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Naturally occurring variation in transistor attributes
Process variation is the naturally occurring variation in the attributes of transistors (length, widths, oxide thickness) when integrated circuits are
Process variation (semiconductor)
Process_variation_(semiconductor)
Manufacturing process used to create integrated circuits
Semiconductor device fabrication is the process used to manufacture semiconductor devices, typically integrated circuits (ICs) such as microprocessors
Semiconductor device fabrication
Semiconductor_device_fabrication
Variations of semiconductor layouts based on variations of fabrication processes
In semiconductor manufacturing, a process corner is an example of a design-of-experiments (DoE) technique that refers to a variation of fabrication parameters
Process_corners
Material of moderate electrical conductivity
a semiconductor junction. The term "semiconductors" is sometimes used to refer to semiconductor devices such as microchips and computer processors, which
Semiconductor
Tools for modelling chip fabrication
A process design kit (PDK) is a set of files used within the semiconductor industry to model a fabrication process for the design tools used to design
Process_design_kit
Creating an integrated circuit by combining many transistors into a single chip
integrated circuit (metal oxide semiconductor) chips were developed and then widely adopted, enabling complex semiconductor and telecommunications technologies
Very-large-scale_integration
Type of field-effect transistor
In electronics, the metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET, MOS-FET, MOS FET, or MOS transistor) is a type of field-effect transistor
MOSFET
Intentional introduction of impurities into an intrinsic semiconductor
In semiconductor production, doping is the intentional introduction of impurities into an intrinsic (undoped) semiconductor for the purpose of modulating
Doping_(semiconductor)
Substrate mapping (or wafer mapping) is a process in which the performance of semiconductor devices on a substrate is represented by a map showing the
Substrate_mapping
substance in the semiconductor, including metallization, chip material (list of semiconductor materials) and package. The problems of micro-processes, and thin
Reliability_(semiconductor)
Thin slice of semiconductor used for the fabrication of integrated circuits
electronics, a wafer (also called a slice or substrate) is a thin slice of semiconductor, such as a crystalline silicon (c-Si, silicium), used for the fabrication
Wafer_(electronics)
Semiconductor factory
TSMC Arizona is a semiconductor manufacturing complex in Phoenix, Arizona, United States built by TSMC. Its chip fabrication plants are the first built
TSMC_Arizona
Device measuring ionizing radiation
In ionizing radiation detection physics, a semiconductor detector is a device that uses a semiconductor (usually silicon or germanium) to measure the effect
Semiconductor_detector
Photolithographic tool
produce a pattern on a thin wafer of material (usually silicon). In semiconductor manufacturing, a mask is sometimes called a reticle. In photolithography
Photomask
insulator. Surface passivation, the process by which a semiconductor surface is rendered inert, and does not change semiconductor properties as a result of interaction
Invention of the integrated circuit
Invention_of_the_integrated_circuit
American semiconductor company
American semiconductor company formed in 2019 from the merger of Rudolph Technologies, Inc. and Nanometrics Incorporated. It is a provider of process and process
Onto_Innovation
Electric current generation from light
The photovoltaic effect is a physical phenomenon in which a semiconductor material generates electric energy upon being exposed to light. The photovoltaic
Photovoltaic_effect
Integrated circuit reliability metric
required performance specifications despite variations in the semiconductor fabrication process. In modern semiconductor manufacturing, yield has a direct influence
Yield_(metric)
Semiconductor laser
produced when the process is continued and further generates light with the same phase, coherence, and wavelength. The choice of the semiconductor material determines
Laser_diode
American multinational computational software company
specialized in electronic design automation (EDA) software for the semiconductor industry, currently the company makes software and hardware for designing
Cadence_Design_Systems
Chemical element with atomic number 14 (Si)
essential for several physiological and metabolic processes in plants. Silicon is widely used as a semiconductor material in various electrical devices such
