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The peptide-loading complex (PLC) is a short-lived, multisubunit membrane protein complex that is located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). It orchestrates
Peptide-loading_complex
Type of protein
class I molecules in the ER lumen. Tapasin is one component of the peptide-loading complex, and can be found associated with MHC class I molecules after the
Tapasin
Protein of the immune system
peptides in the lumen of the ER. The peptide-loading process involves several other molecules that form a large multimeric complex called the peptide-loading
MHC_class_I
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
TAP then binds to the peptide loading complex along with another protein, called tapasin. At this point the peptide loading complex consists of HLA-A (heavy
HLA-A
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
PDIA3 is also part of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I peptide loading complex, which is essential for formation of the final antigen
PDIA3
Soluble protein
a partly folded state. After the β2-microglobulin binds to the peptide-loading complex (PLC), calreticulin (along with ERp57) takes over the job of chaperoning
Calreticulin
Topics referred to by the same term
community, for collaborative learning Perlecan, a protein in humans Peptide loading complex, an intracellular membrane protein matrix Peter Lougheed Centre
PLC
Protein family
transporter is found in the ER lumen associated with the peptide-loading complex (PLC). This complex of β2 microglobulin, calreticulin, ERp57, TAP, tapasin
Transporter associated with antigen processing
Transporter_associated_with_antigen_processing
Cellular process
class I loading within the ER, exogenous antigen peptides are loaded onto MHC class I molecules with the help of the peptide loading complex and chaperone
Cross-presentation
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
T (Dec 1991). "Two putative subunits of a peptide pump encoded in the human major histocompatibility complex class II region". Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
TAP1
Cell surface proteins, part of the acquired immune system
class II genes in teleost fish genomes reveals dispensability of the peptide-loading DM system in a large part of vertebrates". BMC Evolutionary Biology
Major histocompatibility complex
Major_histocompatibility_complex
HIV entry inhibitor discovered in 1986
Peptide T is an HIV entry inhibitor discovered in 1986 by Candace Pert and Michael Ruff, a US neuroscientist and immunologist. Peptide T, and its modified
Peptide_T
Family of proteins
gp96 form peptide loading complex for MHCI. This handing over with peptides is important, because HSPs can shield hydrophobic residues in peptides which would
Heat_shock_protein
Vital immune process that is essential for T cell immune response triggering
the complex of TAP, tapasin, MHS Class 1, ERp57, and calreticulin is called the peptide-loading complex (PLC). Peptides are loaded to MHC-I peptide binding
Antigen_presentation
Component of MHC class I molecules
necessary for cell surface expression of MHC class I and stability of the peptide-binding groove. In fact, in the absence of β2 microglobulin, very limited
Beta-2_microglobulin
Secondary metabolides
Nonribosomal peptides (NRP) are a class of peptide secondary metabolites, usually produced by microorganisms like bacteria and fungi. Nonribosomal peptides are
Nonribosomal_peptide
German biochemist
human MHC-I peptide-loading complex. Nature 551, 525–8. doi:10.1038/nature24627 Thomas C, Tampé R (2017): Structure of the TAPBPR-MHC I complex defines the
Robert_Tampé
Protein of the immune system
groove of the MHC class II molecule. Once loaded, the MHC class II-peptide complexes are transported to the plasma membrane via vesicular transport, where
MHC_class_II
the chaperone and editing TAPBPR–MHC I complex and the human MHC-I peptide-loading complex. Antigenic peptide recognition on TAP was resolved by DNP-enhanced
Cluster of Excellence Frankfurt Macromolecular Complexes
Cluster_of_Excellence_Frankfurt_Macromolecular_Complexes
Mammalian proteins found in humans
stem cells. It can be upregulated in cancers. Peptides are connected to HLA-G by the peptide loading complex in the endoplasmic reticulum. HLA-G plays a
HLA-G
Mammalian protein found in humans
I peptide-loading complex (PLC), calreticulin and ERp57 take over the job of chaperoning the MHC class I protein while the tapasin links the complex to
