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Spaceflight operation
In spaceflight an orbit insertion is an orbital maneuver which adjusts a spacecraft’s trajectory, allowing entry into an orbit around a planet, moon, or
Orbit_insertion
Orbit of an object around the Moon
moon goddess. Lunar orbit insertion (LOI) is an orbit insertion maneuver used to achieve lunar orbit. Low lunar orbit (LLO) is an orbit below 100 km (62 mi)
Lunar_orbit
Failed NASA mission to Mars (1998–1999)
communication with the spacecraft was permanently lost as it went into orbital insertion. The spacecraft encountered Mars on a trajectory that brought it too
Mars_Climate_Orbiter
Plans for mission abort during an Apollo spacecraft launch
(NASA's designation for the Saturn V's third stage burn) To Contingency Orbit Insertion") In case of a failure of the S-II second stage, the stage would be
Apollo_abort_modes
Indian orbiter mission to Mars (2013–2022)
September 27 commemorating the spacecraft's eight-year anniversary of insertion into Mars orbit. In November 2008, the first public acknowledgement of an uncrewed
Mars_Orbiter_Mission
NASA mission to Mercury
necessary propellant, the spacecraft orbital insertion targeted a highly elliptical orbit around Mercury. The elongated orbit had two other benefits: It allowed
MESSENGER
Japanese orbiter mission to Venus (2010–2024)
Venus orbit with an apoapsis altitude of 80,000 km (50,000 mi), a periapsis altitude of 300 km (190 mi), and a 30 h orbital period. The orbit insertion maneuver
Akatsuki_(spacecraft)
Soviet launch vehicle
put the payload into orbit, and Energia-Buran, in which the Buran orbiter was the payload and the source of the orbit insertion impulse. The launch vehicle
Energia_(rocket)
NASA spacecraft active since 2005
of the orbital insertion placed the orbiter in a highly elliptical polar orbit with a period of approximately 35.5 hours. Shortly after insertion, the periapsis
Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter
Quasi-periodic orbital trajectory
trajectory In orbital mechanics, a Lissajous orbit (pronounced [li.sa.ʒu]), named after Jules Antoine Lissajous, is a quasi-periodic orbital trajectory that
Lissajous_orbit
ESA/JAXA mission to study Mercury in orbit (2018–present)
was launched on an Ariane 5 rocket on 20 October 2018, with Mercury orbit insertion planned for November 2026, after a flyby of Earth, two flybys of Venus
BepiColombo
Partially reusable launch system and space plane
before orbit insertion, which used the orbiter's two Orbital Maneuvering System (OMS) engines. At the conclusion of the mission, the orbiter fired its
Space_Shuttle
Transfer manoeuvre between two orbits
astronautics, the Hohmann transfer orbit (/ˈhoʊmən/) is an orbital maneuver used to transfer a spacecraft between two orbits of different altitudes around
Hohmann_transfer_orbit
Periodic, three-dimensional orbit
Halo orbit A halo orbit is a periodic, non-planar orbit associated with one of the L1, L2 or L3 Lagrange points in the three-body problem of orbital mechanics
Halo_orbit
capacity also rose, with approximately 1,200 tonnes (2,600,000 lb) sent to orbit. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
List of Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launches (2023)
List_of_Falcon_9_and_Falcon_Heavy_launches_(2023)
Dwarf planet in the asteroid belt
Retrieved 2 March 2015. Rayman, Marc (6 March 2015). "Dawn Journal: Ceres Orbit Insertion!". The Planetary Society. Archived from the original on 8 March 2015
Ceres_(dwarf_planet)
Movement during spaceflight
fly-bys of Jupiter and Saturn. Orbit insertion maneuvers leave a spacecraft in a destination orbit. In contrast, orbit injection maneuvers occur when
Orbital_maneuver
Arrival of a spacecraft on the Moon's surface
Apollo 8 and Apollo 10 remained in lunar orbit. Apollo 10 included undocking and Descent Orbit Insertion (DOI), followed by LM staging to CSM redocking
Moon_landing
Interstellar probe project
a planet orbiting the third star in the Alpha Centauri system, Proxima Centauri in August 2016. The planet, called Proxima Centauri b, orbits within the
Breakthrough_Starshot