Silicon
MOSFET technology node
In semiconductor manufacturing, the "7 nm" process is a term for the MOSFET technology node following the "10 nm" node, defined by the International Roadmap
7_nm_process
Method used to apply surface coatings
high-quality, and high-performance, solid materials. The process is often used in the semiconductor industry to produce electrically conductive layers in
Chemical_vapor_deposition
Algorithmic processing of digitally-represented images
metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) technology, invented at Bell Labs between 1955 and 1960, This led to the development of digital semiconductor image sensors
Digital_image_processing
Semiconductor–semiconductor junction
A p–n junction is a combination of two types of semiconductor materials, p-type and n-type, in a single crystal. The "n" (negative) side contains freely-moving
P–n_junction
Nano-scale semiconductor particles
Quantum dots (QDs) or semiconductor nanocrystals are semiconductor particles a few nanometres in size with optical and electronic properties that differ
Quantum_dot
Very small devices that incorporate moving components
deform over time. The fabrication of MEMS evolved from the process technology in semiconductor device fabrication, i.e. the basic techniques are deposition
MEMS
Designing products to facilitate manufacturing
how design and process variations impact yield, allowing for informed design modification. DFM is integrated throughout the semiconductor design flow: Design
Design_for_manufacturability
Process in microfabrication
process control. In 1957 Jules Andrus patented a photolithographic process for semiconductor fabrication, while working at Bell Labs. At the same time Moe
Photolithography
Engineering process for electronic hardware
Integrated circuit design, semiconductor design, chip design or IC design, is a sub-field of electronics engineering, encompassing the particular logic
Integrated_circuit_design
Business process improvement technique
results (e.g., by reducing process variation) are of vital importance to business success. Manufacturing and business processes have characteristics that
Six_Sigma
and MW power amplifier (PA) design, transistor characterization, semiconductor process development, and ruggedness analysis. A central theme of load-pull
Load_pull
Controlling or altering the band gap of a material
Band-gap engineering is the process of controlling or altering the band gap of a material. This is typically done to semiconductors by controlling the composition
Band-gap_engineering
Computer processor contained on an integrated-circuit chip
Integrated circuit processors are produced in large numbers by highly automated metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) fabrication processes, resulting in a relatively
Microprocessor
Research of materials
altered through intentionally introducing impurities in a process referred to as doping. Semiconductor materials are used to build diodes, transistors, light-emitting
Materials_science
Two-terminal electronic component
resistance in the other. A semiconductor diode, the most commonly used type today, is a crystalline piece of semiconductor material with a p–n junction
Diode
Light emission from substances after they absorb photons
as semiconductors or metals. A theoretical approach to handle this is given by the semiconductor luminescence equations. Photoluminescence processes can
Photoluminescence
Semiconductor light source
electronic component that uses a semiconductor to emit light when current flows through it. Electrons in the semiconductor recombine with electron holes
Light-emitting_diode
Verification stages of electronic designs that must pass before manufacture
During the late 1960s engineers at semiconductor companies like Intel used rubylith for the production of semiconductor lithography photomasks. Manually
Signoff (electronic design automation)
Signoff_(electronic_design_automation)
metal, semiconductor, and oxide crystals. Czochralski growth using a floating shaper known as a "coracle" was done for some III-V semiconductors prior
Shaping processes in crystal growth
Shaping_processes_in_crystal_growth
Categorizing products by quality
food or animal feed, or composted into fertilizer. Semiconductor manufacturing is an imprecise process, sometimes achieving as low as 30% yield. Defects
Product_binning
Controlled material removal, without the use of liquid substances
etching refers to the removal of material, typically a masked pattern of semiconductor material, by exposing the material to a bombardment of ions (usually
Dry_etching
