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Topics referred to by the same term
Look up photoreceptor in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Photoreceptor can refer to: In anatomy/cell biology: Photoreceptor cell, a photosensitive cell
Photoreceptor
Type of neuroepithelial cell
A photoreceptor cell is a specialized type of neuroepithelial cell found in the retina that is capable of visual phototransduction. The great biological
Photoreceptor_cell
Part of the eye
epithelial cells. The primary light-sensing cells in the retina are the photoreceptor cells, which are of two types: rods and cones. Rods function mainly
Retina
Simple eye without retina
ocelli and ommatidium have simple photoreceptors. Many have various forms of retinula (a retina-like cluster of photoreceptor cells), including the ommatidia
Simple_eye_in_invertebrates
Molecular photoreceptors
Photoreceptor proteins are light-sensitive proteins involved in the sensing and response to light in a variety of organisms. Some examples are rhodopsin
Photoreceptor_protein
Process by which light activates retinal cells
transduction process of the visual system by which light is detected by photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) in the vertebrate retina. A photon is absorbed
Visual_phototransduction
Gradual retinal degeneration leading to progressive sight loss
genes. The underlying mechanism involves the progressive loss of rod photoreceptor cells that line the retina of the eyeball. The rod cells secrete a neuroprotective
Retinitis_pigmentosa
vertebrate eyes. They help integrate and regulate the input from multiple photoreceptor cells. Among their functions, horizontal cells are believed to be responsible
Retina_horizontal_cell
Component of compound eyes of arthropods
ommatidia (sing.: ommatidium). An ommatidium contains a cluster of photoreceptor cells surrounded by support cells and pigment cells. The outer part
Ommatidium
Order of crustaceans
compound eye is made up of tens of thousands of ommatidia, clusters of photoreceptor cells. Each eye consists of two flattened hemispheres separated by parallel
Mantis_shrimp
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
which has an essential role in the precise interactions between the photoreceptor ribbon synapse and the bipolar dendrites. The binding with dystroglycan
Pikachurin
Photoreceptive organelle
nature, composed of photoreceptors and areas of bright orange-red red pigment granules. Signals relayed from the eyespot photoreceptors result in alteration
Eyespot_apparatus
Class of photoreceptors in plants and animals
was proposed as a portmanteau combining the chromatic nature of the photoreceptor, and the cryptogamic organisms on which many blue-light studies were
Cryptochrome
fall into two groups on the basis of their photoreceptor's cellular construction, with the photoreceptor cells either being ciliated (as in the vertebrates)
Eye
Type of neuron
between photoreceptors (rod cells and cone cells) and ganglion cells. They act, directly or indirectly, to transmit signals from the photoreceptors to the
Retina_bipolar_cell
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
The photoreceptor cell-specific nuclear receptor (PNR), also known as NR2E3 (nuclear receptor subfamily 2, group E, member 3), is a protein that in humans
Photoreceptor cell-specific nuclear receptor
Photoreceptor_cell-specific_nuclear_receptor
The elements composing the layer of rods and cones (Jacob's membrane) in the retina of the eye are of two kinds, rod cells and cone cells, the former being
Layer_of_rods_and_cones
Chemical compound
compared to the vehicle. Electroretinography (ERG), photoreceptor cell counts, cone photoreceptor nuclei counts, and TUNEL labeling were all analyzed
Ursodoxicoltaurine
Photoreceptor cells responsible for color vision made to function in bright light
Cone cells or cones are photoreceptor cells in the retina of the vertebrate eye. Cones are active in daylight conditions and enable photopic vision, as
Cone_cell
Medical condition
epithelium and outer segment layer of photoreceptors. Damage to the outer segment often results in photoreceptor death through uncertain mechanisms. Usually
Berlin's_edema
Unstable pigments that undergo a chemical change when they absorb light
photoreception. In medical terminology, "photopigment" commonly refers to the photoreceptor proteins of the retina. Photosynthetic pigments convert light into biochemical
Photopigment
Photoreceptor cells that can function in lower light better than cone cells
