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Local rate of change in potential with respect to displacement
biology, a potential gradient is the local rate of change of the potential with respect to displacement, i.e. spatial derivative, or gradient. This quantity
Potential_gradient
Gradient of electrochemical potential, usually for an ion that can move across a membrane
electrochemical gradient is a gradient of electrochemical potential, usually for an ion that can move across a membrane. The gradient consists of two
Electrochemical_gradient
Electricity in planetary atmospheres
the convention is to refer to the potential gradient, which has the opposite sign (meaning the electrical potential increases with distance from the ground)
Atmospheric_electricity
Rise of voltage of local earth when a large current flows through an earth grid impedance
hazard to people or equipment. The change of voltage over distance (potential gradient) may be so high that a person could be injured due to the voltage
Earth_potential_rise
Process of water movement through a plant
vapor will travel down the gradient and move from the leaf airspace to the atmosphere. This movement lowers the water potential in the leaf airspace and
Transpiration
When potential energy difference depends only on displacement
positive sign in front of the gradient to define the potential. Because of this definition of P in terms of the gradient, the direction of F at any point
Scalar_potential
Electrochemical principle that enables cellular respiration
concentration gradient - all particles tend to diffuse from higher concentration to lower. Electrostatic force caused by electrical potential gradient - cations
Chemiosmosis
Gradient whose components are spatial derivatives
regions Potential gradient, the difference in electric charge between two adjoining regions Fluid dynamics and earth science Density gradient Pressure
Spatial_gradient
Ionization of air around a high-voltage conductor
discharge occurs at locations where the strength of the electric field (potential gradient) around a conductor exceeds the dielectric strength of the air. It
Corona_discharge
Static membrane potential in biology
membrane potential is almost always close to the potassium reversal potential. But in order for this process to occur, a concentration gradient of potassium
Resting_potential
Device for prevention of corona discharge on high-voltage equipment
electric field (potential gradient) at the surface of conductors exceeds a critical value, the dielectric strength or disruptive potential gradient of air. Its
Corona_ring
Sustainable energy from sea and river water
Osmotic power, salinity gradient power or blue energy is the energy available from the difference in the salt concentration between seawater and river
Osmotic_power
Machine learning technique
Gradient boosting is a machine learning technique based on boosting in a functional space, where the target is pseudo-residuals instead of residuals as
Gradient_boosting
Polymer matrix capable of ion conduction
transference number. Ionic transport is also controlled by the electrical potential gradient across the cell. Temperature dependence of electrolyte impacts performance
Polymer_electrolytes
Chemical reaction
(non-physiological oxidants) in a direction against the chemical potential gradient as part of photosynthesis. Robin Hill discovered the reaction in 1937
Hill_reaction
Evaluates a line integral through a gradient field using the original scalar field
The gradient theorem, also known as the fundamental theorem of calculus for line integrals, says that a line integral through a gradient field can be evaluated
Gradient_theorem
Absorption of liquid by a colloid
volume. Water surface potential movement takes place along a concentration gradient; some dry materials absorb water. A gradient between the absorbent
Imbibition
Energy-carrying molecule in living cells
effect of a pH gradient and an electric potential gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Flow of protons down this potential gradient – that is
Adenosine_triphosphate
Mathematical concept in vector calculus
vector potential is a vector field whose curl is a given vector field. This is analogous to a scalar potential, which is a scalar field whose gradient is
Vector_potential
Biochemical process in photosynthesis
electrons through an electron transport chain, storing potential energy in a proton gradient.[citation needed] The protons return across the membrane
Photophosphorylation
Rhythmic electrophysiological event in the gastrointestinal tract
velocities in the stomach due to the existence of a gradient of resting membrane potential gradient, interstitial cells of Cajal distributions, and gastric
Slow-wave_potential
Energy held by an object because of its position relative to other objects
the gradient of a certain scalar function, called a scalar potential. The potential energy is related to, and can be obtained from, this potential function
Potential_energy