Indian lunar mission (2008–2009)
of about 380,000 km (240,000 mi). Chandrayaan-1 completed the lunar orbit insertion operation on 8 November 2008 at 11:21 UTC. This manoeuvre involved
Chandrayaan-1
Solar system objects, the near-Earth asteroids Kamoʻoalewa (Tianwen-2 orbit insertion in June; and subsequent sample collection in July) and Torifune (Hayabusa2
2026_in_spaceflight
First crewed space mission to orbit the Moon
nominal 60-nautical-mile (110 km) circular orbit above the Moon's surface. Initial lunar orbit insertion was an ellipse with a perilune of 60.0 nautical
Apollo_8
Time an astronomical object takes to complete one orbit around another object
The orbital period (also revolution period) is the amount of time a given astronomical object takes to complete one orbit around another object. In astronomy
Orbital_period
Failed NASA orbiter mission to Mars (1992–1993)
communication with Mars Observer was lost, three days prior to its scheduled orbital insertion around Mars. Attempts to re-establish communications with the spacecraft
Mars_Observer
Space navigation technique
with a velocity low enough to permit orbit insertion with available fuel. Although the flybys were primarily orbital maneuvers, each provided an opportunity
Gravity_assist
spacecraft missions (including unsuccessful ones) to the planet Mars, such as orbiters, landers, and rovers. Mission time is often measured in Mars sols, solar
List_of_missions_to_Mars
NASA orbiter mission to Venus (1989–1994)
that could be connected to the main tank prior to the critical Venus orbit insertion burn to ensure maximum thrust from the 445 N thrusters during the SRM
Magellan_(spacecraft)
Soviet super heavy-lift launch vehicle (1965–1972)
mid-course corrections, lunar orbit insertion, and initial surface descent; single-pilot LK lander; and two-pilot Soyuz 7K-LOK orbital spacecraft for return to
N1_(rocket)
was also an early engine shutdown on ascent, but it didn't affect orbit insertion. Shows value of having 9 engines! Thorough investigation needed before
List of Falcon 9 and Falcon Heavy launches (2020–2022)
List_of_Falcon_9_and_Falcon_Heavy_launches_(2020–2022)
NASA orbiter mission to Venus (1978–1992)
the Orbiter into heliocentric orbit for its coast to Venus. Venus orbit insertion occurred on December 4, 1978. Launch of Pioneer Venus Orbiter with
Pioneer_Venus_Orbiter
American space probe to asteroid (1996–2001)
original mission plan called for the four burns to be followed by an orbit insertion burn on January 10, 1999, but the abort of the first burn and loss
NEAR_Shoemaker
Second crewed mission to orbit the Moon
fired the ascent engine at the lowest point of the LM's orbit, mimicking the orbital insertion maneuver after launch from the lunar surface in a later
Apollo_10
an insertion into a heliocentric orbit as part of a journey that may require multiple orbital insertions, respectively. Near-rectilinear halo orbit (NRHO):
List_of_orbits
Kepler orbit with an eccentricity of less than one
elliptical orbit or eccentric orbit is an orbit with an eccentricity of less than 1;[citation needed] this includes the special case of a circular orbit, with
Elliptic_orbit
Process that leads to gradual decrease of the distance between two orbiting bodies
Orbital decay is a gradual decrease of the distance between two orbiting bodies at their closest approach (the periapsis) over many orbital periods. These
Orbital_decay
Mission to Saturn (1997–2017)
G rings and achieved orbit, after a seven-year voyage. It was the first spacecraft to orbit Saturn. The Saturn Orbital Insertion (SOI) maneuver performed
Cassini–Huygens
Speed at which a body orbits around the barycenter of a system
the orbital speed of an astronomical body or object (e.g. planet, moon, artificial satellite, spacecraft, or star) is the speed at which it orbits around
Orbital_speed
scheduled 408-second main engine lunar orbit insertion burn and is currently in a 92 km circular lunar orbit. Initial data indicates the 800 m/s burn
2024_in_spaceflight
Entrance of one object in another's orbit
enters a stable orbit around another (typically referring to natural orbits rather than orbit insertion of a spacecraft with an orbital maneuvers). Asteroid