cells are photoreceptor cells in the retina of the eye that can function in lower light better than the other type of visual photoreceptor, cone cells
Rod_cell
Subclass of sessile marine crustaceans
hairs on the limbs being especially sensitive. The adult has three photoreceptors (ocelli), one median and two lateral. These record the stimulus for
Barnacle
Ability to see in low light conditions
back through the retina thus increasing the light available to the photoreceptors. Night-useful spectral range techniques can sense radiation that is
Night_vision
Domesticated species of canid
Burda H, Winklhofer M, et al. (2016). "Cryptochrome 1 in Retinal Cone Photoreceptors Suggests a Novel Functional Role in Mammals". Scientific Reports. 6
Dog
Origins and diversification of the organs of sight through geologic time
However, even photoreceptor cells may have evolved more than once from molecularly similar chemoreceptor cells. Probably, photoreceptor cells existed
Evolution_of_the_eye
Dark spot on the compound eyes of some invertebrates
which are repeated in a symmetrical pattern. Each ommatidium contains 8 photoreceptor cells, each of which forms a rhabdomere (rhabdomeres 7 and 8 overlap
Pseudopupil
Type of neuron in the retina of the mammalian eye
neuron in the retina of the mammalian eye. The presence of an additional photoreceptor was first suspected in 1927 when mice lacking rod and cone cells still
Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell
Intrinsically_photosensitive_retinal_ganglion_cell
Concept in the study of perception
single class of photoreceptors cannot unambiguously determine either the wavelength or intensity of incident light. A single photoreceptor produces a one-dimensional
Principle_of_univariance
Light-sensitive receptor protein
receptors that bind retinal and as a result become a light-sensitive photoreceptor, including all closely related proteins. When Wald and colleagues later
Rhodopsin
Photoreceptor phosphodiesterase 6 (PDE6 or PDE-6) is a protein complex family, which is highly concentrated in the retina. cGMP PDE6A PDE6B PDE6C PDE6D
PDE6
Mammalian protein found in humans
retina localizing in outer segment disk edges of rod photoreceptors. Previously known as the photoreceptor rim protein RmP or ABCR, the recently proposed ABCA4
ABCA4
Phenomenon in which the crowns of fully stocked trees do not touch each other
similar systems of photoreceptor-mediated inhibition of growth as explanations of crown shyness, though a causal link between photoreceptors and crown asymmetry
Crown_shyness
Gene in Drosophila eye development
receptor tyrosine kinase protein essential to the development of the R7 photoreceptor cells in the Drosophila embryonic eye. The Drosophila ommatidium contains
Sevenless
Conversion of sensory stimuli
events that result in a reduction of the electrochemical gradient of the photoreceptor. The decrease in the electrochemical gradient causes a reduction in
Transduction_(physiology)
Part of the nervous system
concentration. Photoreceptors are neuron cells and are specialized units that play the main role in initiating vision function. Photoreceptors are light-sensitive
Sensory_nervous_system
retina, where it is involved in the control of cell cycle progression of photoreceptor progenitor cells. Long noncoding RNA Meola N, Pizzo M, Alfano G, Surace
Vax2os1
British biologist
transplantation of photoreceptors Retinal repair by transplantation of photoreceptor precursors Fox's in development and disease Photoreceptor precursors derived
Jane_Sowden
Class of light-sensitive proteins
still called opsins regardless. Most prominently, they are found in photoreceptor cells of the retina. Five classical groups of opsins are involved in
Opsin
Directed movement of a motile cell or organism in response to light
structures: The rhabdomeric photoreceptor cells of the eyes and in the deep brain the ciliary photoreceptor cells. The ciliary photoreceptor cells express a ciliary
Phototaxis
Reaction to incoming photons
mammalian eye are a separate class of light-detecting cells from the photoreceptor cells that function in vision. Sensitivity of the skin to a light source
Photosensitivity
Endocrine gland in the brain of most vertebrates
pattern suggests that the pineal gland was originally a kind of atrophied photoreceptor that developed into a neuroendocrine organ. Galen in the 2nd century
Pineal_gland
Ability to perceive differences in light frequency
