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Mass diffusivity of a chemical species without a chemical potential gradient
Self-diffusion describes the diffusive motions of molecules within themselves e.g. the movement of a water molecule in water. According to the IUPAC definition
Self-diffusion
Thermal motion of liquid or gas particles at temperatures above absolute zero
gradient, the process of molecular diffusion has ceased and is instead governed by the process of self-diffusion, originating from the random motion
Molecular_diffusion
Transport of dissolved species from the highest to the lowest concentration region
Diffusion is the net movement of anything (for example, atoms, ions, molecules, energy) generally from a region of higher concentration to a region of
Diffusion
Particle behavior in systems of length less than the mean free path
of the molecule itself. The diffusivity for Knudsen diffusion is obtained from the self-diffusion coefficient derived from the kinetic theory of gases:
Knudsen_diffusion
Method of utilizing water in magnetic resonance imaging
Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI or DW-MRI) is the use of specific MRI sequences as well as software that generates images from the
Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging
Diffusion-weighted_magnetic_resonance_imaging
Atomic diffusion within a crystalline lattice
lattice diffusion (self-diffusion for example), the atom can only move by switching places with another atom. Substitutional lattice diffusion is often
Lattice_diffusion_coefficient
Diffusion model over latent embedding space
performing diffusion modeling in a latent space, and by allowing self-attention and cross-attention conditioning. LDMs are widely used in practical diffusion models
Latent_diffusion_model
Net transport of atoms through a solid
lattice diffusion (self-diffusion for example), the atom can only move by substituting place with another atom. Substitutional lattice diffusion is often
Atomic_diffusion
Technique for the generative modeling of a continuous probability distribution
In machine learning, diffusion models, also known as diffusion-based generative models or score-based generative models, are a class of latent variable
Diffusion_model
Type of mathematical model
Reaction–diffusion systems are mathematical models that correspond to several physical phenomena. The most common is the change in space and time of the
Reaction–diffusion_system
Topics referred to by the same term
region of higher concentration Rotational diffusion Self-diffusion Surface diffusion Thermodiffusion Demic diffusion of a population to a new area (uninhabited
Diffusion_(disambiguation)
Theory on how and why new ideas spread
Diffusion of innovations is a theory that seeks to explain how, why, and at what rate new ideas and technology spread. The theory was popularized by Everett
Diffusion_of_innovations
Chemical data page for water
Manfred; Heil, Stefan R.; Sacco, Antonio (2000). "Temperature-dependent self-diffusion coefficients of water and six selected molecular liquids for calibration
Water_(data_page)
Embrittlement caused by diffusion of metal in a base metal
surface diffusion of embrittler Surface diffusion of the embrittler over a layer of embrittler The main mechanism of transport for SMIE is surface self-diffusion
Metal-induced_embrittlement
Proportionality constant in some physical laws
diffusivity or diffusion coefficient is usually written as the proportionality constant between the molar flux due to molecular diffusion and the negative
Mass_diffusivity
Equation that describes density changes of a material that is diffusing in a medium
Continuity equation Heat equation Self-similar solutions Reaction-diffusion equation Fokker–Planck equation Fick's laws of diffusion Maxwell–Stefan equation Radiative
Diffusion_equation
Material deformation mechanism
the average tensile stresses across the grain boundaries are zero. Self-diffusion within the grains of a polycrystalline solid can cause the solid to
Nabarro–Herring_creep
Diffusion coefficient of a diffusant along a grain boundary
at lower temperatures in metals and metal alloys. Take the apparent self-diffusion coefficient for single-crystal and polycrystal silver, for example.