Type of electron gun
at several kilovolts negative potential relative to a nearby electrode, so that there is sufficient potential gradient at the emitter surface to cause
Field_emission_gun
charged surface. This force may consist of electric, pressure gradient, concentration gradient, gravity. In addition, the moving phase might be either the
Sedimentation_potential
Elliptic partial differential equation
the electric field as the gradient of a scalar function φ (called the electric potential), since the curl of any gradient is zero. Thus we can write
Poisson's_equation
Electric charges present on the surface of a solid
equation and assuming that, at an infinitely great distance, the potential gradient is equal to 0, the Grahame equation is obtained: σ = 8 c 0 ε ε 0 k
Surface_charge
highest potential (anode +η) and the other extreme having the lowest potential (cathode -η). Comparing to the electrolyte potential (Vs) gradient/drop;
Bipolar_electrochemistry
Vector field that is the gradient of some function
vector calculus, a conservative vector field is a vector field that is the gradient of some function. A conservative vector field has the property that its
Conservative_vector_field
Process in electrical breakdown
propagate by formation of electron avalanches created in the high potential gradient ahead of the streamers' advancing tips. Once begun, avalanches are
Electron_avalanche
Variation of the redox potential with distance (or depth)
A redox gradient is a series of reduction-oxidation (redox) reactions sorted according to redox potential. The redox ladder displays the order in which
Redox_gradient
Observatory in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland
electrometer for potential gradient measurements, changing to a radioactive polonium probe during the 1930s. The Eskdalemuir potential gradient was found to
Eskdalemuir_Observatory
Force observed on an asymmetric capacitor
most effective distance between electrodes occurs at an electric potential gradient of about 10 kV/cm, which is just below the nominal breakdown voltage
Biefeld–Brown_effect
potential gradient; capillary osmosis, as motion of liquid in porous body under influence of the chemical potential gradient; sedimentation potential
Electrokinetic_phenomena
Topics referred to by the same term
Fibonacci spiral, designed to tune terrestrial soil to the atmospheric potential gradient of the "planetary battery". Atoroidal Torus (disambiguation) Sacred
Toroidal
Chemical compound
potassium ions through lipid membranes "down" the electrochemical potential gradient. The stability constant K for the potassium-valinomycin complex is
Valinomycin
Aircraft obstacle avoidance systems
[citation needed] The first approach takes advantage of the high electric potential gradient around conductors. The second approach is based on Faraday's law of
Aviation_obstruction_lighting
Neuron communication by electric impulses
returning the electrochemical gradient to the resting state. Because few ions need to pass through to change the potential, the concentrations of ions on
Action_potential
Thermal motion of liquid or gas particles at temperatures above absolute zero
molecules taking place in the absence of concentration (or chemical potential) gradient. This type of diffusion can be followed using isotopic tracers, hence
Molecular_diffusion
Quantification of the electrical interactions between ions in solution
counterions compresses the double layer and increases the electrical potential gradient. Media of high ionic strength are used in stability constant determination
Ionic_strength
Fundamental study of potential theory
the massive object, is the negative gradient of the gravitational potential. Thus the negative of a negative gradient yields positive acceleration toward
Gravitational_potential
Semiconductor–semiconductor junction
the forward (+) direction be pointed against the diode's built-in potential gradient at equilibrium. Forward current ( J F {\displaystyle \mathbf {J} _{F}}
P–n_junction
Ionization of air characterized as writhing streamers and sparks
conductor exceeds the dielectric strength of the air, the "disruptive potential gradient", roughly 30 kilovolts per centimeter. At that voltage, electrons
Brush_discharge
Line integral of the electric field
expressed as the gradient of the electrostatic potential, which is a scalar quantity denoted by V or occasionally φ, equal to the electric potential energy of
Electric_potential
High-voltage electrical connection device
and insulating putty. By tapering the layers of tape carefully, the potential gradient from the inside of the cable to free air was reduced so as not to
Pothead
Fishing method utilising electricity
cathode through the water. When a fish encounters a large enough potential gradient on this path, it becomes affected by the electricity. Usually pulsed
Electrofishing
Type of semiconductor current
medium, and E = −dΦ/dx (Φ potential difference) is the electric field as the potential gradient of the electric potential. According to the Einstein
