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Mathematical question in algebraic geometry
In mathematics, the Schottky problem, named after Friedrich Schottky, is a classical question of algebraic geometry, asking for a characterisation of Jacobian
Schottky_problem
German mathematician
and Schottky's theorem. Friedrich Hermann Schottky was born in Breslau, Germany (now Wrocław, Poland). His father, Dr. Hermann Friedrich Schottky, was
Friedrich_Schottky
Semiconductor diode
The Schottky diode (named after the German physicist Walter Schottky), also known as Schottky barrier diode or hot-carrier diode, is a semiconductor diode
Schottky_diode
Form of differential geometry
the most striking applications of systoles is in the context of the Schottky problem, by P. Buser and P. Sarnak, who distinguished the Jacobians of Riemann
Systolic_geometry
Japanese mathematician
University. In 1986, he proved Novikov's conjecture about the Riemann–Schottky problem by characterization of Jacobian varieties. Shiota obtained his doctorate
Takahiro_Shiota
American mathematician
his achievements in classical algebraic geometry are his work on the Schottky problem and generalizing the Torelli theorem. He is a fellow of the American
Ron_Donagi
French mathematician (born 1959)
Institut Universitaire de France. His areas of research include the Schottky problem, problems of Torelli type, Fano varieties, and Prym varieties. Debarre has
Olivier_Debarre
covering of a Riemann surface, and was used by F. Schottky and H. W. E. Jung in relation with the Schottky problem, as it is now called, of characterising Jacobian
Prym_variety
French mathematician (born 1947)
University in 1977, with a thesis regarding Prym varieties and the Schottky problem, under supervision of Jean-Louis Verdier. He has been a professor at
Arnaud_Beauville
Friedrich Schottky finds a non-trivial condition on the theta constants for curves of genus g = 4 {\displaystyle g=4} , launching the Schottky problem. 1891
Timeline_of_abelian_varieties
Space of complex matrices with positive definite imaginary part
{\displaystyle g\geq 4} ; determining which points arise in this way is the Schottky problem. The assignment sending a smooth projective complex curve C {\displaystyle
Siegel_upper_half-space
Russian physicist (1928–1998)
by Vladimir Zakharov and Alexei Shabat [de], which helped solve the Schottky problem. Kadomtsev graduated from Moscow State University in 1951. He then
Boris_Kadomtsev
Type of electrical junction
external circuitry. Occasionally, however, a Schottky barrier is useful, as in Schottky diodes, Schottky transistors, and metal–semiconductor field effect
Metal–semiconductor_junction
Term in mathematics
complex curve is determined by its Jacobian (with its polarization). The Schottky problem asks which principally polarized abelian varieties are the Jacobians
Jacobian_variety
Device that prevents a transistor from saturating
A Schottky transistor is a combination of a transistor and a Schottky diode that prevents the transistor from saturating by diverting the excessive input
Schottky_transistor
Projective variety that is also an algebraic group
principally polarised abelian varieties are Jacobians of curves; see the Schottky problem. A polarisation induces a Rosati involution on the endomorphism ring
Abelian_variety
used to construct an intersection theory of Deligne–Mumford stacks Schottky problem Siegel modular variety Moduli stack of elliptic curves Moduli of algebraic
Moduli_of_abelian_varieties
Soviet and Russian mathematician (1938–2024)
theory of theta functions. Novikov's conjecture about the Riemann–Schottky problem (characterizing principally polarized abelian varieties that are the
Sergei Novikov (mathematician)
Sergei_Novikov_(mathematician)
PDE to describe nonlinear wave motion
mean-field equation of Davey–Stewartson type. Novikov–Veselov equation Schottky problem Dispersionless KP equation Zakharov, V. E. (1975). "Instability and
Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation
Kadomtsev–Petviashvili_equation
Two-terminal electronic component
that of other diodes. Schottky diodes are majority carrier devices and so do not suffer from minority carrier storage problems that slow down many other
Diode
British mathematician
conjecture; canonical models of moduli spaces of abelian varieties; the Schottky problem at the boundary; the relation between algebraic groups and del Pezzo