Grain boundary diffusion coefficient
Grain_boundary_diffusion_coefficient
Physical Process
Surface diffusion is a general process involving the motion of adatoms, molecules, and atomic clusters (adparticles) at solid material surfaces. The process
Surface_diffusion
Property of solid materials under mechanical stress
controlled by the movement of dislocations. For dislocation creep, Q = Q(self diffusion), 4 ≤ m ≤ 6, and b < 1. Therefore, dislocation creep has a strong dependence
Creep_(deformation)
Partial differential equation describing the evolution of temperature in a region
^{2}u} In physics and engineering contexts, especially in the context of diffusion through a medium, it is more common to fix a Cartesian coordinate system
Heat_equation
American physicist (1924–2023)
1951 and 1958, respectively. His doctoral dissertation was entitled “Self-Diffusion in Alpha Solid Solutions of Silver-Cadmium and Silver-Indium.” After
Alan_Schoen
Sociopsychological phenomenon
Diffusion of responsibility is a sociopsychological phenomenon whereby a person is less likely to take responsibility for action or inaction when other
Diffusion_of_responsibility
Mathematical descriptions of molecular diffusion
Fick's laws of diffusion describe diffusion and were first posited by Adolf Fick in 1855 on the basis of largely experimental results. They can be used
Fick's_laws_of_diffusion
Process of forming order by local interactions
turbulent structure. Self-organization in chemistry includes drying-induced self-assembly, molecular self-assembly, reaction–diffusion systems and oscillating
Self-organization
Battery with solid electrodes and a solid electrolyte
relatively low melting point of 453K and a low activation energy for self-diffusion of 50 kJ/mol, indicating its high propensity to significantly creep
Solid-state_battery
Concept from evolutionary biology
different self-emergent patterns from a uniform field of cells. This mode of pattern formation may act in tandem with classical reaction-diffusion systems
Turing_pattern
Human emotional need
and thought diffusion are recommended as interventions to help protect self-esteem, especially in the preoperative period. Body image, self-esteem, and
Self-esteem
Equation in Brownian motion
\eta \,r}}.} This has been applied for many years to estimating the self-diffusion coefficient in liquids, and a version consistent with isomorph theory
Einstein relation (kinetic theory)
Einstein_relation_(kinetic_theory)
Plate-like microstructure in steels
iron self-diffusion is limited but there is insufficient driving force to form martensite. The bainite, like martensite, grows without diffusion but some
Bainite
Deficiency or inability to maintain one or more major components of identity
disturbance or identity diffusion is an inability to maintain major components of identity. It refers to the fragmentation of one's self-image. In the DSM-5
Identity_disturbance
Psychology concept
In psychology, self-efficacy is an individual's belief in their capacity to act in the ways necessary to reach specific goals. The concept was originally
Self-efficacy
Concept in physics
Self-organized criticality (SOC) is a property of dynamical systems that have a critical point as an attractor. Their macroscopic behavior thus displays
Self-organized_criticality
Medical doctor, physicist, member of the Institut de France
principles of MRI of the diffusion tensor. Basser, P.J.; Mattiello, J.; Lebihan, D. (1994). "Estimation of the Effective Self-Diffusion Tensor from the NMR
Denis_Le_Bihan
Response of spin to electromagnetic radiation
semiconductor optics J. E. Tanner & E. O. Stejskal (2003). "Restricted Self-Diffusion of Protons in Colloidal Systems by the Pulsed-Gradient, Spin-Echo Method"
Spin_echo
Indian physicist
Pathak, S. Ranganathan and R. E. Johnson) Phys. Rev. E 50, 1135 (1994). Self-diffusion coefficients of Lennard-Jones fluids (K Tankeshwar, K N Pathak and S
K_N_Pathak
Physical phenomenon
electromagnetic interactions. In collisional plasmas, diffusion processes are influenced by self-consistent electromagnetic fields that arise when electrons
Plasma_diffusion
Technique used to study & characterize materials
development of polymer dynamics: Viscoelasticity, dielectric dispersion and self-diffusion". Macromolecules. 24 (19): 5237–5245. Bibcode:1991MaMol..24.5237F. doi:10
Dynamic_mechanical_analysis
American professor of chemistry
used PFG NMR to follow the diffusion of small molecules or ions and determine their self-diffusion coefficient. Diffusion in these systems was observed