Diffusion_current
Transport of dissolved species from the highest to the lowest concentration region
of lower concentration. Diffusion is driven by a gradient in Gibbs free energy or chemical potential. It is possible to diffuse "uphill" from a region
Diffusion
their mass to charge ratio. The ions gain velocity by an electrical potential gradient and are focused into a beam by electrostatic lenses. The ion beam
Thermal ionization mass spectrometry
Thermal_ionization_mass_spectrometry
Region in space where every point is at the same potential
in space. The gradient of the scalar potential (and hence also its opposite, as in the case of a vector field with an associated potential field) is everywhere
Equipotential
Membrane potential at which ionic current reverses
ionic species is involved. The voltage gradient at which this equilibrium is reached is the equilibrium potential for the ion and it can be calculated from
Reversal_potential
Model of intermolecular interactions
Lennard-Jones potential (also termed the LJ potential or 12-6 potential; named for John Lennard-Jones) is an intermolecular pair potential. Out of all the
Lennard-Jones_potential
Continuous movement of charge carriers
in the Earth's circuit are significant. At sea level, the typical potential gradient in fair weather is 120 V/m. Nonetheless, since the conductivity of
Global atmospheric electrical circuit
Global_atmospheric_electrical_circuit
Rate of temperature increase with depth in Earth's interior
Geothermal gradient is the rate of change in temperature with respect to increasing depth in Earth's interior. As a general rule, the crust temperature
Geothermal_gradient
situation Nomenclature Equations Gravitational potential gradient and field U = gravitational potential C = curved path traversed by a mass in the field
List of equations in gravitation
List_of_equations_in_gravitation
condensed matter. Under a thermal drive such as temperature gradient or chemical potential gradient, spin-up and spin-down carriers can flow perpendicularly
Spin_Nernst_Effect
low water potential of the atmosphere, and relatively higher (i.e. less negative) water potential inside leaves, leads to a diffusion gradient across the
Soil-plant-atmosphere continuum
Soil-plant-atmosphere_continuum
Exchange of mass, energy, and momentum between observed and studied systems
must be low enough that the chemical potential gradient is accurately represented by the concentration gradient (thus, the analogy has limited application
Transport_phenomena
Electric potential difference between interior and exterior of a biological cell
allows ions to overcome the potential difference. For a selectively permeable membrane, this permits a net flow against the gradient. Although the entire cell
Membrane_potential
environmental gradient, or climate gradient, is a change in abiotic (non-living) factors through space (or time). Environmental gradients can be related
Environmental_gradient
Velocity field as the gradient of a scalar function
hypothesis. Potential flow describes the velocity field as the gradient of a scalar function: the velocity potential. As a result, a potential flow is characterized
Potential_flow
Branch of astrophysics
to its potential, for example. Jeans Equation is a relation on how the pressure gradient of a system should be balancing the potential gradient for an
Stellar_dynamics
Optimization algorithm for artificial neural networks
In machine learning, backpropagation is a gradient computation method commonly used for training a neural network in computing parameter updates. It is
Backpropagation
Class of membrane transport proteins
root by H+-ATPase. This change in both the pH and electrochemical potential gradient between the inside of the cell and the outside produces a proton-motive
Symporter
Energy related to Earth's gravity
defined as the negative of the potential energy per unit mass, so that the gravity vector is obtained as the gradient of the geopotential, without the
Geopotential
Rate of change of the electric field at an atomic nucleus
In atomic, molecular, and solid-state physics, the electric field gradient (EFG) measures the rate of change of the electric field at an atomic nucleus
Electric_field_gradient
Transverse osmotic pressure within the cells of a root system
accumulating interior to the endodermis in the xylem create a water potential gradient and by osmosis, water diffuses from the moist soil, across the cortex
Root_pressure
Corrosion prevention technique
corrosive environment. The CP shielding phenomenon induces changes in the potential gradient of the CP system across the exterior coating, which are further pronounced
Cathodic_protection
Process of forming and bonding material by heat or pressure
caused by a gradient of chemical potential – atoms move from an area of higher chemical potential to an area of lower chemical potential. The different
Sintering
movement of water is the water potential gradient. The water potential gradient is defined by comparing the potential energy of water to pure water at
