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Fatty substance insulating nerve cell axons
Myelin (/ˈmaɪ.əlɪn/ MY-ə-lin) is a lipid-rich material that in most vertebrates surrounds the axons of neurons to insulate them and increase the rate at
Myelin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Myelin protein zero (MPZ), also Myelin protein P0, is a single membrane glycoprotein which in humans is encoded by the MPZ gene. P0 is a major structural
Myelin_protein_zero
Protein family
Myelin basic protein (MBP) is a protein important in the process of myelination of nerves in the nervous system. The myelin sheath is a multi-layered
Myelin_basic_protein
Long projection on a neuron that conducts signals to other neurons
the myelin sheath of a myelinated axon. Oligodendrocytes form the insulating myelin in the CNS. Along myelinated nerve fibers, gaps in the myelin sheath
Axon
Formation of myelin sheaths in the nervous system
Myelination, or myelinogenesis, is the formation and development of myelin sheaths in the nervous system, typically initiated in late prenatal neurodevelopment
Myelination
Small pockets of cytoplasm
Myelin incisures (also known as Schmidt-Lanterman clefts, Schmidt-Lanterman incisures, clefts of Schmidt-Lanterman, segments of Lanterman, medullary segments)
Myelin_incisure
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
Myelin regulatory factor (MRF), Myelin gene regulatory factor, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYRF gene. Myelin regulatory factor is encoded
Myelin_regulatory_factor
Neural cell type
oligodendroglia, are a type of neuroglia whose main function is to provide the myelin sheath to neuronal axons in the central nervous system (CNS). Myelination
Oligodendrocyte
Support-cells in the nervous system
form myelin, and provide support and protection for neurons. In the central nervous system, glial cells include oligodendrocytes (that produce myelin), astrocytes
Glia
Neuromuscular disease
of nerve cells' axons (responsible for transmitting signals) and their myelin sheaths (which insulate and accelerate signal transmission). When these
Charcot–Marie–Tooth_disease
Glial cell type
Schwann cells wrap around axons of motor and sensory neurons to form the myelin sheath. The Schwann cell promoter is present in the downstream region of
Schwann_cell
Natural partial recreation of myelin sheaths in the brain
oligodendrocyte precursor cells to form oligodendrocytes to create new myelin sheaths on demyelinated axons in the Central nervous system (CNS). This
Remyelination
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is a glycoprotein believed to be important in the myelination of nerves in the central nervous system (CNS).
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein
Myelin_oligodendrocyte_glycoprotein
Inflammatory demyelinating disease
MOG (myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein) antibody disease (MOGAD) or MOG antibody-associated encephalomyelitis (MOG-EM) is an inflammatory demyelinating
MOG_antibody_disease
Line of stem cells for research
A myelinoid or myelin organoid is a three dimensional in vitro cultured model derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) that represents various
Myelinoid
Gaps between myelin sheaths on the axon of a neuron
Nodes of Ranvier (/ˈrɑːn.vi.eɪ/, RAHN-vee-ay), also known as myelin-sheath gaps, occur along a myelinated axon where the axolemma is exposed to the extracellular
Node_of_Ranvier
Biological process of axonal degeneration
continue to clear up the myelin debris by degrading their own myelin, phagocytose extracellular myelin and attract macrophages to myelin debris for further
Wallerian_degeneration
Medical research and advocacy organization
The Myelin Project was a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization established in 1989 by Augusto Odone and his wife, Michaela and their friend Patti Chapman. Their
The_Myelin_Project
Any neurological disease in which the myelin sheath of neurons is damaged
demyelinating disease refers to any disease affecting the nervous system where the myelin sheath surrounding neurons is damaged. This damage disrupts the transmission
Demyelinating_disease
Class of enzymes
ADAM10 endopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.81, Kuzbanian protein, myelin-associated disintegrin metalloproteinase) is an enzyme. This enzyme catalyses the following
ADAM10_endopeptidase
Areas of myelinated axons in the brain
for its relatively light appearance resulting from the lipid content of myelin. Its white color in prepared specimens is due to its usual preservation
White_matter
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), or Siglec-4 is a type 1 transmembrane protein, a glycoprotein localized in periaxonal Schwann cell and oligodendrocyte
Myelin-associated glycoprotein
Myelin-associated_glycoprotein
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Peripheral myelin protein 22 (PMP22), also called Growth arrest-specific protein 3 (GAS-3), is a protein which in humans is encoded by the PMP22 gene.