Alan_A._Jones
Taiwanese mathematician
Wei-Ming. Diffusion, self-diffusion and cross-diffusion. J. Differential Equations 131 (1996), no. 1, 79–131. Ni, Wei-Ming. Diffusion, cross-diffusion, and
Wei-Ming_Ni
American physicist (1910–1989)
ISSN 0031-899X. Steigman, J.; Shockley, W.; Nix, F. C. (July 1, 1939). "The Self-Diffusion of Copper". Physical Review. 56 (1). American Physical Society (APS):
William_Shockley
Solution to a stochastic differential equation
and statistics, diffusion processes are a class of continuous-time Markov process with almost surely continuous sample paths. Diffusion processes are stochastic
Diffusion_process
Movement of entangled polymer chains
dynamic phase transition. Due to the reptation motion the coefficient of self-diffusion and conformational relaxation times of macromolecules depend on the
Reptation
V {\displaystyle V} , the surface area S {\displaystyle S} and the self-diffusion d {\displaystyle d} : 1 T i = ( 1 − δ S V ) 1 T i b + δ S V 1 T i s
Nuclear magnetic resonance in porous media
Nuclear_magnetic_resonance_in_porous_media
A diffusion barrier is a thin layer (usually micrometres thick) of metal usually placed between two other metals. It is done to act as a barrier to protect
Diffusion_barrier
Mathematical models for calculating viscosity
using mixing rules. If the self-diffusion coefficient is included in the governing equations, probably via the diffusion equation, use of four characteristic
Viscosity_models_for_mixtures
Chemical element with atomic number 19 (K)
"New equations of state describing both the dynamic viscosity and self-diffusion coefficient for potassium and thallium in their fluid phases". Physics
Potassium
Physical phenomenon
The diffusion of plasma across a magnetic field was conjectured to follow the Bohm diffusion scaling as indicated from the early plasma experiments of
Bohm_diffusion
Diffusion process with a non-linear relationship to time
Anomalous diffusion is a diffusion process with a non-linear relationship between the mean squared displacement (MSD), ⟨ r 2 ( τ ) ⟩ {\displaystyle \langle
Anomalous_diffusion
Concentration of surfactants above which micelles form
NMR chemical shifts, absorption, self-diffusion coefficients, fluorescence intensity and mean translational diffusion coefficient of fluorescent dyes in
Critical micelle concentration
Critical_micelle_concentration
(2002). "pVT–Second Virial Coefficients B(T), Viscosity eta(T), and Self-Diffusion rhoD(T) of the Gases: BF3, CF4, SiF4, CCl4, SiCl4, SF6, MoF6, WF6, UF6
List_of_viscosities
Algerian Gnawa music band based in France
Gnawa Diffusion is an Algerian Gnawa music band based in Grenoble, France. The group's lead singer, Amazigh (literally meaning 'Free Man' in Tamazight)
Gnawa_Diffusion
Substances that can repair themselves
polymers with self-healing ability. Finally, an alternative method for achieving intrinsic self-healing is based on molecular diffusion. Reversible systems
Self-healing_material
Chemical element with atomic number 94 (Pu)
highest temperature solid allotrope, exhibits anomalously high atomic self-diffusion compared to other elements. Plutonium is a radioactive actinide metal
Plutonium
NMR apparatus suitable for Pulsed Gradient Spin Echo measurements of self-diffusion under Antarctic conditions, Rev.Sci Instr. 68, 4263-4270 (1997) "Viclink :
Magritek
Method used in magnetic resonance imaging
the signal acquired with diffusion MRI. In this model, biological tissue contains two distinct environments: molecular diffusion of water in the tissue
Intravoxel_incoherent_motion
Research of materials
evolving in materials including shape, size, composition and structure. Diffusion is important in the study of kinetics as this is the most common mechanism
Materials_science
Manhattan Project codename for a program to produce enriched uranium
program to produce enriched uranium for atomic bombs using the gaseous diffusion method. Originally the codename for the product, over time it came to
K-25
Physical and chemical properties of pure water
difference in boiling points allows the isotopologues to be separated. The self-diffusion coefficient of H 2O at 25 °C is 23% higher than the value of D 2O. Because
Properties_of_water
Equation in Fluid Mechanics, relating density & pressure
new single equation of state to describe the dynamic viscosity and self-diffusion coefficient for all fluid phases of water from 200 to 1800 K based on
Tait_equation
Predisposition to hide embarrassing information