Hydraulic_signaling_in_plants
Neurobiological terminology
concentration gradient out of the cell. However, if the voltage is below the threshold, the neuron does not fire, but the membrane potential still fluctuates
Subthreshold membrane potential oscillations
Subthreshold_membrane_potential_oscillations
Enzyme
proteins that rotate relative to nearby stationary proteins, using a H+ potential gradient as an energy source. This link is tenuous, however, as the overall
ATP_synthase
Hollow electrical insulator
semi-conducting glaze may be used to assist in equalizing the electrical potential gradient along the length of the bushing. The inside of the porcelain bushing
Bushing_(electrical)
Energy-producing metabolic pathway
lower to a higher redox potential, is used by the complexes in the electron transport chain to create an electrochemical gradient of ions. It is this electrochemical
Electron_transport_chain
Metabolic medical condition
water is translocated from the blood to the rumen along the osmotic potential gradient, resulting in dehydration which cannot be relieved by drinking, and
Lactic_acidosis
Movement of molecules to lower concentration
shock Osmotic power Plasmolysis Reverse osmosis plant Salinity gradient power Water potential Histoire de l'Académie Royale des Sciences Année 1748, published
Osmosis
Measurement of variations in Earth's gravitational field
gravity field via measurements of the spatial gradient of gravitational acceleration. The gravity gradient tensor is a 3 × 3 tensor; it is given in coordinates
Gravity_gradiometry
Physical Process
lattice, attraction and repulsion between surface species and chemical potential gradients. It is an important concept in surface phase formation, epitaxial
Surface_diffusion
Life arising from non-living matter
concentration gradient—all particles including ions diffuse from higher concentration to lower. Electrostatic force caused by electrical potential gradient—cations
Abiogenesis
Electrokinetic phenomena
electrochemistry. They are an electric current or potential which originates when an electrolyte is driven by a pressure gradient through a channel or porous plug with
Streaming_current
Reverse osmosis transport model
process. Ion transport through the RO membrane is driven by the gradient of chemical potential within the membrane. The solution-friction model describes this
Solution-friction_model
Electric current produced in living cells
compartmentalization permitting the setting of a differential voltage/potential gradient (battery or voltage source) across the membrane, probably allowing
Developmental_bioelectricity
Measure of the tendency of a substance to gain or lose electrons
Electrochemical potential Electrolytic cell Electromotive force Fermi level Galvanic cell Oxygen radical absorbance capacity Redox gradient Solvated electron
Reduction_potential
Molecular interface between a surface and a fluid
can be anywhere from zero to over 109 V/m. These steep electric potential gradients are the reason for the importance of the DLs. The theory for a flat
Double layer (surface science)
Double_layer_(surface_science)
Self-amplifying chain of events
propagate by formation of electron avalanches created in the high potential gradient ahead of the streamers' advancing tips. Once begun, avalanches are
Chain_reaction
Electromagnetic effect of point charges
Liénard–Wiechert potentials describe the classical electromagnetic effect of a moving electric point charge in terms of a vector potential and a scalar potential in
Liénard–Wiechert_potential
Production of new offspring in plants
to allow for germination. The plant was able to perceive a water potential gradient in the surroundings, and act by giving its seeds a better chance in
Plant_reproduction
Critical potential value
electrophysiology, the threshold potential is the critical level to which a membrane potential must be depolarized to initiate an action potential. In neuroscience,
Threshold_potential
Mathematical model of a dendrite
voltage change as: where the negative is because current flows down the potential gradient. Letting Δx go towards zero and having infinitely small increments
Cable_theory
Electrokinetic potential in colloidal dispersions
and to generate an electric potential. This streaming potential is related to the pressure gradient between the ends of either a single flow channel (for
Zeta_potential
Growth of a plant in response to a water stimulus
signals of water potential gradients. Receptor-like kinases (RLKs) appear to be responsible for this sensing of water potential gradients because of their
Hydrotropism
Theory of gravity
Newtonian gravity, the proposed Lagrangian is non-quadratic in the potential gradient | ∇ Φ | {\displaystyle |\nabla \Phi |} . The gravitational force law
AQUAL
Water transport tissue in vascular plants
xylem osmotic pressure gradients, axial potential gradients in the vessels, and gel- and gas-bubble-supported interfacial gradients. Until recently, the
