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Principle of relational database design
The principle of orthogonal design (abbreviated POOD) was developed by database researchers David McGoveran and Christopher J. Date in the early 1990s
Principle of orthogonal design
Principle_of_orthogonal_design
Designing how data is held in a database
Object–relationship modeling Object–role modeling Physical data model Principle of orthogonal design (POOD) Relational database Relational model Semantic Web Three-schema
Database_design
Software testing technique
Orthogonal array testing is a systematic and statistically-driven black-box testing technique employed in the field of software testing. This method is
Orthogonal_array_testing
Romanian-American consultant
2000. 256 pp. Christopher J. Date Hugh Darwen David McGoveran Principle of orthogonal design (POOD) "Fabian Pascal is Smarter Than Me". Gadgetopia. 2005-09-03
Fabian_Pascal
Buoyancy principle in fluid dynamics
principle states that the upward buoyant force that is exerted on a body immersed in a fluid, whether fully or partially, is equal to the weight of the
Archimedes'_principle
2D modulation technique
Orthogonal Time Frequency Space (OTFS) is a 2D modulation technique that transforms the information carried in the Delay-Doppler coordinate system. The
Orthogonal Time Frequency Space
Orthogonal_Time_Frequency_Space
Principle of software development
Dave Thomas, interviewed by Bill Venners (2003-10-10). "Orthogonality and the DRY Principle". Retrieved 2006-12-01. Nguyen, Hoan Anh; Nguyen, Tung Thanh;
Don't_repeat_yourself
Type of computer instruction set
the introduction of RISC design philosophies in the 1980s significantly reversed the trend. Modern CPUs often simulate orthogonality in a preprocessing
Orthogonal_instruction_set
functions) as an application of Leibniz' Law a new design principle (with C. J. Date) now known as the Principle of Orthogonal Design (POOD) His work on logic
David_McGoveran
Method of encoding digital data on multiple carrier frequencies
In telecommunications, orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is a type of digital transmission used in digital modulation for encoding digital
Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing
Orthogonal_frequency-division_multiplexing
Design principle for computer programming
Separation of concerns (SoC) is a design principle in computer science and software engineering; it holds that a complex problem should be divided into
Separation_of_concerns
Vector space with generalized dot product
allow formal definitions of intuitive geometric notions, such as lengths, angles, and orthogonality (zero inner product) of vectors. Inner product spaces
Inner_product_space
Concept of absolute rotation
In theoretical physics, particularly in discussions of gravitation theories, Mach's principle (or Mach's conjecture) is the name given by Albert Einstein
Mach's_principle
Two interrelated physics theories by Albert Einstein
laws of physics are the same for all observers in any inertial frame of reference relative to one another (principle of relativity). The speed of light
Theory_of_relativity
Statistical experimental design approach
"fraction" of the full design is chosen to reveal the most important information about the system being studied (sparsity-of-effects principle), while significantly
Fractional_factorial_design
Experimental design in statistics
of experiments Orthogonal array Plackett–Burman design Taguchi methods Welch's t-test This choice gives the correspondence 01 ←→ +−, the opposite of that
Factorial_experiment
Smallest area that is surrounded by streets
the local road network, if any, is designed to serve only local needs. Superblocks can also contain an orthogonal internal road network, including those
City_block
Light rays follow quickest paths
Fermat's principle, also known as the principle of least time, is the link between ray optics and wave optics. Fermat's principle states that the path
Fermat's_principle
Method of data analysis
{\displaystyle i} -th vector is the direction of a line that best fits the data while being orthogonal to the first i − 1 {\displaystyle i-1} vectors
Principal_component_analysis
Type of aircraft structure
structure of the preserved USS Constitution on display in Boston Harbor. The structure was a pioneering example of placing "non-orthogonal" structural
Geodetic_airframe
Experimental design framework
Bayesian experimental design provides a general probability-theoretical framework from which other theories on experimental design can be derived. It is
Bayesian_experimental_design
Smallest convex set containing a given set
structures include the orthogonal convex hull, convex layers, Delaunay triangulation and Voronoi diagram, and convex skull. A set of points in a Euclidean
Convex_hull
Process of developing trajectory performance
own set of methods. Orthogonal collocation differs from direct collocation in that it typically uses high-order splines, and each segment of the trajectory
Trajectory_optimization
Retroreflector with three orthogonal, intersecting flat surfaces
direction of an incoming wave by translation via reflections from the three orthogonal sides. The three intersecting surfaces often are triangles (forming a
Corner_reflector
Coordinate system using perpendicular axes
of axis) of the system. The point where the axes meet is called the origin and has (0, 0) as coordinates. The axes directions represent an orthogonal
Cartesian_coordinate_system
Method for solving continuous operator problems (such as differential equations)