Self-concealment is a psychological construct defined as "a predisposition to actively conceal from others personal information that one perceives as distressing
Self-concealment
Machine learning technique useful for dimensionality reduction
A self-organizing map (SOM) or self-organizing feature map (SOFM) is an unsupervised machine learning technique used to produce a low-dimensional (typically
Self-organizing_map
1952 scholarly article by Alan Turing
homogeneous, uniform state. The theory, which can be called a reaction–diffusion theory of morphogenesis, has become a basic model in theoretical biology
The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis
The_Chemical_Basis_of_Morphogenesis
Bond transition dependent defect in the structure of molecular materials
doi:10.1016/0009-2614(86)80661-3. Dienes, G. J. (1952). "Mechanism for Self‐Diffusion in Graphite". Journal of Applied Physics. 23 (11): 1194–1200. Bibcode:1952JAP
Stone–Wales_defect
Delusion that others can hear one's thoughts
individuals with schizophrenia. Thought broadcasting is linked with problems of self-other control (the capacity to distinguish oneself from others). This type
Thought_broadcasting
using pulsed-gradient spin-echo methodology for studying molecular self-diffusion and electrophoretic movement. The work (almost 200 peer-reviewed papers)
Peter_Stilbs
Increase in size of a material's crystallites at high temperature
the activation energy for boundary mobility should equal that for self-diffusion but this is often found not to be the case. In general these equations
Grain_growth
System where changes of output are not proportional to changes of input
Solitons – self-reinforcing solitary waves Limit cycles – asymptotic periodic orbits to which destabilized fixed points are attracted. Self-oscillations
Nonlinear_system
explaining the formation of the branching, self-similar Lichtenberg figures. Eden growth model Lichtenberg figure Diffusion-limited aggregation Niemeyer, L.; Pietronero
Dielectric_breakdown_model
Process in which disordered components form an organized structure or pattern
that behavior. Self-assembly in microscopic systems usually starts from diffusion, followed by the nucleation of seeds, subsequent growth of the seeds,
Self-assembly
American mechanical engineer
needed] "Molecular hopping in solid-like liquids: Understanding the self-diffusion and viscosity of liquid molecules". 3 September 2021. Keanini, Russell
Russell_Keanini
New technologies actively in development
radar Prototypes Radio-frequency identification Diffusion of high cost Smartstores – RFID-based self-checkout (keeping track of all incoming and outgoing
List_of_emerging_technologies
System property to handle growing work
Fractals Reaction–diffusion systems Partial differential equations Dissipative structures Percolation Cellular automata Spatial ecology Self-replication Geomorphology
Scalability
Group of metalworking techniques
pipe diffusion along dislocations Q m {\displaystyle Q_{m}} : activation energy for vacancy migration Q {\displaystyle Q} : activation energy for self-diffusion)
Severe_plastic_deformation
Machine learning paradigm
Self-supervised learning (SSL) is a paradigm in machine learning where a model is trained on a task using the data itself to generate supervisory signals
Self-supervised_learning
Bangladeshi-British businessperson and former hedge fund manager (born 1983)
initially self-funded the company, but later received investments from other companies. Stability AI's well-known AI image generator, Stable Diffusion, originated
Emad_Mostaque
Genre of art
the 2020s, text-to-image models such as Midjourney, DALL-E and Stable Diffusion became widely available to the public, allowing users to quickly generate
AI_art
Fabrication or exaggeration of victimhood
others, to manipulate others, a coping strategy, attention seeking or diffusion of responsibility. A person who repeatedly does this is known as a professional
Playing_the_victim
Ryerson, Frederick J.; Du Frane, Wyatt L. (13 July 2017). "Hydrogen self-diffusion in single crystal olivine and electrical conductivity of the Earth's
Melt_inclusion
Ceramic engineer
of Sintering Solids by Viscous Flow, Evaporation-Condensation, and Self-Diffusion". Journal of Applied Physics. 26 (10): 1205. Bibcode:1955JAP....26.1205K
W._David_Kingery
Indian physicist
times Horbach J, Das SK, Griesche A, Macht MP, Frohberg G, Meyer A. Self-diffusion and interdiffusion in Al 80 Ni 20 melts: Simulation and experiment.
