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one phase orbit period to return the spacecraft from the phasing orbit to the original orbit. Total change of velocity required for the phasing maneuver
Orbit_phasing
Movement during spaceflight
astrodynamics orbit phasing is the adjustment of the time-position of spacecraft along its orbit, usually described as adjusting the orbiting spacecraft's
Orbital_maneuver
In spacecraft operations, Launch and Early Orbit Phase (LEOP) is one of the most critical phases of a mission. Spacecraft operations engineers take control
Launch_and_Early_Orbit_phase
Shape of the Moon's sunlit portion as viewed from Earth
the time between successive recurrences of the same phase: due to the eccentricity of the Moon's orbit, this duration is not perfectly constant but averages
Lunar_phase
Trajectory of Earth around the Sun
Earth orbits the Sun at an average distance of 149.60 million km (92.96 million mi), or 8.317 light-minutes, in a counterclockwise direction as viewed
Earth's_orbit
Curved path of an object around a point
mechanics, an orbit is the curved trajectory of an object under the influence of an attracting force. Alternatively, it is known as an orbital revolution
Orbit
First planet from the Sun
days) and sidereal day (58.65 Earth days) are in a 3:2 ratio, in a spin–orbit resonance. Consequently, one solar day (sunrise to sunrise) on Mercury lasts
Mercury_(planet)
Variations of lighting of the planet's surface
or known. The orbit of Venus is 224.7 Earth days (7.4 avg. Earth months [30.4 days]). The phases of Venus result from the planet's orbit around the Sun
Phases_of_Venus
The Moon's circuit around Earth
The orbit of the Moon is, while stable and known, highly complex, and as such still studied by lunar theory. Most models describe the Moon's orbit geocentrically
Orbit_of_the_Moon
Time an astronomical object takes to complete one orbit around another object
The orbital period (also revolution period) is the amount of time a given astronomical object takes to complete one orbit around another object. In astronomy
Orbital_period
Orbit around Earth between 160 and 2000 km
A low Earth orbit (LEO) is an orbit around Earth with a period of 128 minutes or less (making at least 11.25 orbits per day) and an eccentricity less
Low_Earth_orbit
Venus has an orbit with a semi-major axis of 0.723 au (108,200,000 km; 67,200,000 mi), and an eccentricity of 0.007. The low eccentricity and comparatively
Orbit_of_Venus
Function describing an electron in an atom
In quantum mechanics, an atomic orbital is a function describing the location and wave-like behavior of an electron in an atom. This function describes
Atomic_orbital
Proposed momentum exchange tether
that aims to reduce the cost of placing payloads into low Earth orbit. A heavy orbiting station is connected to a cable which extends down towards the
Skyhook_(structure)
Lunar research program (2004–present)
and a robotic station is invited by China. The first phase entailed the launch of two lunar orbiters, and is now effectively complete. Chang'e 1 was launched
Chinese Lunar Exploration Program
Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program
Second planet from the Sun
brightest "morning star" or "evening star". Venus orbits closer to the Sun than the Earth does. The orbits of Venus and Earth make the two planets approach
Venus
Type of geocentric orbit
A Sun-synchronous orbit (SSO), also called a heliosynchronous orbit, is a nearly polar orbit around a planet, in which the satellite passes over any given
Sun-synchronous_orbit
European space-based solar observatory
extension until 2030. During the initial cruise phase, which lasted until November 2021, Solar Orbiter performed two gravity-assist manoeuvres around Venus
Solar_Orbiter
Type of high-latitude satellite orbit
A Molniya orbit (Russian: Молния, IPA: [ˈmolnʲɪjə] , "Lightning") is a type of satellite orbit designed to provide communications and remote sensing coverage
Molniya_orbit
Circular orbit above Earth's Equator and following the direction of Earth's rotation
A geostationary orbit, also referred to as a GEO or GSO, is a circular geosynchronous orbit 35,786 km (22,236 mi) in altitude above Earth's equator, 42
Geostationary_orbit
gravitational orbit classified by various characteristics. The following is a list of types of orbits: Galactocentric orbit: An orbit about the center
List_of_orbits
Estimate of total change in velocity of a space mission
required for this, which add mass and constrain spacecraft geometry. The orbital phasing can be problematic; once rendezvous has been achieved, low delta-v
Delta-v_budget
Periodic, three-dimensional orbit
Halo orbit A halo orbit is a periodic, non-planar orbit associated with one of the L1, L2 or L3 Lagrange points in the three-body problem of orbital mechanics
Halo_orbit
Regular and periodic mutual gravitational influence of orbiting bodies
mechanics, orbital resonance occurs when orbiting bodies exert regular, periodic gravitational influence on each other, usually because their orbital periods
Orbital_resonance
American satellite manufacturer
reported as among the largest commercial communications arrays in low Earth orbit after their respective launches and unfoldings in 2022 and 2024. The company's
AST_SpaceMobile
Parameters that define a specific orbit