Nicholas_Shepherd-Barron
physics, Strategies for sequential search and selection in real time, Schottky problems, and Logic, fields, and subanalytic sets. import numpy as np from
Robbins'_problem
Egyptian engineer (1924–2009)
in metal–semiconductor junction and Schottky barriers resulted, as it overcame most of the fabrication problems inherent in point-contact diodes and
Mohamed_M._Atalla
24 mathematical problems stated in 1982
Thurston's 24 questions are a set of mathematical problems in differential geometry posed by American mathematician William Thurston in his influential
Thurston's_24_questions
Either of two concepts in computer engineering
physicist Walter H. Schottky formulated a theory predicting the Schottky effect, which led to the Schottky diode and later Schottky transistors. For the
Logic_family
Solid-state electrically operated switch also used as an amplifier
commonly known as a Schottky diode. This is included in the table because some silicon power IGFETs have a parasitic reverse Schottky diode formed between
Transistor
Topics referred to by the same term
code SBD Savings Bank of Danbury, a bank headquartered in Connecticut Schottky barrier diode Seaboard System Railroad, reporting mark SBD Secure by design
SBD
Model in solid-state physics
On theoretical grounds, the Poole–Frenkel effect is comparable to the Schottky effect, which is the lowering of the metal-insulator energy barrier due
Poole–Frenkel_effect
Approach to mathematics using computation
others investigated various properties of Möbius transformation and the Schottky group using computer generated images of the groups which: furnished convincing
Experimental_mathematics
American electrical engineer and inventor (1931–2022)
include the first infrared light-emitting diode (LED), the optical isolator, Schottky clamped logic circuits, silicon metal–oxide–semiconductor read-only memory
James_R._Biard
German philosopher (1874–1945)
Philosophy under Hermann Cohen and Paul Natorp and Mathematics under Friedrich Schottky. In 1899 he graduated with a dissertation on René Descartes's analysis
Ernst_Cassirer
Emission of electrons induced by an electrostatic field
electron states close to the emitter Fermi level. (By contrast, in the Schottky emission regime, most electrons escape over the top of a field-reduced
Field_electron_emission
Diode that emits light from an organic compound
development of conjugated polymers would allow others to largely eliminate these problems. His contribution has often been overlooked due to the secrecy NPL imposed
OLED
Signal with equal energy per octave
1017/S1464793101005607. PMID 11396846. S2CID 14973015. Johnson, J. B. (1925). "The Schottky effect in low frequency circuits". Physical Review. 26 (1): 71–85. Bibcode:1925PhRv
Pink_noise
Type of electronic noise
"The Schottky effect in low frequency circuits". Physical Review. 26 (1): 71–85. Bibcode:1925PhRv...26...71J. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.26.71. Schottky, W. (1918)
Flicker_noise
Electrical engineering equation
{\displaystyle I_{\text{S}}} using a recent model for 2D materials based Schottky diode. McAllister, Willy (2022-11-14). "Diode equation". Spinning Numbers
Shockley_diode_equation
Power supply with switching regulator
or so, ordinary silicon diodes are commonly used. For lower voltages, Schottky diodes are commonly used as the rectifier elements; they have the advantages
Switched-mode_power_supply
German mathematician (1882–1957)
von Reihen bei der Annäherung an die Konvergenzgrenze, was supervised by Schottky and Frobenius; he received his PhD in 1907. Knopp traveled widely in Asia
Konrad_Knopp
Semiconductor light source
small amount of green light, provided by another LED, could correct the problem. Some products are RGBWW, i.e. RGBW with tunable white. A final class of
Light-emitting_diode
Array of logic gates that are reprogrammable
RGB inputs; MIPI, RGB and LVDS outputs. An FPGA can be used to solve any problem that is computable. FPGAs can be used to implement a soft microprocessor
Field-programmable_gate_array
Type of transistor
SB-FET (Schottky-barrier field-effect transistor) is a field-effect transistor with metallic source and drain contact electrodes, which create Schottky barriers
Field-effect_transistor
Ancient royal dynasty state