Gravitational_capture
Equilibrium points near two orbiting bodies
as orbit corrections, and hence fuel requirements, needed to maintain the desired orbit are kept at a minimum. For any combination of two orbital bodies
Lagrange_point
Fifth crewed Moon landing
entering lunar orbit, the crew began preparations for the Descent Orbit Insertion (DOI) maneuver to further modify the spacecraft's orbital trajectory. The
Apollo_16
Spaceflight maneuver
1969. The episode is named after the Apollo 9 Lunar Module. Lunar orbit insertion Trans-lunar injection Trans-Earth injection Gemini 6A, Gemini 8, Gemini
Lunar_orbit_rendezvous
Point where an orbit crosses a plane of reference to which it is inclined
An orbital node is either of the two points where an orbiting object intersects a plane of reference inclined with respect to the orbital plane. A non-inclined
Orbital_node
Third stage on the Saturn V and second stage on the Saturn IB
rocket engine. For lunar missions it was fired twice: first for Earth orbit insertion after second stage cutoff, and then for translunar injection (TLI)
S-IVB
Specifies the orbit of an object in space
the mean anomaly is the fraction of an elliptical orbit's period that has elapsed since the orbiting body passed periapsis, expressed as an angle which
Mean_anomaly
Failed Mars mission
a jettisonable propulsion unit to be separated sometime after Mars orbit insertion. Two Surface Stations were attached on top of the spacecraft. Two Penetrators
Mars_96
Launch system that only uses one rocket stage
DC-Y, a full-scale vehicle which would be capable of single stage insertion into orbit. Neither of these were built, but the project was taken over by NASA
Single-stage-to-orbit
1961–1972 American crewed lunar exploration program
coplanar with the lunar orbit, which would allow a return to Earth in case the SM engine failed to make lunar orbit insertion. Landing site lighting conditions
Apollo_program
Orbital transfer maneuver
and achieve orbit insertion. Aerocapture uses a planet's or moon's atmosphere to accomplish a quick, near-propellantless orbit insertion maneuver to place
Aerocapture
Field of classical mechanics concerned with the motion of spacecraft
Orbital mechanics or astrodynamics is the application of ballistics and celestial mechanics to rockets, satellites, and other spacecraft. The motion of
Orbital_mechanics
Angle between a reference plane and the plane of an orbit
Orbital inclination measures the tilt of an object's orbit around a celestial body. It is expressed as the angle between a reference plane and the orbital
Orbital_inclination
India's first solar observation mission
the way to the Lagrange point 1. During this journey a week before Orbital Insertion, the SUIT instrument captured an X-class solare flare and a CME on
Aditya-L1
European mission to study Jupiter and its moons since 2023
use of solar power, and Jupiter's harsh radiation environment. The orbit insertions at Jupiter and Ganymede and the large number of flyby manoeuvres (more
Jupiter_Icy_Moons_Explorer
encounter (flybys) impact (impactors) orbital insertion to end of mission, whether planned or premature (orbiters) landing to end of mission, whether planned
List_of_Solar_System_probes
Hypergolic orbital maneuvering engines used on NASA's Space Shuttle
into the Shuttle's ascent for a few minutes to aid acceleration to orbital insertion. Notable exceptions were particularly high-altitude missions such
Orbital_Maneuvering_System
Second NASA orbiter mission to Jupiter (2011–Present)
spacecraft performed an orbit insertion burn to slow it enough to allow capture. It was expected to make three 53-day orbits before performing another
Juno_(spacecraft)
Type of orbit
mechanics a parabolic trajectory is a Kepler orbit with the eccentricity (e) equal to 1 and is an unbound orbit that is exactly on the border between elliptical
Parabolic_trajectory
Spaceflight maneuver
maneuver is aerocapture, where a spacecraft uses an atmosphere to perform orbit insertion, decelerating from a flyby trajectory. When an interplanetary vehicle
Aerobraking