Kepler orbit. There are many different ways to mathematically describe the same orbit, but certain schemes are commonly used in astronomy and orbital mechanics
Orbital_elements
Set of points linked through the evolution function of a dynamical system
systems, an orbit is a collection of points related by the evolution function of the dynamical system. It can be understood as the subset of phase space covered
Orbit_(dynamics)
NASA orbiter mission to Venus (1989–1994)
first spacecraft to test aerobraking as a method for circularizing its orbit. Magellan was the fifth successful NASA mission to Venus, and it ended an
Magellan_(spacecraft)
Spaceflight where the spacecraft does not go into orbit
velocity to go into low Earth orbit, and then de-orbit before completing their first full orbit, are not considered sub-orbital. Examples of this include
Sub-orbital_spaceflight
Transfer manoeuvre between two orbits
astronautics, the Hohmann transfer orbit (/ˈhoʊmən/) is an orbital maneuver used to transfer a spacecraft between two orbits of different altitudes around
Hohmann_transfer_orbit
Spacecraft end-of-life orbit
graveyard orbit, also called a junk orbit or disposal orbit, is an orbit that lies away from common operational orbits. One significant graveyard orbit is a
Graveyard_orbit
then by visiting spacecraft. Spacecraft have performed multiple flybys, orbits, and landings on the planet, including balloon probes that floated in its
Observations and explorations of Venus
Observations_and_explorations_of_Venus
Soviet program that explored Venus with multiple probes
remains in heliocentric orbit. Venera 2 launched on 12 November 1965, but also suffered a telemetry failure after leaving Earth orbit. Several other failed
Venera_program
List of definitions of terms and concepts commonly used in aerospace engineering
astrodynamics, orbit phasing is the adjustment of the time-position of spacecraft along its orbit, usually described as adjusting the orbiting spacecraft's
Glossary of aerospace engineering
Glossary_of_aerospace_engineering
Proposed colonization of the planet Venus
which was in polar orbit around the planet from 2006 to 2014. A Japanese probe, Akatsuki, failed in its first attempt to orbit Venus, but successfully
Colonization_of_Venus
Orbit keeping the satellite at a fixed longitude above the equator
A geosynchronous orbit (sometimes abbreviated GEO) is an Earth-centered orbit with an orbital period that matches Earth's rotation on its axis, 23 hours
Geosynchronous_orbit
Amount by which an orbit deviates from a perfect circle
value of 0 is a circular orbit, values between 0 and 1 form an elliptic orbit, 1 is a parabolic (escape orbit or capture orbit), and greater than 1 is
Orbital_eccentricity
Greek and Roman god of the Morning Star
Venus, an inferior planet, meaning that its orbit lies between the Earth and the Sun. Depending on the orbital locations of both Venus and Earth, it can
Phosphorus_(morning_star)
Indian orbiter mission to Mars (2013–2022)
Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), unofficially known as Mangalyaan (Sanskrit: Maṅgala 'Mars', Yāna 'Craft, Vehicle'), is a space probe orbiting Mars since 24
Mars_Orbiter_Mission
Group of artificial satellites working together as a system
consideration is that the phasing of each satellite in an orbital plane maintains sufficient separation to avoid collisions or interference at orbit plane intersections
Satellite_constellation
Orbit around the barycenter of the Sun
heliocentric orbit (also called circumsolar orbit) is an orbit around the Sun. The inner planets are mainly influenced by the Sun's gravity, and orbit points
Heliocentric_orbit
Orbit of an object around the Moon
spaceflight, a lunar orbit (also known as a selenocentric orbit) is an orbit by an object around Earth's Moon. In general these orbits are not circular.
Lunar_orbit
1975 Soviet uncrewed space mission to Venus
spacecraft to orbit Venus, while the lander was the first to return images from the surface of another planet. The orbiter entered Venus orbit on October
Venera_9
Movement around a celestial body that remains below its Karman line
orbit (TAO) is an orbit around a celestial body in which a portion of the orbit intersects with the defined atmosphere. Transatmospheric Earth orbits
Transatmospheric_orbit
Kepler orbit with an eccentricity of less than one
elliptical orbit or eccentric orbit is an orbit with an eccentricity of less than 1;[citation needed] this includes the special case of a circular orbit, with
Elliptic_orbit
the announcement for the Group 3 selection. NASA Astronaut Groups – the phases of astronaut selection Joe Engle was the only exception as he flew on STS-2
Astronaut_ranks_and_positions
Earth-centered orbit above low Earth orbit and below geostationary orbit
A medium Earth orbit (MEO) is an Earth-centered orbit with an altitude above a low Earth orbit (LEO) and below a high Earth orbit (HEO) – between 2,000
Medium_Earth_orbit
Quasi-periodic orbital trajectory
trajectory In orbital mechanics, a Lissajous orbit (pronounced [li.sa.ʒu]), named after Jules Antoine Lissajous, is a quasi-periodic orbital trajectory that
Lissajous_orbit
Satellite orbit with high inclination
A polar orbit is one in which a satellite passes above or nearly above both poles of the body being orbited (usually a planet such as the Earth, but possibly
Polar_orbit
Orbit around Earth
