Schwann cell gene expression marks this transition
Dedifferentiation
Overview of and topical guide to the human nervous system
Astrocyte Oligodendrocyte (CNS) vs Schwann cell (PNS) Dendrite Soma Axon Nucleus Node of Ranvier Axon terminal Schwann cell Myelin sheath A neuron (also known
Outline of the human nervous system
Outline_of_the_human_nervous_system
Connective tissue layer around myelinated nerve fibers in peripheral nervous system
the Cell: myelinated axon and Schwann cell" Histology image: 21401loa – Histology Learning System at Boston University - "Ultrastructure of the Cell: arteriole
Endoneurium
Biological process
Schwann cells release TGFβ, increasing the aggressiveness of cancer cells through TGFβ-RI. Schwann cells drive perineural invasion, cancer cells interact
Perineural_invasion
Mammalian protein found in humans
the organism. Expression is at its highest level in adult neurons, Schwann cells, astrocytes, leukocytes, and oligodendrocytes. The catalytic RasGAP
Neurofibromin
Chronic disease caused by bacterial infection
adult Schwann cells to stem cell-like cells by leprosy bacilli promotes dissemination of infection". Cell. 152 (1–2): 51–67. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2012.12
Leprosy
Mass formed in response to injury to the nervous system
when combined with other techniques such as nerve guidance conduits, schwann cell transplants, and peripheral nerve autografts. Fibrosis Lesional demyelinations
Glial_scar
Speed at which an electrochemical impulse propagates down a neural pathway
various infections. Two primary classifications exist: demyelinating (Schwann cell damage) and axonal (direct nerve fiber damage). Each of these then branches
Nerve_conduction_velocity
Polish embryologist and neurologist (1815–1865)
also discovered unmyelinating Schwann cells that surround peripheral nerve fibres, now named Remak cells, and the nerve cells in the heart sometimes called
Robert_Remak
Bacterium that causes leprosy
armadillo and red squirrels. The bacteria infect mainly macrophages and Schwann cells, and are typically found congregated as a palisade. Mycobacterium leprae
Mycobacterium_leprae
Pain disorder characterized by pain in the distribution of a nerve or nerves
preparation for axon regeneration. Schwann cells in the distal stump of the nerve and basal lamina components secreted by Schwann cells guide and help stimulate
Neuralgia
granules. The tumor cells stain positively for S-100 as they are of Schwann cell origin. Both malignant and benign versions of the tumor exist, where
Granular_cell_tumor
Type of allergic reaction
of cell-mediated response. This response involves the interaction of T cells, monocytes, and macrophages. This reaction is caused when CD4+ Th1 cells recognize
Type_IV_hypersensitivity
Protein
(September 1996). "Dystroglycan is a dual receptor for agrin and laminin-2 in Schwann cell membrane". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 271 (38): 23418–23423
Dystroglycan
One of three classes of nerve fiber in the nervous system
These occur when a non-myelinating Schwann cell bundles the axons close together by surrounding them. The Schwann cell keeps them from touching each other
Group_C_nerve_fiber
German botanist
23 June 1881) was a German botanist and co-founder of cell theory, along with Theodor Schwann and Rudolf Virchow. He published some poems and non-scientific
Matthias_Jakob_Schleiden
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
and Expanded act through Hippo signalling to regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis". Nature Cell Biology. 8 (1): 27–36. doi:10.1038/ncb1339. PMID 16341207
Merlin_(protein)
Biological process
Cell division is the process by which a parent cell divides into two daughter cells. Cell division usually occurs as part of a larger cell cycle in which
Cell_division
Multipotent stem cell in the adult body
neurons, Schwann cells, myofibroblasts, chondrocytes, and melanocytes. Multipotent stem cells with a claimed equivalency to embryonic stem cells have been
Adult_stem_cell
Thin fibrous layer between the cells and the adjacent connective tissue in animals
membrane also surrounds some individual cells, including muscle cells, fat cells, and Schwann cells, separating them from surrounding connective tissue. Its
Basement_membrane
Neuron communication by electric impulses
terminal Schwann cell Myelin sheath Several types of cells support an action potential, such as plant cells, muscle cells, and the specialized cells of the
Action_potential
Part of an animal that coordinates actions and senses
targets. A very important type of glial cell (oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system, and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system) generates
Nervous_system
British biochemist (born 1948)
on the PNS yielded a method for purification and culture of rodent Schwann cells. This led to the identification of Glial Growth Factor, an early member
Jeremy_Brockes
Medical condition
PMC 5856277. PMID 29544507. Sango, Kazunori; Yamauchi, Junji (2014-02-13). Schwann Cell Development and Pathology. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 83.
Hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsy
Hereditary_neuropathy_with_liability_to_pressure_palsy
Autoimmune disease affecting the peripheral nervous system
self-tolerance and activates autoreactive T and B cells, which are normally suppressed immune cells. This leads to the organ-specific damage typical of
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Chronic_inflammatory_demyelinating_polyneuropathy
Protein-coding gene in humans
Disease. Complications include the demyelination of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells, causing delayed transmission rates of nerve communication in the peripheral
GJB1
Organization
a Schwann cell implantation clinical trial. In November 2012, doctors from the University of Miami implanted the first patient with his own Schwann cells
Miami Project to Cure Paralysis
Miami_Project_to_Cure_Paralysis
Family of proteins that form microfilaments
1997). "Actin plays a role in both changes in cell shape and gene-expression associated with Schwann cell myelination". The Journal of Neuroscience. 17
Actin
Cells that ingest harmful matter within the body
macrophages and thereby infect latter as well. M. leprae infects macrophages, schwann cells, and neutrophils. Bacteria have developed several ways of killing phagocytes
Phagocyte
Structure that surrounds the sarcolemma of muscle cells
(heparan sulfate proteoglycan). Nerve cells, including perineurial cells and Schwann cells also have an external lamina-like protective coating. Adipocytes
External_lamina
Pathogenic type of misfolded protein
the activation of myelin repair in Schwann cells, and that the lack of PrP proteins causes demyelination in those cells. MAVS, RIP1, and RIP3 are prion-like
Prion
Physiological changes caused by nerve compression
the cell body is only 100 micrometers long. Nerves may be myelinated or unmyelinated. Myelinated nerves have the axon covered by segments of schwann cells
Pathophysiology of nerve entrapment
Pathophysiology_of_nerve_entrapment
Enzyme that cleaves double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into short dsRNA fragments
expression of specific host mRNA sequences. miRNA is produced within the cell starting from primary miRNA (pri-miRNA) in the nucleus. These long sequences
Dicer
Subtype of glial cell in the central nervous system
glial progenitor/stem cells produce Schwann cells as well as oligodendrocytes during repair of CNS demyelination". Cell Stem Cell. 6 (6): 578–590. doi:10
Oligodendrocyte progenitor cell
Oligodendrocyte_progenitor_cell
Type of eye tumor
changes Drooping eyelid. Schwann cells are glial cells that were originally discovered by Theodore Schwann, a co-founder of the cell theory, during the nineteenth
Intraocular_schwannoma
Specialised epithelial tissue in the nasal cavity that detects odours
ganglion cells Non-neuronal: basal cells, olfactory supporting cells, ciliated cells, Bowman's glands, Schwann cells, submucosal glands, and brush cells However
Olfactory_epithelium
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells, which are non-neuronal cells that provide support and protection for neurons and form myelin; T cells which are lymphocytes
Neural cell adhesion molecule L1
Neural_cell_adhesion_molecule_L1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
is encoded by the SH3TC2 gene. It is believed to be expressed in the Schwann cells that wrap the myelin sheath around nerves. This gene encodes a protein
SH3TC2
Abnormal lesion of the brain, indicating schwannoma
of Schwann cells). Verocay bodies are a component of "Antoni A" which are the dense areas of schwannomas located between palisading spindle cells found
Verocay_body
Study of neural function
discovered the myelin sheath. These cells, which cover the axons of the neurons in the brain, are named Schwann cells after him. In 1843 Carlo Matteucci
Neurophysiology
Nerve fiber part
slender projection of a nerve cell that conducts electrical impulses called action potentials away from the neuron's cell body to transmit those impulses
Axon_terminal
Eukaryotic cell with multiple nuclei
A multinucleate cell (also known as multinucleated cell or polynuclear cell) is a eukaryotic cell that has more than one nucleus, i.e., multiple nuclei
Multinucleate_cell
American neuroscientist (1931–2024)
School of Medicine. In particular, she focused on researching Schwann cells, which are cells that wrap around the axon of neurons to form the myelin sheath
Mary_Bartlett_Bunge
Type of brain cell
"Transmitter release increases intracellular calcium in perisynaptic Schwann cells in situ". Neuron. 8 (6): 1069–77. doi:10.1016/0896-6273(92)90128-Z.
Astrocyte
Chemical compound found in all domains of life with largely unexplored effects
Varela-Rey, Marta (2014). "S-Adenosylmethionine Levels Regulate the Schwann Cell DNA Methylome". Neuron. 81 (5): 1024–1039. doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2014
S-Adenosyl_methionine
Cell membrane of an axon
between the neuron and it's Schwann Cells. These signals control the proliferative and myelin-producing functions of the Schwann Cells, and also partly play
Axolemma
Renewal or physiological repair of damaged nerve tissue
factors secreted from Schwann cells. Injury to the peripheral nervous system immediately elicits the migration of phagocytes, Schwann cells, and macrophages
Neuroregeneration
American medical professor
(2011) Mesenchymal stem cells facilitate axon sorting, myelination, and functional recovery in paralyzed mice deficient in Schwann cell-derived laminin (2010)
Prabhjot_Singh_(physician)
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
It is thought to mediate the attachment, migration, and organization of cells into tissues during embryonic development by interacting with other extracellular
Laminin_subunit_alpha-2
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