Xylem
Method of mass spectrometry
of the electric field: where Ep is potential energy, q is the charge of the particle, and U is the electric potential difference (also known as voltage)
Time-of-flight mass spectrometry
Time-of-flight_mass_spectrometry
Mathematical descriptions of molecular diffusion
the driving force for the diffusion of each species is the gradient of chemical potential of this species. Then Fick's first law (one-dimensional case)
Fick's_laws_of_diffusion
SI units Dimension Electric field, field strength, flux density, potential gradient E E = F q {\displaystyle \mathbf {E} ={\mathbf {F} \over q}\,\!} N
List of electromagnetism equations
List_of_electromagnetism_equations
Law of thermodynamics establishing the conservation of energy
cause transfer of another even when the latter has zero chemical potential gradient. Usually transfer between a system and its surroundings applies to
First_law_of_thermodynamics
Analytical technique based on determining mass to charge ratio of ions
by drift time through some neutral gas under an applied electrical potential gradient before being introduced into a mass spectrometer. Drift time is a
Mass_spectrometry
Process of releasing energy from nutrients using inorganic electron acceptors
comprises the electron transport chain that establishes a proton gradient (chemiosmotic potential) across the boundary of the inner membrane by oxidizing the
Cellular_respiration
Charged particle acceleration technique
the electric field associated with an electron plasma wave or other high-gradient plasma structures. These structures are created using either ultra-short
Plasma_acceleration
Variation potential propagation is accomplished hydraulically by moving with a rapid pressure increase that establishes an axial pressure gradient in the
Variation_potential
POTENTIAL GRADIENT
POTENTIAL GRADIENT
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Real Man; The Man who have a Hugh Potentials
Boy/Male
Hindu
Real Man i.e. the Man who have a hugh potentials
Boy/Male
Tamil
Real Man i.e. the Man who have a hugh potentials
Boy/Male
Bengali, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu, Traditional
Full of Youthful Potential
Boy/Male
Tamil
Ilancheliyan | இலாநà¯à®šà¯‡à®²à®¿à®¯à®¾à®
Full of youthful potential
Ilancheliyan | இலாநà¯à®šà¯‡à®²à®¿à®¯à®¾à®
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Potential
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada
Sun; A Fresh Start; A Renewed Ambition; Victorious; Potential; Shining Star; Bright; Luminous; Morning
POTENTIAL GRADIENT
POTENTIAL GRADIENT
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Various; Soldier
Girl/Female
Biblical
Erudition, discipline.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Omkareshwar | ஓமகாரேஷà¯à®µà®°
Lord Shiva
Boy/Male
Irish
From the red ford.
Boy/Male
British, English
Lives Near the Bridge over the White Water
Boy/Male
Hindu
Destroyer of all obstacles & impediments
Boy/Male
Australian, Polish
Good; All-right
Boy/Male
Arabic
Nose; Smell
Boy/Male
Tamil
Ramkumar | ராமகà¯à®®à®¾à®°
Lord Rama
Girl/Female
Tamil
POTENTIAL GRADIENT
POTENTIAL GRADIENT
POTENTIAL GRADIENT
POTENTIAL GRADIENT
POTENTIAL GRADIENT
n.
Anything that may be possible; a possibility; potentially.
n.
The quality or state of being potential; possibility, not actuality; inherent capability or disposition, not actually exhibited.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Potentiate
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Potentize
n.
The energy of an electrical charge measured by its power to do work; hence, the degree of electrification as referred to some standard, as that of the earth; electro-motive force.
n.
An actuality; a conception completely actualized, in distinction from mere potential existence.
a.
Having the same potential.
a.
Being potent; endowed with energy adequate to a result; efficacious; influential.
v. t.
To render active or potent.
n.
Potentiality; efficacy; potential existence.
adv.
In a potential manner; possibly, not positively.
a.
Existing in possibility, not in actuality.
imp. & p. p.
of Potentiate
v. t.
To render the latent power of (anything) available.
n.
Electric potential or potential difference, expressed in volts.
n.
An instrument for measuring or comparing electrial potentials or electro-motive forces.
n.
In the theory of gravitation, or of other forces acting in space, a function of the rectangular coordinates which determine the position of a point, such that its differential coefficients with respect to the coordinates are equal to the components of the force at the point considered; -- also called potential function, or force function. It is called also Newtonian potential when the force is directed to a fixed center and is inversely as the square of the distance from the center.
imp. & p. p.
of Potentize
n.
An instrument for measuring in volts the differences of potential between different points of an electrical circuit.
adv.
With power; potently.