Peripheral_myelin_protein_22
Damage to nervous tissue
the myelin sheath occurs, disrupting salatory conduction and disrupting the propagation of impulses along the nodes of Ranvier. Damage to myelin can slow
Nerve_injury
Medical condition
the gene PMP22, which makes peripheral myelin protein 22. This protein has a role in the maintenance of the myelin sheath that insulates nerves, resulting
Hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsy
Hereditary_neuropathy_with_liability_to_pressure_palsy
Complex of different phospholipids and proteins
alveolar lining fluid, where the surfactant forms a meshwork of tubular myelin Full term infants are estimated to have an alveolar storage pool of approximately
Pulmonary_surfactant
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Myelin and lymphocyte protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MAL gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a highly hydrophobic integral
Myelin_and_lymphocyte_protein
Type of amino acid
precursor of ketone bodies and myelin, particularly during early childhood, when the developing brain requires high rates of myelin synthesis. This is in contrast
Ketogenic_amino_acid
Family members of Lorenzo Odone
continued to raise funds and drive the scientific task force known as The Myelin Project until his death. Michaela Odone battled lung cancer for some time
Augusto, Michaela, and Lorenzo Odone
Augusto,_Michaela,_and_Lorenzo_Odone
Disease that damages the myelin sheaths around nerves
sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease where the immune system attacks myelin, the insulating cover of nerve cells in the human body, causing damage to
Multiple_sclerosis
Protein family
Myelin proteolipid protein (PLP or lipophilin) is the major myelin protein from the central nervous system (CNS). It plays an important role in the formation
Myelin_proteolipid_protein
Protein-coding gene in humans
Myelin P2 protein also peripheral myelin protein 2, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PMP2 gene. Myelin protein P2 is a constituent of peripheral
Myelin_P2_protein
Propagation of action potentials along the myelinated axons of neurons
Dendrite Soma Axon Nucleus Node of Ranvier Axon terminal Schwann cell Myelin sheath In neuroscience, saltatory conduction (from Latin saltus 'leap, jump')
Saltatory_conduction
Italian neuroscientist
School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. Casaccia is a pioneer in the study of myelin. Her research focuses on understanding the neurobiological and neuroimmune
Patrizia_Casaccia
Stain used in biology
abbreviated LFB stain or simply LFB, is a commonly used stain to observe myelin under light microscopy, first developed by Heinrich Klüver and Elizabeth
Luxol_fast_blue_stain
Medical condition
problems in both sensory and motor function. Specifically, antibodies against myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) damage Schwann cells. While the disorder occurs
Anti-MAG peripheral neuropathy
Anti-MAG_peripheral_neuropathy
Argentine entrepreneur and diplomat
CEO and chairman. In 2020, Oxenford joined a venture capital fund called Myelin VC, which focuses on North America, Europe, and Latin American region. On
Alec_Oxenford
Group of disorders characterised by degeneration of white matter in the brain
by imperfect growth or development of the glial cells which produce the myelin sheath, the fatty insulating covering around nerve fibers. Leukodystrophies
Leukodystrophy
Term to describe all brain white-matter diseases
underlying metabolic defect, and they include the leukodystrophies when myelin growth is the underlying problem. The acquired demyelinating diseases are
Leukoencephalopathy
X-linked leukodystrophy
proteolipid protein 1 (PLP1), a major myelin protein. It is characterized by a decrease in the amount of insulating myelin surrounding the nerves (hypomyelination)
Pelizaeus–Merzbacher_disease
American medical research institute
The Myelin Repair Foundation (MRF) is a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit organization based in Saratoga, California. The organization applies a collaborative business
Myelin_Repair_Foundation
Mixture of modified vegetable oils used in treating adrenoleukodystrophy
invention of the oil. The royalties received by Augusto were paid to The Myelin Project which he and Michaela founded to further research treatments for
Lorenzo's_oil
Neurodegenerative disorder
referred to as leukodystrophies. It is characterized by degeneration of myelin in the phospholipid layer insulating the axon of a neuron and is associated
Canavan_disease
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Myelin transcription factor 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYT1 gene. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of a family of neural