"Medes – Livius". Labat 1961, p. 7. Rollinger, Robert; Wiesehöfer, Josef; Schottky, Martin (2011-12-01), "VII. Iranian Empires and their vassal states", Brill’s
Median_dynasty
Central computer component that executes instructions
significant speed advantages afforded generally outweighed the reliability problems. Most of these early synchronous CPUs ran at low clock rates compared to
Central_processing_unit
Russian mathematician (born 1950)
Noether–Enriques–Petri theorem, which later allowed him to solve a Schottky-type problem for the polarized Prym varieties, and to prove the existence of
Vyacheslav_Shokurov
Failure mode in MOSFET circuits
S.; Retzler, J.P.; Messenger, G.C. (December 1978). "High Temperature Schottky TTL latch-up". IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. 25 (6): 1538–44. Bibcode:1978ITNS
Latch-up
Electronic component that exploits the electronic properties of semiconductor materials
Laser diode Light-emitting diode (LED) Photocell Phototransistor PIN diode Schottky diode Solar cell Transient-voltage-suppression diode Tunnel diode VCSEL
Semiconductor_device
Polish-German mathematician (1878–1933)
equations written under the supervision of Hermann Schwarz and Friedrich Schottky. From 1902 he worked as an electrical engineer for Siemens & Halske; then
Leon_Lichtenstein
Device without any wire leads; vertical metal faces are used instead
high-performing film resistors (PDF), Vishay Intertechnology, 2010, retrieved 2014-04-15 Sensitron MELF Schottky Diode Vishay MELF resistors Vishay MELF rectifiers
Metal_electrode_leadless_face
8-bit microprocessor
product in March 1974. It was released a month later as requiring Low-power Schottky TTL (LS TTL) devices. The 8080A fixed this flaw. Intel offered an instruction
Intel_8080
Calculation technique for classical electrostatics
portal Flux Gaussian surface Image antenna Surface equivalence principle Schottky effect Griffiths, David J. (2013). Introduction to Electrodynamics (4th
Method_of_image_charges
Devices that measure magnetic field strength using the Hall effect
can hinder accurate measurements of small magnetic fields. To solve this problem, Hall sensors are often integrated with magnetic shielding of some kind
Hall-effect_sensor
Electronic circuit that charges capacitors
multiple stages. A typical Schottky diode, on the other hand, might have an on state voltage of 0.3 V. A doubler using this Schottky diode will result in a
Voltage_doubler
Vacuum tube used to display images
cutoff voltage becomes higher. Monochrome CRTs do not suffer from this problem. In monochrome CRTs video is fed to the gun by varying the voltage on the
Cathode_ray_tube
Field-effect transistor made from carbon nanotubes
in a Schottky barrier at the source and drain, which are made of metals like silver, titanium, palladium and aluminum. Even though like Schottky barrier
Carbon nanotube field-effect transistor
Carbon_nanotube_field-effect_transistor
Integrated circuit customized for a specific task
tools to complete the implementation of their designs. A solution to this problem, which also yielded a much higher density device, was the implementation
Application-specific integrated circuit
Application-specific_integrated_circuit
Device that controls current between electrodes
the stability problems of the triode as a radio frequency amplifier due to grid-to-plate capacitance, the physicist Walter H. Schottky invented the tetrode
Vacuum_tube
Area of physical and philosophical debate
Time-symmetric interpretations of quantum mechanics were first suggested by Walter Schottky in 1921. Several theories have been proposed that modify the equations
Interpretations of quantum mechanics
Interpretations_of_quantum_mechanics
Ancient state in West Asia
Wisconsin Pres. ISBN 978-0-299-31090-5. Rollinger, Robert; Wiesehöfer, Josef; Schottky, Martin (2011-12-01). "VII. Iranian Empires and their vassal states". Brill's
Median_kingdom
Adages and sayings named after a person
is creating an algorithm that no one else can break". Schottky–Mott rule predicts the Schottky barrier height based on the vacuum work function of the
List of laws named after people
List_of_laws_named_after_people
Type of resistor, usually with three terminals
300 pages; 1975; ISBN 978-0070066908. (download) Potentiometer caution (Problems); Alpsalpine talks about some care with pots. (download) Contactless potentiometer;