Calnexin
the immune system. It does this by assisting in peptide loading of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II membrane-bound proteins. HLA-DM is
HLA-DM
such as MHC I processing mechanism, TAP-independent peptide presentation, MHC I peptide-loading complex (PLC)-independent antigen presentation pathways,
Immunoevasin
Genes on human chromosome 6
DM and DO, are used in the internal processing of antigens, loading the antigenic peptides generated from pathogens onto the HLA molecules of antigen-presenting
Human_leukocyte_antigen
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
TAP2 is a gene in humans that encodes the protein Antigen peptide transporter 2. The membrane-associated protein encoded by this gene is a member of the
TAP2
Cardiac hormone which increases renal sodium excretion
Atrial natriuretic peptide (natriuretic polypeptide (ANP) or atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) is a natriuretic peptide hormone secreted from the cardiac
Atrial_natriuretic_peptide
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
the peptide loading of MHC class II molecules by helping to release the CLIP (class II-associated invariant chain peptide) molecule from the peptide binding
HLA-DMB
Medical diagnostic method
histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, which are found on the surface of most cells in the body. Cells produce MHC molecules containing peptides as a way to
Tetramer_assay
DNA replication in eukaryotic organisms
repeated PCNA loading for efficient DNA replication. PCNA loading is accomplished by the replication factor C (RFC) complex. The RFC complex is composed
Eukaryotic_DNA_replication
Multiprotein complex
in targeted RNA cleavage in RISC. The RISC-loading complex (RLC) is the essential structure required to load dsRNA fragments into RISC in order to target
RNA-induced_silencing_complex
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
plays a central role in the peptide loading of MHC class II molecules by helping to release the CLIP molecule from the peptide binding site. Class II molecules
HLA-DMA
dnaC is a prokaryotic loading factor found in Escherichia coli that complexes with the C-terminus of helicase dnaB during the initial stages of prokaryotic
DnaC
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
5 mM. Following Thymosin α1, β4 was the second of the biologically active peptides from Thymosin Fraction 5 to be completely sequenced and synthesized. This
Thymosin_beta-4
a non-polymorphic accessory protein that aids in antigenic peptide chaperoning and loading, as opposed to its classical counterparts, which are polymorphic
HLA-DO
(also known as MS/MS or MS2) experiments are used for protein/peptide identification. Peptide identification algorithms fall into two broad classes: database
List of mass spectrometry software
List_of_mass_spectrometry_software
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
dissociation and antigen loading. Overexpression of cathepsin S may lead to premature Ii degradation, occasional antigen loading, and potential autoimmune
Cathepsin_S
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
ways on the cell surface: with β2m and a peptide as a complex of HLA-F heavy chain or without the peptide and β2m as an open conformer with just the
HLA-F
triangle Patent Pathogen Pattern formation PCR PD Pedigree Penetrance Peptide Peptide bond Peptidyl transferase PEST hypothesis Petite mutation Phage Pharmacogenomics
Index_of_genetics_articles
secretase thus releasing the Aβ peptide. This form of APP processing produces multiple Aβ peptides, of which Aβ40 and Aβ42 peptide are most abundantly produced
Alzheimer's disease in the Hispanic/Latino population
Alzheimer's_disease_in_the_Hispanic/Latino_population
Chemical compound
targeted proteins become undetectable by Western blot. In 2016 a synthetic peptide-conjugated PMO (PPMO) was found to inhibit the expression of New Delhi
Morpholino_nucleic_acid
Human leukocyte antigen serotype within the HLA-A serotype group
to peptides originating from EBV. This high affinity increases the probability of CD8+ t-cell recognition of EBV peptides held by HLA-A*02 complexes. This
HLA-A*02
Protein family
the peptide is cut loose and released. RF3 is still needed to release RF1/2 from this translation termination complex. After releasing the peptide, ribosomal
Release_factor
Chemical compound
