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Blood test used in immunohematology
direct and indirect Coombs tests, also known as antiglobulin test (AGT), are blood tests used in immunohematology. The direct Coombs test detects antibodies
Coombs_test
British immunologist (1921–2006)
Robert Royston Amos Coombs (9 January 1921 – 25 January 2006) was a British immunologist, co-discoverer of the Coombs test (1945) used for detecting antibodies
Robin_Coombs
Overreaction of the immune system to an antigen
involved. According to this system, known as the Gell and Coombs classification or Gell-Coombs's classification, there are four types of hypersensitivity:
Hypersensitivity
Way of expressing concentration
reported to have an "indirect Coombs titer" of 16. This means that the patient's serum gives a positive indirect Coombs test at any dilution down to 1/16
Titer
Medical procedure involving an incision in a vein
people trained to draw blood mostly from veins for clinical or medical testing, transfusions, donations, or research. Blood is collected primarily by
Phlebotomy
Chemical compound
with ceftriaxone seroconverted from a negative to a positive direct Coombs' test result. No clinical adverse reactions representing hemolytic anemia were
Ceftaroline_fosamil
Fetal and neonatal alloimmune blood condition
cord blood. In some cases, the direct Coombs will be negative but severe, even fatal HDN can occur. An indirect Coombs needs to be run in cases of anti-C
Hemolytic disease of the newborn
Hemolytic_disease_of_the_newborn
Glass or plastic laboratory glassware
A test tube, also known as a culture tube or sample tube, is a common piece of laboratory glassware consisting of a finger-like length or longer of glass
Test_tube
Topics referred to by the same term
of measure by volume. Coombs test, an aid to medical diagnosis. Coomb Teak or Gmelina arborea, a medicinal tree. Deeping Coomb, a fictional deep valley
Coomb
Maternal IgG antibodies
jaundice during the first week of life. Testing Coombs - after birth, the newborn will have a direct Coombs test run to confirm antibodies attached to the
Hemolytic disease of the newborn (ABO)
Hemolytic_disease_of_the_newborn_(ABO)
Medical condition
cells. An antiglobulin test, also known as a Coombs test, is a type of blood test used in immunohematology. An antiglobulin test may either be direct (e
Delayed hemolytic transfusion reaction
Delayed_hemolytic_transfusion_reaction
Medical condition
weeks. Coombs - after birth baby will have a direct coombs test run to confirm antibodies attached to the infant's red blood cells. This test is run from
Hemolytic disease of the newborn (anti-Kell)
Hemolytic_disease_of_the_newborn_(anti-Kell)
Reduced oxygen-carrying ability of the blood due to breakdown of red blood cells
hemoglobin binding protein haptoglobin, and the direct Coombs test (also called direct antiglobulin test or DAT) to evaluate complement factors and/or antibodies
Hemolytic_anemia
Type of blood collection equipment for medical testing
A vacutainer blood collection tube is a sterile glass or plastic test tube with a colored rubber stopper creating a vacuum seal inside of the tube, facilitating
Vacutainer
Process of obtaining intravenous access
accurate laboratory results. Any error in collecting the blood or filling the test tubes may lead to erroneous laboratory results. Venipuncture is one of the
Venipuncture
Medical specialty concerning pregnancy and childbirth
prevent Rh disease. Indirect Coombs test (AGT) to assess risk of hemolytic disease of the newborn Rapid plasma reagin test to screen for syphilis Rubella
Obstetrics
Parasitic bacterium
haemofelis to red blood cell membranes is often associated with positive Coombs test results, meaning IgG antibodies have become bound to red blood cells
Mycoplasma_haemofelis
Blood disorder in which antibodies target red blood cells
present in a patient, the Coombs test, also known as the antiglobulin test, is performed. There are two types of Coombs tests, direct and indirect; more
Autoimmune_hemolytic_anemia
Type of jaundice
high serum lactate dehydrogenase and negative anti-RBC antibodies and Coombs test. Clinically, dark urine from hemoglobinuria may be observed because the
Hemolytic_jaundice
Common viral infectious disease
development of multiple sclerosis. Hematologic: Hemolytic anemia (direct Coombs test is positive) and various cytopenias, and bleeding (caused by thrombocytopenia)
Infectious_mononucleosis
Medical condition