Potentiometer
Quantum mechanical phenomenon
German term wellenmechanischer Tunneleffekt was used in 1931 by Walter Schottky. The English term tunnel effect entered the language in 1932 when it was
Quantum_tunnelling
Power semiconductor through-hole package
fixed and variable linear voltage regulator integrated circuits, and for Schottky diode pairs. Russian: КТ-28-2 Russian: КТ-28-1 TO-257 is a hermetically
TO-220
Device for generating microwaves
from pulse to pulse, a more difficult problem for a wider array of radar systems. Neither of these present a problem for continuous-wave radars, nor for
Cavity_magnetron
American multinational technology company
1969, was the 3101 Schottky TTL bipolar 64-bit static random-access memory (SRAM), which was nearly twice as fast as earlier Schottky diode implementations
Intel
Branch of electrochemistry
established by Yakov Frenkel, Walter Schottky and Carl Wagner, including the development of point-defect thermodynamics by Schottky and Wagner; this helped explain
Solid_state_ionics
Wide-bandgap semiconductor and abrasion-resistant ceramic
with resistance as low as 25 mΩ. Beside SiC switches and SiC Schottky diodes (also Schottky barrier diode, SBD) in the popular TO-247 and TO-220 packages
Silicon_carbide
Type of solid-state switch
superior switching characteristics like power MOSFETs or IGBTs. One major problem associated with SCRs is that they are not fully controllable switches.
Thyristor
German mathematician (1815–1897)
necessary condition for the existence of strong extrema of variational problems. He also helped devise the Weierstrass–Erdmann condition, which gives sufficient
Karl_Weierstrass
Type of electrode used in vacuum tubes
tube envelope and is cooled by radiation cooling, forced air or water. A problem in early vacuum tubes was secondary emission; electrons striking the plate
Plate_electrode
Theoretical Physicist
intensively used in simulations of quantum chromodynamics. Wegner won the Walter Schottky prize in 1976 for his work on phase transitions and elementary particles
Franz_Wegner
Light energy absorbance and re-emission
Sometimes atoms can move from place to place within the lattice, creating Schottky defects or Frenkel defects. Other defects can occur from impurities in
Phosphorescence
Chinese-American physicist
piezoelectric potential (piezopotential) can be produced. For a ZnO nanowire, the Schottky barrier height between the nanowire and its metal contact can be effectively
Zhong_Lin_Wang
Measure used in radio engineering and telecommunications
is rectified by either a point contact diode (crystal rectifier) or a Schottky barrier diode that is incorporated in the detector. These detectors have
Standing_wave_ratio
Electronics module
frequencies, lower losses, and smaller footprints. Hybrid modules pairing SiC Schottky barrier diodes with silicon IGBTs, and full SiC modules, demonstrate the
Power_module
Micro-electronic component
optimizing to minimize latency is an NP-complete problem equivalent to the Boolean satisfiability problem. For tasks running on processor cores, latency
System_on_a_chip
DC linear voltage regulator
may be preferable in order to reduce power consumption, yet this poses problems when the regulator is used for low input voltage, since FETs usually require
Low-dropout_regulator
German chemist (1901–1977)
he first became acquainted with Walter H. Schottky who asked him to co-author a book on thermodynamic problems. Together with Hermann Ulich they published
Carl_Wagner
German computer scientist and engineer (1910–1995)
Werner von Siemens Ring in 1964 (together with Fritz Leonhardt and Walter Schottky) Harry H. Goode Memorial Award in 1965 (together with George Stibitz) Wilhelm
Konrad_Zuse
German mathematician (1882–1945)
papers, representing major progress on the Twenty Second of Hilbert's Problems. Koebe was an extraordinary professor at Leipzig from 1910 to 1914, then
Paul_Koebe
Extinct nomadic people in Eurasia (4th–6th centuries)
Wright 2011, p. 60; Thompson 1996, p. 1; Schottky 2004; Sinor 1990, p. 178; Heather 2005, pp. 148–149. Schottky 2004; Sinor 1990, p. 200. Pohl 1999, pp
Huns
Nonlinear two-terminal fundamental circuit element
conduction. In 2012, Meuffels and Soni discussed some fundamental issues and problems in the realization of memristors. They indicated inadequacies in the electrochemical