4'-phosphopantetheine prosthetic group for loading of the growing peptide and their monomer precursors. Elongation of the peptide chain is achieved through condensation
Tyrocidine
German chemist
at the University of Tübingen. G. Jung was a cofounder of the European Peptide Society (EPS) and the European Society of Combinatorial Sciences (ESCS)
Günther_Jung
Compound library-based chemical synthesis method
Merrifield, started investigating the solid-phase synthesis of peptides. Synthesis of peptides in a combinatorial fashion quickly leads to large numbers of
Combinatorial_chemistry
Type of semiconductor
network allow the formation of quantum confined structures within the peptide self-assemblies, thus decreasing the band gaps of the superstructures into
Organic_semiconductor
Classification of membrane proteins including ion channels
Bursal Disease Virus Pore-Forming Peptide, Pep46 (Pep46) Family 1.A.60 The Mammalian Reovirus Pre-forming Peptide, Mu-1 (Mu-1) Family 1.A.61 The Insect
Transporter Classification Database
Transporter_Classification_Database
Peptide hormone
Insulin (/ˈɪn.sjʊ.lɪn/ ; from Latin insula 'island') is a peptide hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreatic islets encoded in humans by the insulin
Insulin
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
of 343 amino acids. There are several components, in sequence: a signal peptide (initial part of the protein), an extracellular transferrin receptor-binding
HFE_(gene)
clinical development of Natriuretic Peptides. Subsequently, he investigated the role of renin, natriuretic peptides and endothelial dysfunction in the
Massimo_Volpe
Mammalian protein found in humans
proteins, PCSK9 is inactive when first synthesized, because a section of peptide chains blocks their activity; proprotein convertases remove that section
PCSK9
Antibiotic medication
5-DPG) is derived from acetate. Nonribosomal peptide synthesis occurs through distinct modules that can load and extend the protein by one amino acid per
Vancomycin
Aspartic protease protein and enzyme
hydrolyzes (breaks down) angiotensinogen secreted from the liver into the peptide angiotensin I. Angiotensin I is further cleaved in the lungs by endothelial-bound
Renin
White blood cells of the immune system
conventional T cells that recognize protein peptide antigens presented by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, NKT cells recognize glycolipid
T_cell
Enzyme
therapeutic use. There are several classes of ATP synthase inhibitors, including peptide inhibitors, polyphenolic phytochemicals, polyketides, organotin compounds
ATP_synthase
Soft water-rich polymer gel
physical hydrogel formation, the first one being the gelation of nanofibrous peptide assemblies, usually observed for oligopeptide precursors. The precursors
Hydrogel
Analytical physical chemistry technique
"Methods and techniques to study the bioinorganic chemistry of metal–peptide complexes linked to neurodegenerative diseases". Coordination Chemistry Reviews
Isothermal titration calorimetry
Isothermal_titration_calorimetry
Protein family
encapsulate cargo proteins through targeting. They use C-terminal targeting peptides (TPs) found in family 1 encapsulins, and N-terminal targeting domains (TDs)
Encapsulin
Family of multi-domain enzymes that produce polyketides
carrier domains are similar to the PCP carrier domains of nonribosomal peptide synthetases, and some proteins combine both types of modules. The growing
Polyketide_synthase
Rational design of new protein molecules
sequences can then be validated experimentally through methods such as peptide synthesis, site-directed mutagenesis, or artificial gene synthesis. Rational
Protein_design
Chemical compound
efficient gene delivery vehicle. Likewise, the HIV-1 Tat peptide, a cell-permeable peptide, has been successfully used for intracellular gene delivery
Polyethylenimine
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Major histocompatibility complex class I-related gene protein (MR1) is a non-classical MHC class I protein, that binds vitamin metabolites (intermediates
Major histocompatibility complex, class I-related
Major_histocompatibility_complex,_class_I-related
Biological process of breaking down food
chemical species secreted vary in size from the small Escherichia coli peptide colicin V, (10 kDa) to the Pseudomonas fluorescens cell adhesion protein
Digestion
recruitment on the initiation codon, but can also involve modulation of peptide elongation, termination of protein synthesis, or ribosome biogenesis. While
Translational_regulation