with orthogonality constraints determined by the same basis functions that are used to approximate the solution. In an operator formulation of the differential
Galerkin_method
principle Orthogonality Overload Package Parametric overloading Parameterized classes Parnas's principles Partial class Patterns Policy-based design Polymorphic
Index of object-oriented programming articles
Index_of_object-oriented_programming_articles
Type of shikhara
bhūmija; Sanskrit भूमिज) is a variety of north Indian temple architecture marked by how the rotating square-circle principle is applied to construct the shikhara
Bhumija
Mounting element that transfers loads from a pipe to supporting structures
restricts movement in all three orthogonal directions and all three rotational directions, i.e. restricting al the 6 degrees of freedom This usually is a welded
Pipe_support
Concept that permeates much of inferential statistics and descriptive statistics
squares Orthogonality Orthonormal basis Orthogonal complement, the closed subspace orthogonal to a set (especially a subspace) Orthomodular lattice of the
Partition_of_sums_of_squares
Accelerometer-based navigational device
navigation design principle Vibrating structure gyroscope – Inexpensive gyroscope based on vibration Intelsat 708 – Chinese rocket failure, cause of failure
Inertial_measurement_unit
Overview of and topical guide to geometry
Zero vector Complex plane Imaginary axis Linear interpolation One-to-one Orthogonal Polar coordinate system Pole Real axis Secant line Circular sector or
Outline_of_geometry
Strong coupling between two cations through an intermediary anion
known as the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction, which prefers orthogonal alignment of neighboring magnetic moments. In this situation, the symmetric
Superexchange
Optoelectronic temperature sensing device
dominant—Rayleigh backscattering signals. The principle for OTDR is quite simple and is very similar to the time of flight measurement used for radar. Essentially
Distributed temperature sensing
Distributed_temperature_sensing
Device for measuring incident electromagnetic radiation
lithographic orthogonal mode transformers, they can be used to characterize the polarization state of light. The first bolometers made by Langley consisted of two
Bolometer
Amount of charge flowing through a unit cross-sectional area per unit time
surface with area A (SI unit: m2) centered at a given point M and orthogonal to the motion of the charges at M. If IA (SI unit: A) is the electric current
Current_density
Process of varying one or more properties of a periodic waveform
rates. Used extensively in Wi-Fi, cable television, and LTE systems. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM): Splits the data across multiple
Signal_modulation
Function in discrete mathematics
\lambda } , the mutual orthogonality of u n ( λ ) {\displaystyle \mathbf {u} _{n}(\lambda )} is not guaranteed. However, the orthogonal set can be obtained
Discrete_Fourier_transform
Member that transfers gravitational loads downward
category of structural systems or elements in architecture and architectural engineering designed to facilitate the vertical dimensions of space and
Vertical_support
Modernist art theory
incorporating dynamic sloping planes and oblique lines to complement the static orthogonality central to Neoplasticism. Color as Matter: Elementarism delves into
Elementarism
Diagram of different points in spacetime
and the horizontal dimension represents a space dimension. Using this design, all light rays take a 45° path ( c = 1 ) {\displaystyle (c=1)} . Locally
Penrose_diagram
German-born theoretical physicist (1879–1955)
journey from his special theory of relativity to a new idea of gravitation with the formulation of his equivalence principle, which asserts that an observer
Albert_Einstein
horizontal row of 13 and a vertical column of 9, orthogonally displayed. Naval jack The list below identifies previous flags used in Brazil. Flag of the United
Flag_of_Brazil
Theory of stochastic processes
represented as an infinite linear combination of orthogonal functions, analogous to a Fourier series representation of a function on a bounded interval. The transformation
Kosambi–Karhunen–Loève theorem
Kosambi–Karhunen–Loève_theorem
Method of mass spectrometry
acceleration. The combination of ion collisional cooling and orthogonal acceleration TOF has provided significant increase in resolution of modern TOF MS from few
Time-of-flight mass spectrometry
Time-of-flight_mass_spectrometry
Light bending by mass between source and observer
Einstein in 1911 based on the equivalence principle alone. However, Einstein noted in 1915, in the process of completing general relativity, that his (and
Gravitational_lens
Type of technical drawing used to define requirements for engineered items
the far side of the object and pass through the 3D object to project a 2D image onto the orthogonal plane in front of it. The views of the 3D object
Engineering_drawing
Mathematical transform that expresses a function of time as a function of frequency
phenomenon known as the uncertainty principle. The critical case for this principle is the Gaussian function, of substantial importance in probability
Fourier_transform
Function for integral Fourier-like transform
non-orthogonal filter bank with linear phase (1988), Ingrid Daubechies' orthogonal wavelets with compact support (1988), Stéphane Mallat's non-orthogonal
Wavelet
Notion in statistics