Memristor
System designed to maintain a constant voltage
Zhiyang; Chen, Weidong (2020). "Analysis on the Reason of Low Voltage Problem and the Effectiveness of Voltage Regulation in a Distribution Area". IOP
Voltage_regulator
Emission of surface atoms through energetic particle bombardment
by damage-related interface gap states, resulting in the formation of Schottky-barrier impeding carrier transport. Sputter damage can also impair the
Sputtering
British theoretical physicist (1905–1996)
of serious calibration problems that caused the measurements to change as the antenna tracked its targets. He solved this problem by designing a large metal
Nevill_Mott
German philosopher (1762–1814)
und die hermetische Demokratie der Freimaurer." In: Hammacher, Klaus, Schottky, Richard, Schrader, Wolfgang H. and Daniel Breazeale (eds.). Sozialphilosophie
Johann_Gottlieb_Fichte
Algebraic curve
guide to the local arithmetic of hyperelliptic curves Poor, Cris (1996). "Schottky's form and the hyperelliptic locus". Proceedings of the American Mathematical
Hyperelliptic_curve
German physicist (1858–1947)
Walther Meissner (1882–1974) 1907 Fritz Reiche (1883–1960) 1912 Walter Schottky (1886–1976) 1914 Walther Bothe (1891–1957) Thermodynamics, also known as
Max_Planck
Microwave relay system
travelling-wave tube. The receiver had far less noise, through the use of Schottky barrier diodes and tunnel diodes, allowing the number of telephone calls
TD-2
light spot. Various semiconductor structures, including p-n junctions, Schottky barriers, and metal-oxide-semiconductor structures have been utilized in
Position_sensitive_device
more than 10,000 transistors in a single IC. The first gallium-arsenide Schottky-gate field-effect transistor (MESFET) was made by Carver Mead and reported
History_of_the_transistor
Type of radio receiver
disclosure about seven months before Armstrong's. German inventor Walter H. Schottky also filed a related patent in 1918. At first the United States recognized
Superheterodyne_receiver
American multinational semiconductor company
including the Am9102 (a static N-channel 1024-bit RAM) and three low-power Schottky MSI circuits: Am25LS07, Am25LS08, and Am25LS09. Intel had created the first
AMD
Device that converts heat flux into electrical energy
operational principle is now understood to have been a very simple form of Schottky junction. The typical efficiency of TEGs is around 5–8%, although it can
Thermoelectric_generator
Electronic circuits that utilize digital signals
parasitic inductances and capacitances. Bad designs have intermittent problems such as glitches, vanishingly fast pulses that may trigger some logic but
Digital_electronics
Electrical circuit power converter
reduced by at least nVT due to the voltage drops across the switches. Schottky diodes are commonly used in Dickson multipliers for their low forward voltage
Voltage_multiplier
King of Armenia from 217 to 252
provisional." Garsoïan 1997, pp. 71–72, 82. Garsoïan 1997, p. 71. Wiesehöfer & Schottky 2006. Cassius Dio 77.12.1–2 and 21.1. Cited in Chaumont 1986. Cassius Dio
Tiridates_II_of_Armenia
Microprocessor I/O port controller IC
totem pole IRQ output that must be isolated from a wired-OR circuit by a Schottky diode, due to the fact that the totem pole output actively drives the IRQ
MOS_Technology_6522
Observation on the growth of integrated circuit capacity
Chau, R. (2009). "Logic performance evaluation and transport physics of Schottky-gate III–V compound semiconductor quantum well field effect transistors
Moore's_law
First model in the Apple II computer series
chips, the vast majority of the semiconductors used were 74LS low-power Schottky chips; Rather than use a complex analog-to-digital circuit to read the
Apple_II_(original)
siliconMOSFETs. Palladium is a high-work function metal that was shown to exhibit Schottky barrier-free contacts to semiconducting nanotubes with diameters >1.7 nm
Potential applications of carbon nanotubes
Potential_applications_of_carbon_nanotubes
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SCHOTTKY PROBLEM
SCHOTTKY PROBLEM
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SCHOTTKY PROBLEM
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SCHOTTKY PROBLEM
SCHOTTKY PROBLEM
SCHOTTKY PROBLEM
SCHOTTKY PROBLEM
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