Type of secondary structure of proteins
crystal structure determinations of amino acids and peptides and Pauling's prediction of planar peptide bonds; and his relinquishing of the assumption of
Alpha_helix
Passing of drugs through the blood brain-barrier
traversing the blood–brain barrier. It also can work to mask the drug peptide from peptide-degrading enzymes in the brain Also a "targetor" molecule could be
Drug_delivery_to_the_brain
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens (Humans)
in invariant chain processing and major histocompatibility complex class II peptide loading by macrophages". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 191
Cathepsin_F
Enzyme of the glycolysis metabolic pathway
For this reason, GAPDH is commonly used by biological researchers as a loading control for western blot and as a control for qPCR. However, researchers
Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
Glyceraldehyde_3-phosphate_dehydrogenase
drug-protein interactions. The drug can bind first to the HLA-peptide complex (p-i HLA) or the TCR complex (p-i TCR). Sometimes the drug may be trapped in between
P-i_mechanism
Pharmaceutical drug
possess a common aglycone, or core, consisting of seven amino acids bound by peptide and ether bonds to form a four-ring system. These five structures differ
Teicoplanin
Pharmaceutical drug
a type I polyketide synthase (PKS) in conjunction with a nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS). The domains responsible for the biosynthesis of the
Sirolimus
Immunosuppressive drug
synthesis of both type 1 polyketide synthases (PKS 1) and nonribosomal peptide syntheses (NRPS). The research shows the hybrid synthesis consists of ten
Tacrolimus
Controlled release of substances by cells or tissues
translocation systems, which requires the presence of an N-terminal signal peptide on the secreted protein. Others are translocated across the cytoplasmic
Secretion
Class of enzymes
or "loading" the tRNA with an amino acid. Once the tRNA is charged, a ribosome can transfer the amino acid from the tRNA onto a growing peptide, according
Aminoacyl_tRNA_synthetase
Excess urea in the blood due to kidney dysfunction
The "middle molecules" include: atrial natriuretic peptide, cystatin C, delta sleep-inducing peptide, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and parathyroid
Uremia
Form of milk produced immediately following the delivery of newborn
complement, and proline-rich polypeptides (PRP). Cytokines (small messenger peptides that control the functioning of the immune system) are found in colostrum
Colostrum
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
similarity to yeast Sec24p component of COPII. COPII is the coat protein complex responsible for vesicle budding from the ER. The role of this gene product
SEC24B
Biochemical technique
theoretically predicted and SDS PAGE-displayed molecular weights for an acidic peptide". Scientific Reports. 5 (1) 13370. Bibcode:2015NatSR...513370G. doi:10
SDS-PAGE
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
processing and presentation of exogenous peptide antigen via MHC class II antigen processing and presentation of peptide antigen via MHC class I COPII vesicle
SEC24A
Protein family
from interacting pieces: sliding clamp complexed to a peptide from DNA polymerase and a polymerase editing complex". Cell. 99 (2): 155–166. doi:10
DNA_clamp
Disorder resulting in compulsive behaviors
between glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide and/or glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist prescriptions and substance-related outcomes in patients
Addiction
Human retrovirus, cause of AIDS
more stable two-pronged attachment, which allows the N-terminal fusion peptide gp41 to penetrate the cell membrane. Repeat sequences in gp41, HR1, and
HIV
Idea that ribosomal RNA was necessary for modern life
decoding, with the large subunit, which is responsible for the formation of peptide bonds and the releasing of elongation factors. This essentially shows that
Woese's_dogma
Extremely venomous snake native to Australia
of the inland taipan (Oxyuranus microlepidotus)". Peptides. 27 (11): 2655–2660. doi:10.1016/j.peptides.2006.06.003. PMID 16879898. S2CID 44544394. Kornhauser
Inland_taipan
Group of chemical compounds
Antimycins are produced by a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS)/polyketide synthase (PKS) assembly complex which acts as an assembly line for antimycin
Antimycin
Antibiotic