to invest some time searching for an orthogonal parametrization of the model, in particular when the parameter of interest is one-dimensional, but the
Fisher_information
Computer safety concept
refers to the principle of designing user programs such that they directly share capabilities with each other according to the principle of least privilege
Capability-based_security
Trace radiation from the early universe
Mohayaee, Roya; Sarkar, Subir; Colin, Jacques (2021). "A Test of the Cosmological Principle with Quasars". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 908 (2): L51
Cosmic_microwave_background
Abstract coordinate system
Laboratory frame of reference Lorentz transformation Mach's principle Orthogonal coordinates Principle of relativity Quantum reference frame Here is a quotation
Frame_of_reference
Numerical method for solving boundary value problems
necessarily orthogonal to each other. By selecting only the most relevant PGD modes, a reduced order model of the solution is obtained. Because of this, PGD
Proper generalized decomposition
Proper_generalized_decomposition
Device that converts sound into an electrical signal
in a collocated and orthogonal triad—A steerable beamformer with no beam-pointing error". The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. 145 (1): 575–588
Microphone
Epistemic model
model is designed to argue in favour of the epistemic viewpoint. It is, by construction, an epistemic model. The knowledge balance principle of the model
Spekkens_toy_model
Early and obsolete type of computer memory
of charge on the smooth surfaces of the signal plates. The two sets of orthogonal grid wires were normally "biased" slightly positive, so that the electrons
Selectron_tube
Device to reflect radiation back to its source
"Design of an ultra-light head-mounted projective display (HMPD) and its applications in augmented collaborative environments" (PDF). Proceedings of SPIE
Retroreflector
Structural design made of isolated members held in place by tension
floating compression is a structural principle based on a system of isolated components under compression inside a network of continuous tension, and arranged
Tensegrity
Transform in mathematics
N\end{aligned}}} The DST-I matrix is orthogonal (up to a scale factor). A DST-I is exactly equivalent to a DFT of a real sequence that is odd around the
Discrete_sine_transform
English mathematician, mathematical physicist (born 1931)
new basic principles instead of attacking the real detail. This is what I see in Penrose's quest for a new basic principle of physics that will account for
Roger_Penrose
Set of multiple antennas which work together
consider a linear array whose elements are arranged along the x-axis of an orthogonal Cartesian reference system. It is assumed that radiators have the same
Antenna_array
Design technique
side of the drawing completes the characterization of the (equally distant) point of view. Two lines are drawn from the orthogonal projection of each
3D_projection
Distance function defined between probability distributions
region of the plane. That is, we have a 1-parameter family of lines, a line congruence. He showed that these are orthogonal to a 1-parameter family of curves
Wasserstein_metric
Branch of mathematics
and so we can call this quantity the cosine of the angle between the two vectors. Two vectors are orthogonal if ⟨u, v⟩ = 0. An orthonormal basis is a basis
Linear_algebra
Method of combining multiple signals into one signal over a shared medium
Polarization-division multiplexing uses the polarization of electromagnetic radiation to separate orthogonal channels. It is in practical use in both radio and
Multiplexing
Generative process for base sequences
acid design is the process of generating a set of nucleic acid base sequences that will associate into a desired conformation. Nucleic acid design is central
Nucleic_acid_design
Water turbine
figure above titled "Net force vectors". Each of these net force vectors can be split into two orthogonal vectors: a radial component and a tangential
Gorlov_helical_turbine
Reducing a spacecraft's unwanted angular velocity
limitation of magnetic control: the control torque cannot be applied along any possible direction but only its projection on the plane orthogonal to B {\displaystyle
Spacecraft_detumbling
Signal processing technique in telecommunications
understanding of electroacoustic technology, resulting in the invention of the telephone. Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) Non-orthogonal frequency-division
Frequency-division multiplexing
Frequency-division_multiplexing
mirror filter – is an orthogonal wavelet developed in 1990. The binomial QMF bank with perfect reconstruction (PR) was designed by Ali Akansu, and published
Binomial_QMF
Computer programming language
greater generality. (See Orthogonal.) Morrison describes three semantic principles that guided the design of S-algol: Principle of correspondence – The rules
S-algol
Playing piece with non-standard chess rules
their landing square – the number of squares orthogonally in one direction and the number of squares orthogonally at right angles. For instance, the
Fairy_chess_piece
Physical quantity that expresses internal forces in a continuous material
_{yz}} the orthogonal shear stresses.[citation needed] The Cauchy stress tensor obeys the tensor transformation law under a change in the system of coordinates
Stress_(mechanics)
Numerical eigenvalue calculation
arbitrary vector with Euclidean norm 1 {\displaystyle 1} that is orthogonal to all of v 1 , … , v j − 1 {\displaystyle v_{1},\dots ,v_{j-1}} . Let w j
Lanczos_algorithm