encounter (flybys) impact (impactors) orbital insertion to end of mission, whether planned or premature (orbiters) landing to end of mission, whether planned
List_of_lunar_probes
Amount by which an orbit deviates from a perfect circle
value of 0 is a circular orbit, values between 0 and 1 form an elliptic orbit, 1 is a parabolic (escape orbit or capture orbit), and greater than 1 is
Orbital_eccentricity
Orbit with a fixed distance from the barycenter
A circular orbit is an orbit with a fixed distance around the barycenter; that is, in the shape of a circle. In this case, not only the distance, but
Circular_orbit
Class of partially reusable crew capsules
spacecraft fails to make the orbital insertion burn, it will re-enter the atmosphere in a controlled way. The Starliner's orbit insertion burn begins about 31 minutes
Boeing_Starliner
Application of mechanical dynamics to model the flight of space vehicles
Mueller & White (1971), pp. 333–334. O'Brien, Frank (1999). "Lunar Orbit Insertion". Apollo Flight Journal. David Woods. Retrieved June 25, 2020. Bate
Spacecraft_flight_dynamics
Spaceplane component of the Space Shuttle
control propulsion, Aerojet in Rancho Cordova, California for the orbital insertion and deorbit propulsion, McDonnell Douglas for the surrounding pods
Space_Shuttle_orbiter
Concept in gravitational orbital mechanics
the vis-viva equation is one of the equations that model the motion of orbiting bodies. It is the direct result of the principle of conservation of mechanical
Vis-viva_equation
2024 lunar landing mission
surface. Animations of IM-1 trajectories Odysseus performed its lunar orbit insertion (LOI) on February 21, altering its velocity by 800 m/s (1,800 mph)
IM-1
Interplanetary mission by China to place an orbiter, lander, and rover on Mars
trajectory predicted to do a flyby of Mars with that happening around the orbit insertion date. During its cruise to Mars, the spacecraft completed four trajectory
Tianwen-1
Orbital launch vehicle by Space Pioneer
Tianlong-3 is designed to achieve high orbital insertion accuracy, with a semi-major axis deviation of ≤ 5 km, an orbital inclination deviation of ≤ 0.07°,
Tianlong-3
Cassini–Huygens spacecraft performed the SOI (Saturn Orbit Insertion) maneuver and entered into orbit around Saturn. Before the SOI, Cassini had already
Exploration_of_Saturn
Fourth crewed Moon landing
made that burn, known as descent orbit insertion (DOI), with the lunar module still attached to the CSM. The initial orbit Apollo 15 was in had its apocynthion
Apollo_15
European orbiter mission to Mars (2003–present)
means of propulsion was used to slow the probe for Mars orbit insertion and subsequently for orbit corrections. The body is built around the main propulsion
Mars_Express
Horizontal angle from north or other reference cardinal direction
mass fraction Tsiolkovsky rocket equation Efficiency measures Gravity assist Oberth effect Propulsive maneuvers Orbital maneuver Orbit insertion v t e
Azimuth
NASA crewed Moon landing spacecraft (1969–1972)
pointed forward into the direction of travel. A 30-second descent orbit insertion burn was performed to reduce speed and drop the LM's perilune to within
Apollo_Lunar_Module
Initial American crewed spaceflight program (1958–1963)
vehicle. Just before orbital insertion and sustainer engine cutoff, g-loads peaked at 8 g (6 g for a suborbital flight). In orbit, the spacecraft automatically
Project_Mercury
Rocket motor used to circularise a satellite's orbit after launch
final orbit from a transfer orbit is labelled an "orbital insertion burn" or, if the desired orbit is circular, a circularization burn. For orbits around
Apogee_kick_motor
Sixth and most recent crewed Moon landing
CSM ignited to slow down the CSM/LM stack into lunar orbit. Following orbit insertion and orbital stabilization, the crew began preparations for the landing
Apollo_17
Motion problem in classical mechanics
used to calculate and predict the motion of two massive bodies that are orbiting each other in space. The problem assumes that the two bodies are perfect
Two-body_problem
team completed a 4-minute Lunar Orbit Insertion with Blue Ghost's RCS thrusters and main engine to enter an elliptical orbit around the Moon. Over the next