Semiconductor company
RfD› Realtek Semiconductor Corp. (Chinese: 瑞昱半導體股份有限公司; pinyin: Ruìyù Bàndǎotǐ Gǔfèn Yǒuxiàn Gōngsī) is a Taiwanese fabless semiconductor company situated
Realtek
Fabrication at micrometre scales and smaller
for integrated circuit fabrication, also known as "semiconductor manufacturing" or "semiconductor device fabrication". In the last two decades, microelectromechanical
Microfabrication
Algorithmic approaches to improving resolution in photolithography
in 2008 when the semiconductor industry faced challenges associated with the transition to a 22 nanometer CMOS microfabrication process and has become instrumental
Computational_lithography
Mathematical descriptions of molecular diffusion
processes in semiconductor manufacturing (including CVD reactors) in early days, it often fails to validate the diffusion in advanced semiconductor nodes
Fick's_laws_of_diffusion
American software company
fabless semiconductor companies, OEMs, integrated semiconductor manufacturers, and universities. Process Simulation Victory Process – 2D/3D process simulator
Silvaco
Semiconductor Fabrication Technique
In semiconductor electronics fabrication technology, a self-aligned gate is a transistor manufacturing approach whereby the gate electrode of a MOSFET
Self-aligned_gate
(COF), a variation of COB, where a chip is mounted directly to a flex circuit. Tape-automated bonding process is also a chip-on-flex process as well.
List of electronic component packaging types
List_of_electronic_component_packaging_types
Integrated circuit customized for a specific task
link from the third-party design tools to the layout and actual semiconductor process performance characteristics of the various ASIC manufacturers. Most
Application-specific integrated circuit
Application-specific_integrated_circuit
Electrochemical processes involving photons and the emission or absorption of light
energy of another, energetic electron. Within a semiconductor crystal lattice, thermal excitation is a process where lattice vibrations provide enough energy
Photoelectrochemical_process
MOS field-effect transistor with more than one gate
multi-gate field-effect transistor (MuGFET) refers to a metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET) that has more than one gate on a single
Multigate_device
American multinational technology company
as central processing units (CPUs) and related products for business and consumer markets. Intel was the world's third-largest semiconductor chip manufacturer
Intel
Taiwanese fabless semiconductor company
abbreviated as MTK, is a Taiwanese fabless semiconductor company that designs and markets a range of semiconductor products, providing chips for wireless
MediaTek
Type of transistor in electronic equipment
December 2021. "BC548B: NPN Bipolar Transistor" (PDF). On Semiconductor. On Semiconductor. Retrieved 8 March 2016. Owen Bishop (10 September 2007). Robot
BC548
Power semiconductor through-hole package
NCV7805" (PDF). ON Semiconductor. Retrieved 24 May 2014. Yong Liu (2012). Power Electronic Packaging: Design, Assembly Process, Reliability and Modeling
TO-220
8-bit microprocessor
National Semiconductor's SC/MP (pronounced scamp) for Simple Cost-effective Micro Processor, is an early 8-bit microprocessor which became available in
National_Semiconductor_SC/MP
Type of computer memory
Fairchild Semiconductor. The first device was a 64-bit MOS p-channel SRAM. SRAM was the main driver behind any new CMOS-based technology fabrication process since
Static_random-access_memory
Device that emites acoustic radiation
SASERs to manipulate electrons inside semiconductors could theoretically result in terahertz-frequency computer processors, much faster than the current chips
Sound amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
Sound_amplification_by_stimulated_emission_of_radiation
IP protections for computer hardware
integrated circuit (IC or "chip"), i.e. the arrangement on a chip of semiconductor devices such as transistors and passive electronic components such as
Integrated circuit layout design protection
Integrated_circuit_layout_design_protection
International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) has highlighted interconnect scaling as a problem for the semiconductor industry. In electrical interconnects
Optical_interconnect
Helix Semiconductors, formerly Semitrex, is an Irvine, California-based fabless semiconductor company that designs chips for improved power management
Helix_Semiconductors
Use of ions to cause chemical changes
physical, chemical, or electrical properties. Ion implantation is used in semiconductor device fabrication and in metal finishing, as well as in materials science