colistin is synthesized before cyclization. Non-ribosomal peptide biosynthesis begins with a loading module and then the addition of each subsequent amino
Colistin
Mechanical property that measures stiffness of a solid material
Adler-Abramovich, Lihi; Barlam, David; et al. (June 8, 2005). "Self-Assembled Peptide Nanotubes Are Uniquely Rigid Bioinspired Supramolecular Structures". Nano
Young's_modulus
Vertebrate natural glucocorticoid hormone
Sheehan's syndrome) The primary control of cortisol is the pituitary gland peptide, adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Once released from the pituitary,
Cortisol
Bacterium responsible for difficult-to-treat infections in humans
therapeutics, including host kinase inhibitors, as well as antimicrobial peptides are under study as adjunctive or alternative treatment for MRSA. A 2015
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Methicillin-resistant_Staphylococcus_aureus
Drug mixture used mainly to treat ADHD and narcolepsy
neuropeptides (e.g., cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) peptides). Both active ingredients of Adderall, dextroamphetamine and levoamphetamine
Adderall
small peptides. cTECs and mTECs utilize this endogenous pathway for MHC II presentation during selection processes, instead of common loading of exogenous
Cortical thymic epithelial cells
Cortical_thymic_epithelial_cells
Venom and aggression rankings
and Dendroaspin natriuretic peptide (DNP), a newly discovered component of mamba venom, is the most potent natriuretic peptide and is unique to the genus
List_of_dangerous_snakes
Central nervous system stimulant
(cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript)-peptide-induced cell signalling have demonstrated that CART peptides activate at least three signalling mechanisms
Amphetamine
Antimalarial medication
peptides with class II MHC molecules in the compartment for peptide loading and/or the subsequent processing and transport of the peptide-MHC complex
Hydroxychloroquine
Protein containing a heme prosthetic group
MM, Wang J, Suslick KS (November 2003). "De novo designed cyclic-peptide heme complexes". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United
Hemoprotein
Species of virus
by HSV. In the host cell, TAP transports digested viral antigen epitope peptides from the cytosol to the endoplasmic reticulum, allowing these epitopes
Herpes_simplex_virus
Protein signal which causes the release of transcribed RNA at a stop codon
doi:10.1016/j.mib.2012.12.003. PMID 23347833. Richardson JP (July 2003). "Loading Rho to terminate transcription". Cell. 114 (2): 157–9. doi:10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00554-3
Termination_factor
Nanotechnology simulation of human organ function
artery loading area and a separate artery inspection area. There is a microchannel used for loading the artery segment, and when the loading well is
Organ-on-a-chip
Group of adverse drug reactions involving the skin and mucosa
degraded into small peptides. The peptides are inserted into a groove on HLA proteins that are part of major histocompatibility complexes (i.e. MHC) and presented
Severe cutaneous adverse reactions
Severe_cutaneous_adverse_reactions
Phosphorus-containing ligands
hindered substrates and operates at room temperature with low catalyst loading. This ligand has been utilized in multiple reactions including the amination
Dialkylbiaryl phosphine ligands
Dialkylbiaryl_phosphine_ligands
PEPTIDE LOADING-COMPLEX
PEPTIDE LOADING-COMPLEX
Surname or Lastname
English (Somerset)
English (Somerset) : unexplained.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Dowden.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Gooding.German (Göding) : variant of Godding.
Boy/Male
British, English
Son of Gold; Little Golden One
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Leeming.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from a Middle English personal name Lyfing, Old English Lēofing, based on lēof ‘dear’.Swedish : apparently an ornamental name formed from the place-name element lov-, meaning unknown, + the suffix -ing (see Arning).
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Holden.
Surname or Lastname
Danish
Danish : probably a habitational name from Kolding. This was originally the name of a river, from kaldr ‘cold’ + a derivational suffix -ung, hence ‘the cold river’.English : perhaps a spelling variant of Golding.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : patronymic from Good.