decreased haptoglobin negative Coombs test. Creatinine, urea, to follow renal function. ADAMSTS-13 gene, activity or inhibitor testing (TTP).[citation needed]
Thrombotic_microangiopathy
Topics referred to by the same term
amino acid Serine Angiotensinogen, a protein Antiglobulin test, also known as Coombs test O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase, a protein Alberta
AGT
Medical condition
Neonate or cord blood gives a positive direct Coombs test, and maternal blood gives a positive indirect Coombs test Hemolytic disease of the newborn (ABO) Rh
Neonatal_jaundice
Medical disorders that destroy blood vessels by inflammation
leukocytoclastic angiitis). An alternative to biopsy can be an angiogram (x-ray test of the blood vessels). It can demonstrate characteristic patterns of inflammation
Vasculitis
Protein(s) forming a major part of an organism's immune system
tests. Antibodies directed against red blood cell surface antigens in immune mediated hemolytic anemia are detected with the Coombs test. The Coombs test
Antibody
Induction of a response in immune system
erythrocytes in advance of performing an immunological test such as a complement-fixation test or a Coombs test. The antibodies are bound to the cells in their
Sensitization_(immunology)
Testing to identify incompatibilities between blood types
typing. In 1945, Robin Coombs, A.E. Mourant and R.R. Race published a description of the antiglobulin test (also known as the Coombs test). Previous research
Blood_compatibility_testing
Classification based on antibodies and antigens on RBC surfaces
discovered the MN blood group system, and the P system. Development of the Coombs test in 1945, the advent of transfusion medicine, and the understanding of
Blood_type
Medical condition
HDN, the direct antiglobulin test (DAT) may be negative even when the infant is severely affected. An indirect Coombs test is therefore also performed
Hemolytic disease of the newborn (anti-Rhc)
Hemolytic_disease_of_the_newborn_(anti-Rhc)
Topics referred to by the same term
in Minnesota Coombs test, a test for the presence of antibodies or antigens Coombs reagent, the reagent used in the Coombs test Coombs' method, a type
Coombs_(disambiguation)
Purplish skin bumps on a newborn due to overproduction of blood
laboratory studies, including blood tests for complete blood count, TORCH infections, haemoglobin, viral cultures and Coombs test. A skin biopsy may be useful
Blueberry_muffin_baby
Form of agglutination in red blood cells
patient's blood group is confirmed from both RBCs and serum. A direct Coombs test is also done on the patient's blood sample in case there are any confounding
Hemagglutination
Disorders of the blood and related organs
Pyruvate kinase deficiency Immune mediated hemolytic anemia (direct Coombs test is positive) Autoimmune hemolytic anemia Warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic
Hematologic_disease
Intravenous transference of blood products
tested against a drop of 3–5% suspension of donor cells in a test tube and spun in a serofuge. Agglutination or hemolysis (i.e., positive Coombs test)
Blood_transfusion
Medical condition
is made by a positive direct Coombs test, other lab tests, and clinical examination and history. The direct Coombs test looks for antibodies attached
Warm antibody autoimmune hemolytic anemia
Warm_antibody_autoimmune_hemolytic_anemia
Genetic disorder causing red blood cells to be spherical
binding test Osmotic fragility test Acidified glycerol lysis test A negative direct antiglobin test (Coombs test) The common findings of lab testing in setting
Hereditary_spherocytosis
Antibodies produced against sperm antigens
assessment of human sperm antibodies. MAR test in its original version is based on the classical Coombs test; sperm is mixed with human red blood cells
Antisperm_antibodies
Medical condition
severity) Haptoglobin (decreased in hemolysis); A "direct antiglobulin test" (Coombs' test) – this should be negative, as hemolysis in G6PD is not immune-mediated;
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
Glucose-6-phosphate_dehydrogenase_deficiency
Blood disorder in newborn kittens and foals
exogenous complement, and is positive if hemolysis occurs. A direct Coombs test may also be used, but does have a high rate of false negatives. Crossmatching
Neonatal_isoerythrolysis
Complication of blood transfusion
examination of the recipient's blood and a direct antiglobulin test (direct Coombs test) which detects IgG antibodies or complement bound to red blood
Acute hemolytic transfusion reaction