MYT1
Type of myelin-associated protein
Proteolipid protein 1 (PLP1) is a form of myelin proteolipid protein (PLP). Mutations in PLP1 are associated with Pelizaeus–Merzbacher disease. It is a
Proteolipid_protein_1
Speed at which an electrochemical impulse propagates down a neural pathway
syndrome (GBS) is a peripheral neuropathy involving the degeneration of myelin sheathing and/or nerves that innervate the head, body, and limbs. This degeneration
Nerve_conduction_velocity
American chemist
a biochemist and neuroscientist known for purifying and characterizing myelin basic protein (MBP), investigating its potential role in the neurodegenerative
Elizabeth_Roboz_Einstein
Class of enzymes
enzymology, a [myelin-proteolipid] O-palmitoyltransferase (EC 2.3.1.100) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction palmitoyl-CoA + [myelin proteolipid]
(myelin-proteolipid) O-palmitoyltransferase
(myelin-proteolipid)_O-palmitoyltransferase
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Oligodendrocyte-myelin glycoprotein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OMG gene. Oligodendrocyte Myelin Glycoprotein GRCm38: Ensembl release
Oligodendrocyte-myelin glycoprotein
Oligodendrocyte-myelin_glycoprotein
Neurological pain disorder
depression. The exact cause is unknown, but believed to involve loss of the myelin of the trigeminal nerve. This might occur due to nerve compression from
Trigeminal_neuralgia
membrane to the compact myelin sheath. The inner mesaxon (Terminologia histologica: Mesaxon internum) is the connection between the myelin sheath and the inner
Mesaxon
Disease pathology and physiology
demyelination has occurred, the degraded myelin sheath components, such as myelin basic proteins and Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoproteins, are then used
Pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis
Pathophysiology_of_multiple_sclerosis
Swiss neurobiologist
(born 23 June 1962 in Basel) is a Swiss neurobiologist with a focus on myelin. She is research group leader at the Department of Research (DBM) and lecturer
Nicole_Schaeren-Wiemers
separates the CNS and PNS, there is a transition from Schwann cell myelin to oligodendrocyte myelin. In cranial nerves this is often the place of neuro-vascular
Redlich–Obersteiner's_zone
Renewal or physiological repair of damaged nerve tissue
Neuroregenerative mechanisms may include generation of new neurons, glia, axons, myelin, or synapses. Neuroregeneration differs between the peripheral nervous system
Neuroregeneration
barrier and spermatogenesis. PMP22/gas-3, called peripheral myelin protein, is located in the myelin sheath. The expression of this protein is associated with
Tight_junction_proteins
Inflammation of the entire cross-section of the spinal cord
infections, immune system disorders, or damage to nerve fibers, by loss of myelin. As opposed to leukomyelitis which affects only the white matter, it affects
Transverse_myelitis
Class of compounds
are found in the myelin sheath, one fifth of them are sulfatide. Sulfatide is primarily found on the extracellular leaflet of the myelin plasma membrane
Sulfatide
Class of enzymes
[myelin basic protein]-arginine N-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.126) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction S-adenosyl-L-methionine + [myelin
(Myelin basic protein)-arginine N-methyltransferase
(Myelin_basic_protein)-arginine_N-methyltransferase
White matter tract connecting the two cerebral hemispheres
regions they connect. Myelination is the process of coating neurons with myelin, which helps the transfer of information between neurons. The process is
Corpus_callosum
Scheme developed by Seddon and Sunderland
caused by focal demyelination or ischemia, and is a result of damage to the myelin sheath of the nerves. With this injury, the connective tissue structures
Nerve_injury_classification
Neuron communication by electric impulses
protrusion traveling away from the soma. The axon is insulated by a myelin sheath. Myelin is composed of either Schwann cells (in the peripheral nervous system)
Action_potential
Portion of a brain cell containing its nucleus
Dendrite Soma Axon Nucleus Node of Ranvier Axon terminal Schwann cell Myelin sheath In cellular neuroscience, the soma (pl.: somata or somas; from Greek
Soma_(biology)
Medication
acids found in myelin basic protein, namely glutamic acid, lysine, alanine, and tyrosine. Myelin basic protein is the antigen in the myelin sheaths of the
Glatiramer_acetate
Pharmaceutical compound