differential stimulation of different types of photoreceptors by light entering the eye. Those photoreceptors then emit outputs that are propagated through
Color_vision
Type of color vision with four types of cone cells
insensitive). Tetrachromacy requires that there be four independent photoreceptor cell classes with different spectral sensitivity. However, there must
Tetrachromacy
Clinical-stage biotechnology company developing novel cell therapies
neuropathy; and (v) PNC1, a photoreceptor neural cell therapy for the potential treatment of vision loss due to photoreceptor dysfunction or damage. Lineage
Lineage_Cell_Therapeutics
border cytoskeleton cell projection microvillus cytosol photoreceptor outer segment photoreceptor inner segment plasma membrane stereocilium synapse stereocilia
USH1C
Genus of praying mantises
composed of thousands of individual photoreceptor cells, enable good eyesight. The arrangement of photoreceptor units, for instance, allows the insect
Idolomantis
second kind) is a property of the directional sensitivity of the cone photoreceptors of the human eye. The Stiles–Crawford effect of the first kind is that
Stiles–Crawford_effect
Responses of organisms to the relative lengths of light and dark periods
flowering plants (angiosperms) use a circadian rhythm together with photoreceptor protein, such as phytochrome or cryptochrome, to sense seasonal changes
Photoperiodism
Ability to interpret the surrounding environment using light in the visible spectrum
The photoreceptors are broadly classed into cone cells and rod cells, which enable photopic and scotopic vision, respectively. These photoreceptors' signals
Visual_perception
Pattern of neurons on the retina
to image the photoreceptor mosaic (i.e. the distribution of rods and cones) in living humans, enabling the detailed study of photoreceptor density and
Retinal_mosaic
Origin and variation of colour vision across various lineages through geologic time
discriminate wavelengths. There must be at least two different classes of photoreceptors sensitive to different ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum, and their
Evolution_of_color_vision
Main cells contained in the pineal gland
night cycle. It has been suggested that pinealocytes are derived from photoreceptor cells. Research has also shown the decline in the number of pinealocytes
Pinealocyte
Senses for birds
cells with the associated neurons and blood vessels. The density of the photoreceptors is critical in determining the maximum attainable visual acuity. Humans
Bird_vision
Visual organ found in arthropods such as insects and crustaceans
independent photoreception units that consist of a cornea, lens, and photoreceptor cells which distinguish brightness and color. The image perceived by
Compound_eye
Species of annelid worm
the simplest eyes in the animal kingdom, each eye consists only of a photoreceptor cell and a pigment cell. P. dumerilii worms have a ciliated surface
Platynereis_dumerilii
Visual sensory organs of cephalopod molluscs
iris, a circular lens, vitreous cavity (eye gel), pigment cells, and photoreceptor cells that translate light from the light-sensitive retina into nerve
Cephalopod_eye
senses such as vision and hearing. Ribbon synapses are found in retinal photoreceptor cells, vestibular organ receptors, cochlear hair cells, retinal bipolar
Ribbon_synapse
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
rhodopsin and photopsin (types I, II, and III) in the rod and cone photoreceptor cells, respectively. In humans, melanopsin is found in intrinsically
Melanopsin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
neuronal calcium-binding protein that is primarily detected in the photoreceptor cells of the eye. It plays a key role in the inhibition of rhodopsin
Recoverin
a retina consisting of both rod cells and cone cells, which are the photoreceptor cells for two parallel but mostly separate visual systems. The rods
Duplex_retina
Nerve cell that converts environmental stimuli into corresponding internal stimuli
chemoreceptors such as olfactory receptors (smell), taste receptors, photoreceptors (vision), thermoreceptors (temperature), nociceptors (pain), hair cells
Sensory_neuron
Blue light photoreceptor in fungi
First, it is the primary photoreceptor for Neurospora and the founding member of the class of principle blue light photoreceptors in all of the fungi. Second
White_Collar-1
Gill-bearing non-tetrapod aquatic vertebrates
; Pugh, Edward N. (2007). "Evolution of the vertebrate eye: opsins, photoreceptors, retina and eye cup". Nature Reviews Neuroscience. 8 (12): 960–976.