Acute_hemolytic_transfusion_reaction
Notable events in the history of immunology
Merill Chase) 1944 – hypothesis of allograft rejection 1945 – Coombs test a.k.a. antiglobulin test (AGT) 1946 – Identification of mouse MHC (H2) (George Snell
Timeline_of_immunology
Blood disorder in which cold sensitive antibodies target red blood cells
and/or blood tests). A person may also be physically examined for spleen or liver enlargement. An antiglobulin test (called the Coombs test) may be performed
Cold_agglutinin_disease
Topics referred to by the same term
agglutination test, any test that uses whole organisms as a means of looking for serum antibody Direct antiglobulin test, one of two Coombs tests Dopamine
DAT
Abnormal presence of spherical red blood cells in the blood
hereditary spherocytosis, but the former would have a positive direct Coombs test and the latter would not. The misshapen but otherwise healthy red blood
Spherocytosis
Substance that causes red blood cells to agglutinate
The agglutination of red blood cells is used in the Coombs test in diagnostic immunohematology to test for autoimmune hemolytic anemia. In the case of red
Hemagglutinin
Topics referred to by the same term
gears to be selected in fully manual or automatic mode Direct Coombs test, used to test for autoimmune hemolytic anemia Distal convoluted tubule, a part
DCT
Antibiotic medication
dehydrogenase (6%), increased gamma-glutamyl transferase (5%), positive direct Coombs test (4%), increased platelets (thrombocythemia) (2%), increased ALT (7%)
Ceftazidime
Abnormally increased hemoglobin in urine
indicates recurrent or chronic hemoglobinuria. The direct antiglobulin test, or Coombs test, will help differentiate immune from non-immune causes of hemolytic
Hemoglobinuria
All-boys private school in Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
apartheid Muslim Springbok, Current Wasps player Robin Coombs – co-discoverer of the Coombs test Ian Donald – physician David Eadie – first-class cricketer
Diocesan_College
Medical condition
cases of CMML with eosinophilia); and spherocytosis (in cases of direct Coombs test, DCT, positive haemolytic anaemia). Platelet counts may be reduced, increased
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia
Chronic_myelomonocytic_leukemia
Medical condition
weeks. Coombs – after birth the baby will have a direct Coombs test run to confirm antibodies attached to the infant's red blood cells. This test is run
Hemolytic disease of the newborn (anti-RhE)
Hemolytic_disease_of_the_newborn_(anti-RhE)
Medical condition
or total complement activity as measure by the CH50 test; and 6) a positive direct Coombs test in the absence of hemolytic anemia. The SLICC also defined
Childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus
Childhood-onset_systemic_lupus_erythematosus
Testing before a blood transfusion
It is essentially an indirect Coomb's test. It is also called "full cross-matching", "IAT cross-matching" and "Coomb's cross-matching". Electronic cross-matching
Cross-matching
doctor Richard A Collins, biochemist and author Robin Coombs, immunologist, discoverer of the Coombs test Hilary Critchley, obstetrician and gynaecologist
List of University of Edinburgh people
List_of_University_of_Edinburgh_people
Group of disorders
occur in <33% of cases. Laboratory abnormalities include a positive Coombs test with or without accompanying autoimmune hemolytic anemia (~50%) and elevated
Epstein–Barr virus–associated lymphoproliferative diseases
Epstein–Barr_virus–associated_lymphoproliferative_diseases
Blood disease in which red blood cells are attacked by the immune system
cells (such as iron deficiency). The direct antiglobulin test (DAT, or direct Coombs' test) is negative, as the hemolysis of PNH is not caused by antibodies
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Paroxysmal_nocturnal_hemoglobinuria
Chemical compound
to use); false positive urinary glucose (if tested for reducing substances) and false positive Coombs test. Cefaclor has also been reported to cause a
Cefaclor
Abnormal breakdown of red blood cells upon exposure to cold
antiglobulin test (DAT) or direct Coombs' test is the first line of investigation to confirm the presence of warm autoantibodies. Testing with polyspecific
Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria
Paroxysmal_cold_hemoglobinuria
Medical condition
reticulocyte count is found, it is usually linked to hemolysis, but a Coombs test may be performed in this case to rule out immune-mediated hemolysis.