Italian professor, engineer and inventor
of game theory to wireless communications. Together with Fasano, Barbarossa introduced an optimal space-time coding technique, named Trace-Orthogonal
Sergio_Barbarossa
Obsolete postulated medium for the propagation of light
seen by the fact that they consist of orthogonal electric (E) and magnetic (B or H) waves. The E waves consist of undulating dipolar electric fields,
Luminiferous_aether
Polarization state
half-waveplate shifts a given linear component of light one half of a wavelength relative to its orthogonal linear component - meaning the horizontal component
Circular_polarization
Mathematical transformation in physics
break discrete time-translation symmetry. Absolute time and space Mach's principle Spacetime Time reversal symmetry Portals: Astronomy Mathematics Physics
Time-translation_symmetry
Hypothesis about intelligent agents
agent may have. Bostrom's orthogonality thesis posits that almost any final goal can be combined with almost any degree of intelligence. Proposed basic
Instrumental_convergence
Maintenance of a particular orbit
out-of-plane maneuvers to compensate for the inclination change caused by Sun/Moon gravitation. These are executed as thruster burns orthogonal to the
Orbital_station-keeping
Resultant magnetic field
electric motors. A rotating magnetic field can be constructed using two orthogonal coils with a 90-degree phase difference in their alternating currents
Rotating_magnetic_field
Statistical phenomenon where some effects appear the same
Experimenters: Design, Innovation, and Discovery (2nd ed.). Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley. ISBN 978-0471-71813-0. Bush, K. A. (1950). Orthogonal arrays (PhD thesis)
Aliasing (factorial experiments)
Aliasing_(factorial_experiments)
Physics experiment
of the quantum eraser phenomenon was given in an article in Scientific American. If one sets polarizers before each slit with their axes orthogonal to
Double-slit_experiment
German engineer and mathematician (1874–1967)
War I, Reissner designed the first successful all-metal aircraft, the Reissner Canard (or Ente) with both skin and structure made of metal. This was constructed
Hans_Reissner
Optical fiber designed to carry only a single mode of light, the transverse mode
refractive indices of the core and cladding. The solution of Maxwell's equations for the lowest-order bound mode will permit a pair of orthogonally polarized fields
Single-mode_optical_fiber
Process of projecting a 3D object onto a 2D plane
called an orthogonal axonometry. In technical drawing and in architecture, axonometric perspective is a form of two-dimensional representation of three-dimensional
Axonometry
Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process Orthogonal array testing Orthogonality Orthogonality principle Outlier Outliers ratio Outline of probability Outline of regression analysis
List_of_statistics_articles
Data communications modulation protocol
index that can be chosen such that the waveforms for 0 and 1 are orthogonal. A variant of MSK called Gaussian minimum-shift keying (GMSK) is used in the
Frequency-shift_keying
Theorem in physics
the goal of "closing loopholes", that is, ameliorating problems of experimental design or set-up that could in principle affect the validity of the findings
Bell's_theorem
Collection of statistical models
This comparison is done using an F-test. The underlying principle of ANOVA is based on the law of total variance, which states that the total variance in
Analysis_of_variance
American engineer, author, and professor (1914–2000)
popularized the notion of "the vital few and trivial many," also known as "The Pareto Principle," recognizing the uneven impact of problems on business
Dorian_Shainin
Checking software against expectations
agreed requirements Manual testing – Testing software without automation Orthogonal array testing – Software testing technique Pair testing – Software testing
Software_testing
Fabrics formed by inter-plaiting three orthogonal sets of yarn
three directions, formed by inter-plaiting three orthogonal sets of yarn. The fiber architecture of three-dimensional braided fabrics provides high strength
3D_braided_fabrics
Branch of discrete mathematics
special functions and orthogonal polynomials. Originally a part of number theory and analysis, it is now considered a part of combinatorics or an independent
Combinatorics
Plan to reform and expand the city of Barcelona, Spain from 1860
the rest of the streets, which means that the existing blocks between the two aforementioned roads, although they have an orthogonal design with chamfers
Cerdà_Plan
Device for measuring or maintaining orientation
other with orthogonal pivot axes, may be used to allow a wheel mounted on the innermost gimbal to have an orientation remaining independent of the orientation
Gyroscope
Polyhedron with four faces
(edges that are the characteristic radii of the regular tetrahedron). The 3-edge path along orthogonal edges of the orthoscheme is 1 {\displaystyle 1}
Tetrahedron
Hypothesized risk to human existence
valuable from the perspective of an artificial intelligence. Bostrom's "orthogonality thesis" argues instead that almost any level of intelligence can be combined
Existential risk from artificial intelligence
Existential_risk_from_artificial_intelligence
Computer that uses ternary logic
ternary computer using fiber optics could use dark as 0 and two orthogonal polarizations of light as +1 and −1. The Josephson junction has been proposed
Ternary_computer
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