Boy/Male
German
Renowned Warrior's Son
Surname or Lastname
English
English : ethnic name from Old French Lohereng ‘man from Lorraine’ (see Lorraine).
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from the county seat of Berkshire, which gets its name from Old English Rēadingas ‘people of Rēad(a)’, a byname meaning ‘red’.English : topographic name for someone who lived in a clearing, an unattested Old English ryding.
Boy/Male
English
Son Of Gold.
Surname or Lastname
English (Hampshire and the Isle of Wight)
English (Hampshire and the Isle of Wight) : habitational name from a place on the Isle of Wight named Brading, from Old English brerd ‘hillside’ + -ingas ‘dwellers at’, i.e. ‘(settlement of) the dwellers on the hillside’.
Surname or Lastname
English and German
English and German : patronymic from Bold as a personal name.Danish : habitational name from a place so named in Jutland.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the late Old English personal name Golding, in form a patronymic from Golda (see Gold 4).German : patronymic from a short form of a Germanic personal name formed with gold, guld ‘gold’, ‘bright’.Jewish (from Latvia and Lithuania) : habitational name from Golding, the German and Yiddish name of the city of Kuldīga in Latvia.
Boy/Male
English
Son of Reed.
Boy/Male
American, Anglo, British, English
Son of the Red-haired
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone who lived at a place where wood was cut, Middle English wo(o)ding.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained.
PEPTIDE LOADING-COMPLEX
PEPTIDE LOADING-COMPLEX
Female
French
French feminine form of Roman Victorinus, VICTORINE means "conqueror."
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Sanskrit
Flames
Boy/Male
Indian
Girl/Female
Hindu
Dream
Girl/Female
Indian, Sanskrit
Gladness; Happiness
Boy/Male
English
From the deer brook.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Tamil
Lord Murugan
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Shape
Girl/Female
Arabic, Assamese, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi, Muslim, Oriya, Punjabi, Sikh, Sindhi, Tamil, Traditional
Lotus
Boy/Male
Australian, Celtic, Finnish, Indonesian
Bear; Rock; Thor; The Eagle; Money; Diminutive of Arthur
PEPTIDE LOADING-COMPLEX
PEPTIDE LOADING-COMPLEX
PEPTIDE LOADING-COMPLEX
PEPTIDE LOADING-COMPLEX
PEPTIDE LOADING-COMPLEX
a.
Hence: Groveling; low; vulgar; as, a reptile race or crew; reptile vices.
a.
Buoyed upon or in a fluid; a, the floating timbers of a wreck; floating motes in the air.
n.
The act of loading.
n.
A place for landing, as from a ship, a carriage. etc.
n.
A load; cargo; burden.
n.
The planking or boarding of a shaft, cofferdam, etc.
n.
Floating threads. See Floating threads, above.
n.
That which stands at the head; title; as, the heading of a paper.
n.
The beads or bead-forming quality of certain liquors; as, the beading of a brand of whisky.
a.
Not funded; not fixed, invested, or determined; as, floating capital; a floating debt.
a.
Free or lose from the usual attachment; as, the floating ribs in man and some other animals.
n.
The act, or state, of inclining; inclination; tendency; as, a leaning towards Calvinism.
a.
Relating to digestion; promoting digestion; digestive; as, peptic sauces.
n.
That which lades or constitutes a load or cargo; freight; burden; as, the lading of a ship.
a.
Receiving its charge through the muzzle; as, a muzzle-loading rifle.
n.
A coat or covering; a layer of any substance, as a cover or protection; as, the coating of a retort or vial.
a.
Pertaining to pepsin; resembling pepsin in its power of digesting or dissolving albuminous matter; containing or yielding pepsin, or a body of like properties; as, the peptic glands.
v. t.
To happen to; to befall; to come to ; as, woe betide the wanderer.
a.
Guiding; directing; controlling; foremost; as, a leading motive; a leading man; a leading example.