Polychromasia
list includes other eponymous entities of diagnostic significance, such as tests and reflexes. Numerous additional signs can be found for Graves disease
List of eponymous medical signs
List_of_eponymous_medical_signs
Shackleton, geologist (born 1937) 25 January – Robin Coombs, immunologist, creator of the Coombs test (born 1921) 26 January – John Dunwoody, politician
2006_in_the_United_Kingdom
Medical condition
with schistocytes on the blood smear, a negative direct antiglobulin test (Coombs test), elevated levels of hemolysis markers (such as total bilirubin, LDH
Upshaw–Schulman_syndrome
University of Edinburgh's vet school
the Albert Lasker Award Robin Coombs, (1921–2006, grad. 1943), who devised the ′Coombs test′, a critical diagnostic test for use in haematology and blood
Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies
Royal_(Dick)_School_of_Veterinary_Studies
School test in England and Northern Ireland
original on 18 May 2020. Coombs v Information Commissioner (ibid), p. 5. "Age standardisation and seasonal effects in mental testing" (PDF). Archived (PDF)
Eleven-plus
Shackleton, 68, British geologist, leukaemia. Robin Coombs, 84, British immunologist, developed Coombs Antibody test Marion Dudley, 33, American convicted murderer
Deaths_in_January_2006
– British equine veterinarian Robin Coombs (1921–2006) – British immunologist, co-discoverer of the Coombs test Harry Cooper (born 1943) – Australian
List_of_veterinarians
Medicinal medal
Health. 28 February 2017. Retrieved 16 December 2017. "Robert Royston Amos Coombs". Munks Roll – Lives of the Fellows. XII. Royal College of Physicians: Royal
James_Spence_Medal
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
that it was the most common antibody in cases of AIHA with a positive Coombs test. Haemolytic disease of the newborn (HDFN) due to alloanti-LW is described
ICAM4
the initial discovery by Karl Landsteiner and the development of the Coombs test. Human Blood Groups in Man. A technical reference work written by the
MRC_Blood_Group_Unit
Protein involved in immune suppression
inhibition in Th17 cells in patients with bone marrow mononuclear cells Coombs test‑positive hemocytopenia". Molecular Medicine Reports. 17 (2): 2973–2981
Interleukin_35
Overview of and topical guide to immunology
Immunotoxicology Palaeoimmunology Tissue-based immunology Testicular immunology - Testes Immunodermatology - Skin Intravascular immunology - Blood Osteoimmunology
Outline_of_immunology
Australian comedian (born 1990)
lesbian and fellow comedian Zoe Coombs Marr at the Melbourne International Comedy Festival. That year Nicholson and Coombs Marr were also both nominated
Rhys_Nicholson
British racing driver
Salvadori, Jack Fairman and Ian Stewart. Salvadori was fastest with Coombs second, and Coombs was subsequently entered into a number of Formula Two races both
John_Coombs
Immune related haematological animal disease
secondary IMT. PCR serology tests may be performed to screen for diseases. Serum chemistry, coagulation panels, and Coombs tests can be performed to rule
Immune-mediated thrombocytopaenia
Immune-mediated_thrombocytopaenia
735.050 – agglutination tests MeSH E01.450.495.735.050.375 – hemagglutination tests MeSH E01.450.495.735.050.375.150 – coombs test MeSH E01.450.495.735.050
List_of_MeSH_codes_(E01)
American real estate developer
Leslie Coombs Brand (1859–1925) was an American real estate developer. He is best known for developing Glendale, California. Brand was born on May 12,
Leslie_Coombs_Brand
British computer programmer (1929–2022)
Coombs. The company had sports clubs and an Amateur Dramatic Society in which Coombs was involved. However, the company provided very low pay. Coombs
Mary_Coombs
American rapper and producer (born 1969)
that workers were subjected to body searches and involuntary pregnancy tests, bathrooms were locked and access tightly controlled, and employees were
Sean_Combs
English actress (born 1994)
Coronation Street Daisy Midgeley Regular role 2026 The Hairdresser Mysteries Clary Coombs Main role TBA The Northumbria Mysteries† Maxine Gray Filming
Charlotte_Jordan
American fighter pilot
chronicles his life story. The book Sabre Jet Ace (1959) by Charles Ira Coombs is a fictionalized biography for young readers covering his experiences
Joseph_C._McConnell