Ascending Dose Trial of Lucid-21-302 (Lucid-MS) in Healthy Volunteers: A Novel Myelin Protective Small Molecule to Prevent Disease Progression in Multiple Sclerosis
Lucid-MS
Layer present on Schwann cells of CNS neurons
fiber in the peripheral nervous system. The neurilemma is underlain by the myelin sheath (also known as the medullary sheath). In the central nervous system
Neurilemma
Cable-like bundle of axons
other supportive cells such as some Schwann cells that coat the axons in myelin. Each axon is surrounded by a layer of connective tissue called the endoneurium
Nerve
Inflammation of the spinal cord
of the body to the brain. Inflammation in the spinal cord can cause the myelin and axon to be damaged resulting in symptoms such as paralysis and sensory
Myelitis
Class of chemical compounds
is a marker for oligodendrocytes in the brain, whether or not they form myelin. α-Galactosylceramides are immunomodulatory and prevents or reduces autoimmune
Galactosylceramide
Antibody in molecular biology and neuroscience
Rat hippocampus stained with antibody to NeuN/Fox-3 (green), myelin basic protein (red) and DNA (blue). Antibodies and image courtesy of EnCor Biotechnology
NeuN
American developmental biologist
brain organoids containing human myelin, called oligocortical spheroids. Tesar identified drugs that stimulate myelin regeneration and reverse paralysis
Paul_J._Tesar
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Myelin transcription factor 1 like is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYT1L gene. This gene encodes a member of the zinc finger superfamily
MYT1L
Maturational stage in the lifespan of an organism
myelination. Myelin sheaths are formed by oligodendrocytes in the CNS that wrap around segments of axons to increase their firing speed. Myelin is formed
Critical_period
Inflammation of the optic nerve
neuromyelitis optica (NMO) / neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-antibody-associated disease (MOGAD). Other
Optic_neuritis
Neurodegenerative disorder
disorders known as leukodystrophies, where the growth and maintenance of myelin sheath in the central nervous system (CNS) are impaired. There are three
Spongy degeneration of the central nervous system
Spongy_degeneration_of_the_central_nervous_system
Medical condition
environmental circumstances. It occurs when the myelin sheath of the nerve cells becomes damaged. As the myelin sheath is responsible for protecting the nerves
Cerebellar_degeneration
Type of allergic reaction
other immune cells, inflammation Multiple sclerosis Myelin antigens (e.g., myelin basic protein) Myelin destruction, inflammation Rheumatoid arthritis Possibly
Type_IV_hypersensitivity
Type of nerve damage in the brainstem
myelinolysis (CPM) is a neurological condition involving severe damage to the myelin sheath of nerve cells in the pons (an area of the brainstem). It is predominantly
Central_pontine_myelinolysis
Sheath around nerve fasciculi
perineurium is composed of fibroblasts. In the peripheral nervous system, the myelin sheath of each axon in a nerve is wrapped in a delicate protective sheath
Perineurium
Part of the brain at the back of the head
called striate cortex because it can be identified by a large stripe of myelin, the stria of Gennari. Visually driven regions outside V1 are called extrastriate
Occipital_lobe
Class of jawed cartilaginous fish
with the forebrain not greatly enlarged. The structure and formation of myelin in their nervous systems are nearly identical to that of tetrapods, which
Chondrichthyes
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
encoded by the TPPP gene. This protein has been linked to multiple sclerosis myelin lesions and CSF abnormalities in multiple sclerosis patients. This has also
TPPP
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Myelin expression factor 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYEF2 gene. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000027201 – Ensembl, May 2017
MYEF2
Progressive neurodegenerative disease
According to one theory, dysfunction of oligodendrocytes and their associated myelin during aging contributes to axon damage, which in turn generates amyloid
Alzheimer's_disease
Benign tumor composed of nerve tissue
different types of nervous tissue, including the nerve fibers and their myelin sheath, as in the case of genuine neoplasms (growths) like ganglioneuromas
Neuroma
Type of neurofibromatosis disease
biopsied or resected. They may represent a focally degenerative bit of myelin.[citation needed] Within the CNS, NF-1 manifests as a weakness of the dura
Neurofibromatosis_type_I
Main component of the nervous system
healthy CNS. Oligodendrocytes: CNS cells with very few processes. They form myelin sheaths on the axons of a neuron, which are lipid-based insulation that