Ion_implantation
Property of a field-effect transistor
technology node. Random dopant fluctuation (RDF) is a form of process variation resulting from variation in the implanted impurity concentration. In MOSFET transistors
Threshold_voltage
Defect imaging technique class
employ a laser to produce a thermal variation in a semiconductor device. This technique may be used for semiconductor failure analysis. There are four techniques
Thermal_laser_stimulation
Fluid used to maximize thermal contact
an interface between heat sinks and heat sources such as high-power semiconductor devices. The main role of thermal paste is to eliminate air gaps or
Thermal_paste
Lithography using 13.5 nm UV light
ultraviolet lithography (EUVL or simply EUV) is a technology used in the semiconductor industry for manufacturing integrated circuits (ICs). It is a type of
Extreme ultraviolet lithography
Extreme_ultraviolet_lithography
Crystal growth process relative to the substrate used as seed
silicon-based manufacturing processes for bipolar junction transistors (BJTs) and modern complementary metal–oxide–semiconductors (CMOS), but it is particularly
Epitaxy
Integrated circuit composed of several vertically stacked chips
three-dimensional integrated circuit (3D IC) is a MOS (metal-oxide semiconductor) integrated circuit (IC) manufactured by stacking as many as 16 or more
Three-dimensional integrated circuit
Three-dimensional_integrated_circuit
Type of semiconductor laser diode
type of semiconductor laser diode with laser beam emission perpendicular from the top surface, contrary to conventional edge-emitting semiconductor lasers
Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser
Vertical-cavity_surface-emitting_laser
How semiconductor lasers work
gas lasers or solid state lasers, the processes associated with optical gain are rather simple, in semiconductors this is a complex many-body problem of
Semiconductor_optical_gain
Audio amplifier with direct-coupled capacitorless output
point to process variations, although the last disadvantage is less important for older bipolar processes. LM4910 by National Semiconductor Lab tutorial
OCL_amplifier
Industrial activity producing goods for sale using labor and machines
producing and integrating components of a product. Some industries, such as semiconductor and steel manufacturers, use the term fabrication instead. The manufacturing
Manufacturing
Energy range in a solid where no electron states exist
engineering is the process of controlling or altering the band gap of a material by controlling the composition of certain semiconductor alloys, such as
Band_gap
Electrical device that converts AC to DC
copper and selenium oxide plates, semiconductor diodes, silicon-controlled rectifiers and other silicon-based semiconductor switches. Historically, even synchronous
Rectifier
American physicist (1910–1989)
jointly awarded the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics "for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect." Partly as a result of
William_Shockley
Optical technique for characterizing thin films
can be developed. In the case of semiconductor development where the material properties are unknown, this process can be used in reverse, and it is
Ellipsometry
Type of thermal sensor
fabrication process make it a promising candidate to implement contactless thermometer. Bolometer CMOS Infrared radiation MOSFET Semiconductor fabrication
T-MOS_thermal_sensor
Chemical compound
transition metal. WF6 is commonly used by the semiconductor industry to form tungsten films, through the process of chemical vapor deposition. This layer is
Tungsten_hexafluoride
Series of transistor–transistor logic integrated circuits
Instruments introduced the SN5400 series of logic chips, in a ceramic semiconductor package. A low-cost plastic package SN7400 series was introduced in
7400-series integrated circuits
7400-series_integrated_circuits
diffuse through the semiconductor, and that the electron and hole spins thereby experience a varying local magnetization and variations of spin precession
Motional_narrowing
8-bit microprocessor from 1975
the semiconductor industry. Also, many of the Mesa, Arizona employees were displeased with the upcoming relocation to Austin. Motorola's Semiconductor Products
MOS_Technology_6502
Semiconductor memory technology
Charge trap flash (CTF) is a semiconductor memory technology used in creating non-volatile NOR and NAND flash memory. It is a type of floating-gate MOSFET
Charge_trap_flash
Physical phenomenon of electronic band structures