Subir_Das
Subset of artificial intelligence
in the field of computer gaming and artificial intelligence. The synonym self-teaching computers was also used during this time period. The earliest machine
Machine_learning
American physicist
uranium isotopes. With Beams as his thesis advisor, Ney measured the self-diffusion coefficient of uranium hexafluoride. At the time, his results were classified
Edward_P._Ney
Stochastic diffusion search (SDS) was first described in 1989 as a population-based, pattern-matching algorithm. It belongs to a family of swarm intelligence
Stochastic_diffusion_search
Type of machine learning model
et al. (2023). "Self-Instruct: Aligning Language Models with Self-Generated Instructions". Self-Instruct: Aligning Language Model with Self Generated Instructions
Large_language_model
American academic (1935–2024)
Dissertation: The Effect of Dislocation Density and Dislocation Climb on Self Diffusion in Nickel. Dissertation Committee: John E. Dorn (Chairman), Frank Hauser
A._R._Frank_Wazzan
Selective surface Self-amplified stimulated emission Self-averaging Self-diffusion Self-energy Self-focusing transducers Self-information Self-interacting dark
Index_of_physics_articles_(S)
Type of rechargeable battery
increase of the amount of electrolyte (causing reduction in the hydrogen diffusion in electrolyte), removal of Cu-containing components (causing reduction
Nickel–metal_hydride_battery
Model of intermolecular interactions
coefficient. Also transport properties (viscosity, heat conductivity, and self diffusion coefficient) of the Lennard-Jones fluid have been studied, but the database
Lennard-Jones_potential
Diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) or diffusion quantum Monte Carlo is a quantum Monte Carlo method that uses a Green's function to calculate low-lying energies
Diffusion_Monte_Carlo
1826–1846 British organization
The Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge (SDUK) was founded in London in 1826, mainly at the instigation of Whig MP Henry Brougham, with the
Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge
Society_for_the_Diffusion_of_Useful_Knowledge
Film series
investigations in all branches of general science; introductory experiment of self-diffusion of metals; nine additional experimental problems solved through the
Professional_Medical_Film
Ability of a body to store an electrical charge
related notions of capacitance: self-capacitance and mutual capacitance. An object that can be electrically charged exhibits self-capacitance, for which the
Capacitance
American theoretical physical chemist (1930–2025)
(October 15, 1965). "On the Theory of the Concentration Dependence of the Self‐Diffusion Coefficient of Micelles". The Journal of Chemical Physics. 43 (8): 2873–2877
Robert_Marc_Mazo
Computer simulations to discover and understand chemical properties
potential; calculations of system properties, such as the coefficient of self-diffusion, compared well with experimental data. Today, the Lennard-Jones potential
Molecular_dynamics
Type of large language model
transformer-based models are used for text-to-image technologies such as diffusion and parallel decoding. Such kinds of models can serve as visual foundation
Generative pre-trained transformer
Generative_pre-trained_transformer
Structuring text as input to generative artificial intelligence
depth-first, or beam. In 2022, text-to-image models like DALL-E 2, Stable Diffusion, and Midjourney were released to the public. These models take text prompts
Prompt_engineering
Australian scientist
heat flow, the colour conductivity method for the determination of self diffusion. He is also well known for the development of links between the theory
Denis_Evans
Neologism from online manosphere communities
Looksmaxxing (/ˈlʊksˌmæksɪŋ/; LUUKS-MAK-sing) is an online self-improvement practice from the manosphere focused on maximizing one's physical attractiveness
Looksmaxxing
Political party in Poland
and The Limits of Diffusion in Polish Accession to the European Union (PDF). University of Michigan Library. p. 150. Samoobrona (Self Defense), another
Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland
Self-Defence_of_the_Republic_of_Poland
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