Fish
Protein-coding gene in humans
polymerization. The encoded protein is a protein associated with the photoreceptor cell microtubules in the retina and is necessary for the correct stacking
RP1
Medical condition
nucleotide-gated ion channel proteins CNGA3 (ACHM2) and CNGB3 (ACHM3) the cone photoreceptor transducin (GNAT2, ACHM4), subunits of cone phosphodiesterase PDE6C
Achromatopsia
Family of basal chelicerates
an "imperfect hexagonal array" and have a highly variable number of photoreceptors (between 4 and 20) in their retina. Although each ommatidium typically
Horseshoe_crab
Delimited medium where some stimuli can evoke neuronal responses
cell in the retina of the eye is composed of input from all of the photoreceptors which synapse with it, and a group of ganglion cells in turn forms the
Receptive_field
Advanced form of age-related macular degeneration
result in the progressive and irreversible loss of retinal tissue (photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, choriocapillaris) which can lead to a loss
Geographic_atrophy
Physiological process
from the opsin protein. Each molecule of retinal must travel from the photoreceptor cell to the RPE and back in order to be refreshed and combined with
Visual_cycle
Blindpoint of human eye
in the visual field that corresponds to the lack of light-detecting photoreceptor cells on the optic disc of the retina where the optic nerve passes through
Blind_spot_(vision)
Light-mediated plant development
The photoreceptors for red and far-red wavelengths are known as phytochromes. There are at least 5 members of the phytochrome family of photoreceptors. There
Photomorphogenesis
Electrostatic digital printing process
a primary charge roller, projects an electrostatic charge onto the photoreceptor (otherwise named the photoconductor unit), a revolving photosensitive
Laser_printing
Ciliopathic recessive genetic disorder
poor visual acuity, low vision, and/or blindness caused by an impaired photoreceptor transport mechanism in the retina. "Brachydactyly, syndactyly of both
Bardet–Biedl_syndrome
Argentine neuroscientist
his colleagues described those molecular species of phospholipids in photoreceptors contain two docosahexaenoyl chains per molecule, rather than a saturated
Nicolas_Bazan
Protein used by plants, bacteria and fungi to detect light
Phytochromes are a class of photoreceptor proteins found in plants, bacteria and fungi. They respond to light in the red and far-red regions of the visible
Phytochrome
Range of light at the extreme red end of the visible spectrum
absorbance spectrum of chlorophyll, and it is perceived by the plant photoreceptor phytochrome. However, some organisms can use it as a source of energy
Far-red_light
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
the inner segment of mammalian photoreceptors. In Drosophila, crumbs localizes to the stalk of the fly photoreceptor and may be a component of the molecular
CRB1
Small column of oil
droplets are found in the eyes of some animals, being located in the photoreceptor cells. They are especially common in the eyes of diurnal (active during
Oil_droplet
Kind of grid that deceives a person's vision
pools the inputs of several photoreceptors over an area of the retina; the area in physical space to which the photoreceptors respond is the ganglion cell's
Grid_illusion
the process by which photoreceptor cells in the retina are renewed. The disc formations in the outer segment of photoreceptors, which contain the photosensitive
Disc_shedding
Food product and protein supplement derived from Pisum sativum
Globular protein Globulin Edestin Albumin Fibrous protein Chromoprotein Photoreceptor protein Biliprotein Phycobiliprotein Phytochrome Lipocalin Category
Pea_protein
Species of woodlouse
have a lens (also known as unstalked) eye meaning they have a single photoreceptor limiting their movement-detection and field of view. This contrasts
Armadillidium_vulgare
American geneticist and chronobiologist (born 1944)
1998, they discovered the cycle gene, clock gene, and cryptochrome photoreceptor in Drosophila through the use of forward genetics, by first identifying