published theories of the rectifying effect of metal-semiconductor contacts. The use of semiconductor junctions sparked the computer revolution in the second
Band_bending
American scientist and entrepreneur
and research. He is best known for his contributions to genomics, semiconductor DNA sequencing, and personalized medicine. Avantome was acquired by
Helmy_Eltoukhy
Integrated circuit
circuit that has both analog circuits and digital circuits on a single semiconductor die. Their usage has grown dramatically with the increased use of cell
Mixed-signal integrated circuit
Mixed-signal_integrated_circuit
Quantity in solid-state physics
mobility characterizes how quickly an electron can move through a metal or semiconductor when pushed or pulled by an electric field. There is an analogous quantity
Electron_mobility
Variation of threshold voltage in polycrystalline silicon materials
crystals. The latter differs from monocrystalline silicon used for semiconductor electronics and solar cells, and from amorphous silicon, used for thin
Polysilicon_depletion_effect
Diode that allows current to flow in the reverse direction at a specific voltage
controlled quite accurately by the doping process. Adding impurities, or doping, changes the behaviour of the semiconductor material in the diode. In the case
Zener_diode
Optical diode invented by Jun-Ichi Nishizawa
diode with a wide, undoped intrinsic semiconductor region between a p-type semiconductor and an n-type semiconductor region. The p-type and n-type regions
PIN_diode
Structures that connect circuit elements in an integrated circuit
depends on many factors. Chemical and mechanical compatibility with the semiconductor substrate and the dielectric between the levels of interconnect is necessary
Interconnect (integrated circuits)
Interconnect_(integrated_circuits)
Type of random mathematical object
integrated circuit yield using a spatial nonhomogeneous poisson process. Semiconductor Manufacturing, IEEE Transactions on, 24(3):377–384, 2011. M. Krko{\vs}ek
Poisson_point_process
Crystal growth process
types of organic semiconductors. In this case, molecules, rather than atoms, are evaporated and deposited onto the wafer. Other variations include gas-source
Molecular-beam_epitaxy
Water vapor used in industrial processes
manufacturing processes that require oxidation or annealing. These processes include the growth of oxide layers on silicon wafers for the semiconductor industry
Ultra-high-purity steam for oxidation and annealing
Ultra-high-purity_steam_for_oxidation_and_annealing
Device that emits light via optical amplification
communications, optical disc drives, laser printers, barcode scanners, semiconductor chip manufacturing (photolithography, etching), laser surgery and skin
Laser
Electronic circuits that utilize digital signals
including Jean Hoerni, who would later invent the planar process in 1959 while at Fairchild Semiconductor. At Bell Labs, J.R. Ligenza and W.G. Spitzer studied
Digital_electronics
Increasing processor speed beyond specification
overclocking is the practice of increasing the clock rate of a semiconductor device, such as a processor, beyond its rated speed, potentially increasing its performance
Overclocking
Founder of Lam Research Corporation
small, load-locked environment to minimize ambient contamination and process variation Total system automation to improve reproducibility and reduce human
David_K._Lam
Making devices resist ionizing radiation
accelerators, or during nuclear accidents or nuclear warfare. Most semiconductor electronic components are susceptible to radiation damage, and radiation-hardened
Radiation_hardening
Solid-state photodetector
carriers (through generation-recombination processes within the semiconductor) can also fire the avalanche process. Therefore, it is possible to observe output
Single-photon_avalanche_diode
PROCESS VARIATION-SEMICONDUCTOR
PROCESS VARIATION-SEMICONDUCTOR
Female
English
English name derived from the flower name, from French carnation, CARNATION means "complexion," from Italian carnagione, meaning "flesh-colored."Â
Boy/Male
Tamil
Chervik | சேரà¯à®µà®¿à®•
Validation
Chervik | சேரà¯à®µà®¿à®•
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Priest.Jewish (Ashkenazic) : metonymic occupational name for someone who ironed clothes, from Yiddish pres ‘flat iron’.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Validation
Boy/Male
Indian
First; Variation of Pratham
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Narration
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Variation
Female
English
English name derived from the title, itself from Old French princesse, a feminine form of Prince, PRINCESS means "chief, first."