2025_in_spaceflight
1970 Soviet test spaceflight
N1/L3 spacecraft's Block D lunar orbit insertion/descent stage by simulating the lunar orbit insertion burn, the lunar orbit circularization burn and the
Kosmos_382
Vehicle or machine designed to fly in space
monomethylhydrazine (MMH) and dinitrogen tetroxide, which was used for orbital insertion, changes to orbits and the deorbit burn. Though the shuttle’s goals were to drastically
Spacecraft
European orbiter mission to Venus (2005–2015)
a dress rehearsal for the arrival maneuver. The command stack for orbit insertion maneuver was loaded on the spacecraft on 7 April 2006. The spacecraft
Venus_Express
to reach space. Some lists are further divided into orbital launches (sending a payload into orbit, whether successful or not) and suborbital flights (e
Timeline_of_spaceflight
Proposed NASA space probe to Saturn's moon Enceladus
performed in October 2040 to save propellant for Saturn orbital insertion in August 2045. In Saturn orbit, the spacecraft will embark on a complex, 4.5 year
Enceladus_Orbilander
NASA orbiter mission to asteroid Vesta and dwarf planet Ceres (2007–2018)
successfully entered orbit around Vesta, making it the first spacecraft to orbit an object in the asteroid belt. The exact time of insertion could not be confirmed
Dawn_(spacecraft)
Specifies the orbit of an object in space
argument of pericenter), symbolized as ω (omega), is one of the orbital elements of an orbiting body. Parametrically, ω is the angle from the body's ascending
Argument_of_periapsis
Mathematical equation describing the motion of a rocket
accurate for short-duration burns such as for mid-course corrections and orbital insertion maneuvers. As the burn duration increases, the result is less accurate
Tsiolkovsky_rocket_equation
Orbit around planet Venus
that the probe's orbital insertion maneuver had failed, because of a defect in the orbital insertion burn. After the craft orbited the Sun for five years
Cytherocentric_orbit
Elliptical orbit used to move a spacecraft from one circular orbit to another
In orbital mechanics, a transfer orbit is an intermediate elliptical orbit that is used to move a spacecraft in an orbital maneuver from one circular
Transfer_orbit
NASA space mission to Jupiter and Europa
aphelion) beyond Jupiter's orbit on October 4, 2029 before slowly falling into Jupiter's gravity well and executing its orbital insertion burn in April 2030.
Europa_Clipper
Center of mass of multiple bodies orbiting each other
(kéntron) 'center') is the center of mass around which two or more bodies orbit. A barycenter is a dynamical point, not a physical object. It is an important
Barycenter_(astronomy)
First crewed mission of the Artemis program
independently depart from low lunar orbit as it does not carry enough propellant (delta-V) for both the insertion into lunar orbit and the subsequent trans-earth
Artemis_II
of spacecraft launch. It includes: All spacecraft that have left Earth orbit for the purposes of Solar System exploration (or were launched with that
Timeline of Solar System exploration
Timeline_of_Solar_System_exploration
Natural satellites of the planet Jupiter
satellites' orbital parameters. In 2016, the Juno spacecraft imaged the Galilean moons from above their orbital plane as it approached Jupiter orbit insertion, creating
Moons_of_Jupiter
Mars orbiter, part of ExoMars programme
orbit, but lander feared lost". SpaceNews. Retrieved 21 October 2016. Gebhardt, Chris (19 October 2016). "ExoMars completes crucial orbit insertion,
Trace_Gas_Orbiter
Laws describing planetary orbits
astronomy, Kepler's laws of planetary motion give good approximations for the orbits of planets around the Sun. They were published by Johannes Kepler from 1608
Kepler's laws of planetary motion
Kepler's_laws_of_planetary_motion
NASA orbiter mission to Mars (1996–2006)
Launch from Cape Canaveral. 11 September 1997: Arrival at Mars, began orbit insertion. 1 April 1999: Primary mapping phase began. 1 February 2001: First
Mars_Global_Surveyor
Objects intentionally placed into orbit