Michael_Rosbash
Vision-related neuron type in mammals
cells serve the critical role of transferring light signals from rod photoreceptors to the retinal ganglion cells (which contain the axons of the optic
AII_amacrine_cells
Treatment for blindness
this work was considered a breakthrough for the ability to target cone photoreceptors. Revakinagene taroretcel was approved for medical use in the United
Gene therapy of the human retina
Gene_therapy_of_the_human_retina
Soft-bodied eight-limbed order of molluscs
hypothesis is that cephalopod eyes in species that only have a single photoreceptor protein may use chromatic aberration to turn monochromatic vision into
Octopus
Lack of light
The lack of color comes from inactivity of cone cells, the type of photoreceptor cell on the retina that is responsible for the perception of color,
Darkness
Protein-coding gene in humans
and is located in the outer segments of the photoreceptor cells; hence it is also known as photoreceptor retinol dehydrogenase. It is important in the
RDH8
Sensation and perception of temperature
corpuscle Campaniform sensilla Slit sensilla Stretch receptor Photoreceptor Photoreceptor cell Cone cell Rod cell ipRGC Photopigment Aureochrome Chemoreceptor
Thermoception
LITE-1 is a novel photoreceptor found in Caenorhabditis elegans. It exhibits blue light photoreceptor activity. Is involved in several processes, including
LITE-1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
of the opsin subfamily of the G protein-coupled receptors. It is a photoreceptor protein sensitive to ultraviolet (UV) light. The OPN5 gene was discovered
OPN5
American chronobiologist and photobiologist
that WC-1 is a blue light photoreceptor and a circadian photoreceptor; the signal transduction cascade from photoreceptor to transcription factor happens
Jay_Dunlap
Medical condition
photophobia due to the absence of functional red (L) and green (M) cone photoreceptor cells in the retina. BCM is a recessive X-linked disease and almost
Blue-cone_monochromacy
Response of the eye to light and dark
structure. Cone photoreceptors are conical in shape and contain cone opsins as their visual pigments. There exist three types of cone photoreceptors, each being
Adaptation_(eye)
Gene therapy medication
factor that may promote the survival and maintenance of the macular photoreceptors. Revakinagene taroretcel was approved for medical use in the United
Revakinagene_taroretcel
Small pit in the retina of the eye responsible for all central vision
is a depression in the inner retinal surface, about 1.5 mm wide, the photoreceptor layer of which is entirely cones and which is specialized for maximum
Fovea_centralis
Chemical compound
11-cis-retinal. This molecule is then transported into the retina's photoreceptor cells (the rod or cone cells in mammals) where it binds to an opsin
Retinol
Protein found in humans
is commonly associated with X-linked retinitis pigmentosa (XLRP). In photoreceptor cells, RPGR is localized in the connecting cilium which connects the
Retinitis pigmentosa GTPase regulator
Retinitis_pigmentosa_GTPase_regulator
Motion system of a type of eukaryotic organism
be confused with the photoreceptor. The stigma only provides directional shading for the adjacent membrane-inserted photoreceptors (the term "eyespot"
Protist_locomotion
PHOTORECEPTOR
PHOTORECEPTOR
PHOTORECEPTOR
PHOTORECEPTOR
Boy/Male
English Norse
From the manor.
Boy/Male
Australian, British, Christian, English, French
An English Surname Based on a French Place Name; From the Large Town
Boy/Male
British, English
Wagon-builder
Boy/Male
Latin
Speaker.
Female
English
Short form of English Rebeckah, BECKAH means "ensnarer."
Boy/Male
Tamil
Lord Buddha (Celebrity Name: Namrata Shirodkar and Mahesh Babu)
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Knowing Knowledgeable
Girl/Female
Danish, German, Norse
Battle-maid
Boy/Male
Arabic
Servant of the guided.
Girl/Female
Indian
Goddess Parvati, Goddess Durga
PHOTORECEPTOR
PHOTORECEPTOR
PHOTORECEPTOR
PHOTORECEPTOR
PHOTORECEPTOR