Nervous_tissue
Medical condition
mutation in the genes encoding proteins necessary for the functioning of the myelin sheath, which impacts the conductance of nerve signals and results in loss
Roussy–Lévy_syndrome
Medical condition
sphingolipids. Leukodystrophies affect the growth and/or development of myelin, the fatty covering that acts as an insulator around nerve fibers throughout
Metachromatic_leukodystrophy
Autoimmune disease
immune system mistakenly attacks the peripheral nerves and damages their myelin insulation. Sometimes this immune dysfunction is triggered by a viral infection
Guillain–Barré_syndrome
Lipid classification
largest single component of the myelin sheath of nerves. Cerebroside synthesis can therefore give a measurement of myelin formation or remyelination. The
Cerebroside
Primary cell of the nervous system
process characterized by the gradual loss of the myelin sheath enveloping nerve fibers. When myelin deteriorates, signal conduction along nerves can be
Neuron
Areas of neuronal cell bodies in the brain
myelinated axons. The colour difference arises mainly from the whiteness of myelin. In living tissue, grey matter actually has a very light grey colour with
Grey_matter
Disease affecting humans
associated encephalitis with seizures (FLAMES) is a clinical sub entity of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody associated disease. It is a rare condition
FLAMES_(medicine)
Connection formed between neurons that allows neurotransmission
have myelin sheaths, then the pathway appears bright white because myelin is primarily lipid.[citation needed] If most or all of the axons lack myelin sheaths
Neural_pathway
Class of chemical compounds
sphingolipid found in animal cell membranes, especially in the membranous myelin sheath that surrounds some nerve cell axons. It usually consists of phosphocholine
Sphingomyelin
Medical condition
autoimmune disease causes the myelin sheath to deteriorate since the sense of recognition of self is lost. The loss of the myelin insulation either disrupts
CNS demyelinating autoimmune diseases
CNS_demyelinating_autoimmune_diseases
Autoimmune disease
also attacks the nerves of the central nervous system and damages their myelin insulation, which, as a result, destroys the white matter. The cause is
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
Acute_disseminated_encephalomyelitis
Diagnostic test for nerve function
condition where the protective myelin sheath of the nerve is damaged, but the axon of the nerve is not. The destruction of the myelin’s insulation properties disrupts
Nerve_conduction_study
1992 drama film directed by George Miller
myelin sheath (a lipid insulator) around the nerves, and Augusto is shown taking on the new challenge of organizing biomedical efforts to heal myelin
Lorenzo's_Oil
MYELIN
MYELIN
MYELIN
MYELIN
Boy/Male
Tamil
Parbrahm | பாரபà¯à®°à®¹à¯à®®
The supreme spirit
Boy/Male
Tamil
Krishdeep | கà¯à®°à¯€à®·à¯à®¤à¯€à®ªÂ
Light of Lord Krishna
Girl/Female
Muslim
Beautiful
Girl/Female
Hindu
Ganga the river
Girl/Female
Hindu
The divine night (Wife of Indra)
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from Lichfield in Staffordshire. The first element preserves a British name recorded as Letocetum during the Romano-British period. This means ‘gray wood’, from words which are the ancestors of Welsh llŵyd ‘gray’ and coed ‘wood’. By the Old English period this had been reduced to Licced, and the element feld ‘pasture’, ‘open country’ was added to describe a patch of cleared land within the ancient wood.English : habitational name from Litchfield in Hampshire, recorded in Domesday Book as Liveselle. This is probably from an Old English hlīf ‘shelter’ + Old English scylf ‘shelf’, ‘ledge’. The subsequent transformation of the place name may be the result of folk etymological association with Old English hlið, hlid ‘slope’ + feld ‘open country’.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Jagadeeswaran | ஜகதிஸà¯à®µà®°à®£Â
God
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Earthly
Boy/Male
Christian, Greek, Gujarati, Hebrew, Indian, Latin
Greece
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Mother of Lord Mahavir; 24th Jain Tirthankar
MYELIN
MYELIN
MYELIN
MYELIN
MYELIN
n.
One of a group of phosphorized principles occurring in nerve tissue, both in the brain and nerve fibers.
n.
A substance, present in the protoplasm of the retinal epithelium cells, and resembling, if not identical with, the substance (myelin) forming the medullary sheaths of nerve fibers.
n.
A soft white substance constituting the medullary sheats of nerve fibers, and composed mainly of cholesterin, lecithin, cerebrin, albumin, and some fat.