Boy/Male
Greek Shakespearean
A sea god.
Girl/Female
Muslim
Angel, Variation of anaitis
Girl/Female
French
Flesh - colored.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Variation to Shanti meaning peacefulness
Girl/Female
American, British, English, French, German
Truthful; Variation of Alice; Noble
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Variation of Lord Vishnu
Girl/Female
Arabic
Vacation
Girl/Female
Indian, Sanskrit
Story; Narration
Boy/Male
Hindu
Variation to Shanti meaning peacefulness
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
A Variation of the Name Sukumaran
Girl/Female
Indian
Angel, Variation of anaitis
Girl/Female
American, Christian, English, Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Daughter of King
PROCESS VARIATION-SEMICONDUCTOR
PROCESS VARIATION-SEMICONDUCTOR
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Langhorne.
Boy/Male
Latin
A Roman poet.
Girl/Female
Christian & English(British/American/Australian)
Feminine of Marcus, Mark
Girl/Female
Indian
Like doll
Girl/Female
Indian
Brook, Rivulet, Small stream
Boy/Male
Hebrew
Dog; brave. In the Old Testament, Caleb was a companion of Moses during his time in the wilderness.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Spirit of the Holy; Epithet of Jibreel; Gabriel
Male
Egyptian
, the Bleeder.
Boy/Male
Muslim
Helper. Assister.
Female
Yiddish
(קִיילֶע) Variant spelling of Yiddish Kayle, a form of Latin Cælia, probably KAYLA means "heaven." Compare with another form of Kayla.
PROCESS VARIATION-SEMICONDUCTOR
PROCESS VARIATION-SEMICONDUCTOR
PROCESS VARIATION-SEMICONDUCTOR
PROCESS VARIATION-SEMICONDUCTOR
PROCESS VARIATION-SEMICONDUCTOR
n.
One of the different arrangements which can be made of any number of quantities taking a certain number of them together.
v. i.
To make progress; to move forward in space; to continue onward in course; to proceed; to advance; to go on; as, railroads are progressing.
n.
The act of valuing, or of estimating value or worth; the act of setting a price; estimation; appraisement; as, a valuation of lands for the purpose of taxation.
n.
The intermission of the regular studies and exercises of an educational institution between terms; holidays; as, the spring vacation.
n.
The act of varying; a partial change in the form, position, state, or qualities of a thing; modification; alternation; mutation; diversity; deviation; as, a variation of color in different lights; a variation in size; variation of language.
n.
The act of proceeding; continued forward movement; procedure; progress; advance.
adv.
Without variation.
n.
A series of actions, motions, or occurrences; progressive act or transaction; continuous operation; normal or actual course or procedure; regular proceeding; as, the process of vegetation or decomposition; a chemical process; processes of nature.
v. t.
To make a recess in; as, to recess a wall.
n.
See Proceeds.
v. i.
To begin and carry on a legal process.
n.
Value set upon a thing; estimated value or worth; as, the goods sold for more than their valuation.
n.
The shooting forth of anything from a point or surface, like the diverging rays of light; as, the radiation of heat.
adv.
Without variation of termination.
v. t.
To make progress in; to pass through.
n.
The act of vacating; a making void or of no force; as, the vacation of an office or a charter.
n.
In business of any kind; as, the progress of a negotiation; the progress of art.
n.
State of diversity or variation; variegation; modification; change; alternation.
n.
The act of vitiating, or the state of being vitiated; depravation; corruption; invalidation; as, the vitiation of the blood; the vitiation of a contract.