British aircraft designer (1895–1937)
p. 180. Eves & Coombs 2001, p. 237. Eves & Coombs 2001, p. 245. Pegram 2016, pp. 34, 36. Andrews & Morgan 2003, p. 62. Eves & Coombs 2001, p. 104. Andrews
R._J._Mitchell
American activist
in 1991, Coombs Lee helped Oregon State Senator Frank L. Roberts as he proposed one of the first aid in dying laws in the nation. When Coombs Lee read
Barbara_Coombs_Lee
American basketball player (born 1984)
with Phineas and Ferb'". ESPN. February 12, 2026. Retrieved June 6, 2026. Coombs, D. S., & Cassilo, D. (2017). Athletes and/or Activists: LeBron James and
LeBron_James
Sports division of British broadcaster
Super Bowl alongside Sky Sports. The London Games were presented by Nat Coombs, Mike Carlson and Osi Umenyiora with Ore Oduba as sideline reporter. The
BBC_Sport
Immune system response to a substance that most people tolerate well
1963, a new classification scheme was designed by Philip Gell and Robin Coombs that described four types of hypersensitivity reactions, known as Type I
Allergy
War film by Terrence Malick
with Cpl. Fife, and Pvt. Coombs, scout upriver and encounter an advancing Japanese column. As they attempt to retreat, Coombs is wounded and ultimately
The_Thin_Red_Line_(1998_film)
Yemeni diplomat and statesman (born 1954)
al-Waq. Big Think. Retrieved 9 February 2026. Coombs, Casey (15 July 2024). "Foreign Minister Appointment Tests Anti-Houthi Unity". Sana'a Center For Strategic
Shaya_al-Zindani
Autoimmune disease causing hives and itching
doi:10.3389/fmed.2022.926753. ISSN 2296-858X. PMC 9302568. PMID 35872776. A, Coombs R. R. (1962). "The classification of allergic reactions underlying disease"
Autoimmune_urticaria
1951 British computer
"Mary Coombs". The British Library. Archived from the original on 13 March 2022. Retrieved 4 May 2022. computingheritage (5 September 2013), Mary Coombs shares
LEO_(computer)
"Colossus; Thomas H Flowers; Bletchley Park; Howard Champaigne; Allen W. M. Coombs; W. W. Chandler". www.ivorcatt.com. Archived from the original on 26 March
List of British innovations and discoveries
List_of_British_innovations_and_discoveries
American clinical laboratory company
Quest Diagnostics to bring lab testing to 15 stores". pharmacist.com. Retrieved November 7, 2018.[permanent dead link] Coombs, Bertha (May 26, 2018). "Here's
Quest_Diagnostics
Type of electronics manufacturing
Microelectronics. pp. 367–375. Archived from the original on October 14, 2017. Coombs, Clyde F. (2007). Printed Circuits Handbook. McGraw–Hill Professional. pp
Printed circuit board manufacturing
Printed_circuit_board_manufacturing
German executive car
Radnor, PA, USA: Chilton Book Co. ISBN 0-8019-5907-1. Drayton, Spencer; Coombs, Mark; Rendle, Steve (1996). Mercedes Benz 124 Series (85–93) Service and
Mercedes-Benz_E-Class
Association football club in England
the club was sold to Clifford Coombs. By the mid-1980s the club was in financial trouble. Control passed from the Coombs family to former Walsall chairman
Birmingham_City_F.C.
Sub-specialty of the public relations profession
1080/10810730590904571. ISSN 1081-0730. PMID 15764443. S2CID 16810613. Coombs 2007. Coombs, W.Timothy; Holladay, Sherry.J (2010). The Handbook of Crisis Communication
Crisis_communication
The 2013 mid-year rugby union tests (also known as the summer internationals in the Northern Hemisphere) were international rugby union matches that were
2013_June_rugby_union_tests
English actor (born 1958)
for Jackson in 1996 and announced that he was willing to take a paternity test to determine whether he was the father. Brian Oxman, former lawyer for the
Mark_Lester
the appetizer) Byron Hughes III (eliminated after the entrée) Danielle Coombs (eliminated after the dessert) Ade Carrena (winner) 775 13 "Elk or Else
List of Chopped episodes (season 41–present)
List_of_Chopped_episodes_(season_41–present)
theologian Peter Conefrey, Irish priest and cultural nationalist Peter Coombs (1928–2020), English Anglican priest Peter Craigie (1938–1985), British
List of people with given name Peter
List_of_people_with_given_name_Peter
Type of motorcycle
Numbers." Motorcyclist July 2000: 136. General OneFile. Web. 14 June 2012. Coombs, Matthew (2007), Honda CBR1100xx Super Blackbird Service and Repair Manual
Honda_Blackbird
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