collision has become more severe. An orbiter is a spacecraft that is designed to perform an orbital insertion, entering orbit around an astronomical body from
Satellite
Indian lunar mission (2023–Present)
injection orbit, ISRO performed a lunar-orbit insertion (LOI) on 5 August, successfully placing the Chandrayaan-3 spacecraft into an orbit around the
Chandrayaan-3
Classical approach to the many-body problem of astronomy
geometrical terms. This is called a two-body problem, or an unperturbed Keplerian orbit. The differences between that and the actual motion of the body are perturbations
Perturbation_(astronomy)
Most common type of rocket, used to launch satellites
boosters separate after use, when the payload fairing separates prior to orbital insertion, or when used, a launch escape system which separates after the early
Multistage_rocket
ORBIT INSERTION
ORBIT INSERTION
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Corbett.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Hindu, Indian, Muslim, Sindhi
One who Argues a Lot; Orbit; Eye Socket; Orgument; Debate
Girl/Female
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Circumference of the Orbit; Limit; Realm
Girl/Female
Arabic, Hebrew
Little Light
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname from Middle English derth ‘famine’ (of uncertain application) or de(e)th ‘death’, Old English dēa{dh}. The latter name would have been acquired by someone who had played the part of the personified figure of Death in a pageant or play, or else one who was habitually gloomy or sickly, and the insertion of the letter -r- may have been a deliberate attempt to dissociate the name from death.
Boy/Male
English
Raven. Black-haired.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : said to be a variant of Mangum, though the insertion of -r- is hard to account for.
Boy/Male
Indian
Orbit, Eye socket, Argument
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Indian
Time Lord
Boy/Male
British, English, Latin
Raven; Variant of Corbet; Black-haired; Dark as a Raven
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Orbit eye socket, Orgument, debate
Female
Hebrew
(×ï‹×¨Ö´×™×ª) Variant form of Hebrew Ora, ORIT means "light."
Boy/Male
Muslim
Orbit, Eye socket, Argument
ORBIT INSERTION
ORBIT INSERTION
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
New; Fresh
Female
Greek
(Ἑκάβη) Greek name possibly HEKABE means "worker from far off." In mythology, this is the name of the mother of Kassandra and Polydoros by Priam.
Boy/Male
Indian
Unique, One, United
Girl/Female
Australian, Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Goddess Saraswathi; Beautiful; Excellent
Boy/Male
Indian, Modern, Tamil
God of Rain
Girl/Female
Norse
Wife of Thorstein Kuggason.
Girl/Female
Hindu
Name of a Raga
Girl/Female
Tamil
Grand, Splendid, Virtuous, Composed, Another name for Goddess Paarvati
Girl/Female
Tamil
Satyarupa | ஸதà¯à®¯à®¾à®°à¯‚பா
Dedicated to truth, Personified
Boy/Male
Tamil
Skilled in literature
ORBIT INSERTION
ORBIT INSERTION
ORBIT INSERTION
ORBIT INSERTION
ORBIT INSERTION
a.
Of or pertaining to the apsides of an orbit.
n.
The path described by a heavenly body in its periodical revolution around another body; as, the orbit of Jupiter, of the earth, of the moon.
a.
Of or pertaining to an orbit.
n.
The elliptical orbit of a planet.
n.
An orb or ball.
n.
The skin which surrounds the eye of a bird.
v. t.
To throw out of the proper orbit; to unsphere.
a.
Situated above the orbit of the eye.
a.
Situated under or below the orbit.
a.
Alt. of Orbical
n.
A circle; esp., a circle, or nearly circular orbit, described by the revolution of a heavenly body; an orbit.
n.
The cavity or socket of the skull in which the eye and its appendages are situated.
n.
An orbit, as of a star; a socket.
a.
Situated around the orbit; as, the orbitary feathers of a bird.
n.
Orbation.
n.
One of the two points where the orbit of a planet, or comet, intersects the ecliptic, or the orbit of a satellite intersects the plane of the orbit of its primary.
a.
Situated in front or the orbit.
a.
Below the orbit; as, the infraorbital foramen; the infraorbital nerve.
n.
Alt. of Orbity