A geocentric orbit, Earth-centered orbit, or Earth orbit involves any object orbiting Earth, such as the Moon or artificial satellites. In 1997, NASA estimated
Geocentric_orbit
Field of classical mechanics concerned with the motion of spacecraft
astrodynamicists to assist with orbit maintenance tasks, such as station-keeping, ground track maintenance or adjustment, or phasing of perigee to cover selected
Orbital_mechanics
NASA satellite of the Explorer program
Titan Themis. Three of the satellites orbit the Earth within the magnetosphere, while two have been moved into orbit around the Moon. Those two were renamed
THEMIS
Equilibrium points near two orbiting bodies
as orbit corrections, and hence fuel requirements, needed to maintain the desired orbit are kept at a minimum. For any combination of two orbital bodies
Lagrange_point
Relativistic interaction in quantum physics
In quantum mechanics, the spin–orbit interaction (also called spin–orbit effect or spin–orbit coupling) is a relativistic interaction of a particle's spin
Spin–orbit_interaction
Visual tool in quantum chemistry
molecular orbital diagram, or MO diagram, is a qualitative descriptive tool explaining chemical bonding in molecules in terms of molecular orbital theory
Molecular_orbital_diagram
Spaceplane component of the Space Shuttle
The Space Shuttle orbiter was the spaceplane component of the Space Shuttle, a partially reusable orbital spacecraft system that was part of the discontinued
Space_Shuttle_orbiter
Initial American crewed spaceflight program (1958–1963)
early highlight of the Space Race, its goal was to put a man into Earth orbit and return him safely, ideally before the Soviet Union. Taken over from
Project_Mercury
Maintenance of a particular orbit
thruster burns to keep the active craft in the same orbit as its target. For many low Earth orbit satellites, the effects of non-Keplerian forces, i.e
Orbital_station-keeping
Main mission control centre for the European Space Agency
operation of uncrewed spacecraft on behalf of ESA and the launch and early orbit phases (LEOP) of ESA and third-party missions. The centre is also responsible
European Space Operations Centre
European_Space_Operations_Centre
European mission to study Jupiter and its moons since 2023
spacecraft developed by the European Space Agency (ESA). It is on its way to orbit and study three icy moons of Jupiter: Ganymede, Callisto, and Europa. These
Jupiter_Icy_Moons_Explorer
Star at the centre of the Solar System
and a central subject of astronomical research since antiquity. The Sun orbits the Galactic Center at a distance of 24,000 to 28,000 light-years. Its mean
Sun
Launch system that only uses one rocket stage
A single-stage-to-orbit (SSTO) vehicle reaches orbit from the surface of a body using only propellants and fluids and without expending tanks, engines
Single-stage-to-orbit
NASA mission to Mercury
MESSENGER was a NASA robotic space probe that orbited the planet Mercury between 2011 and 2015, studying Mercury's chemical composition, geology, and
MESSENGER
NASA orbiter mission to asteroid Vesta and dwarf planet Ceres (2007–2018)
entered orbit around Vesta on July 16, 2011, and completed a 14-month survey mission before leaving for Ceres in late 2012. It entered orbit around Ceres
Dawn_(spacecraft)
Propulsive maneuver used to arrive at the Moon
velocity, changing its orbit from a circular low Earth orbit to a highly eccentric orbit. The mission phase following TLI – while the spacecraft is flying passively
Trans-lunar_injection
Temporary quasi-satellite of Venus
discovered around a major planet in the Solar System. It has nearly the same orbital period around the Sun that Venus does. In a frame of reference rotating
524522_Zoozve
Gas layer surrounding Venus
the entire planet, preventing, until recently, optical Earth-based and orbital observation of the surface. Information about surface topography was originally
Atmosphere_of_Venus
Failed NASA mission to Mars (1998–1999)
The Mars Climate Orbiter (formerly the Mars Surveyor '98 Orbiter) was a robotic space probe launched by NASA on December 11, 1998, to study the Martian
Mars_Climate_Orbiter
Mass transferring brown dwarf binary
ZTF J1239+8347 is a binary system of brown dwarfs orbiting extremely close to each other with an orbital period of 57.41 minutes. It is located in the constellation
ZTF_J1239+8347
Angle between a reference plane and the plane of an orbit
Orbital inclination measures the tilt of an object's orbit around a celestial body. It is expressed as the angle between a reference plane and the orbital
Orbital_inclination
Form of quantum topology in molecular science
topology in molecular science in which the π-orbital basis of a cyclic molecule undergoes a 90-degree phase twist per revolution around the ring, requiring
Half-Möbius electronic topology
Half-Möbius_electronic_topology
NASA crewed Moon landing spacecraft (1969–1972)
Module (LEM), was the lunar lander spacecraft that was flown between lunar orbit and the Moon's surface during the United States' Apollo program. It was
Apollo_Lunar_Module
American weather satellite
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's latest generation of U.S. polar-orbiting, non-geosynchronous, environmental satellites called the Joint Polar Satellite
NOAA-20
monitored vehicle performance during the powered flight phase and assessed abort modes, calculated orbital maneuvers and resulting trajectories, and monitored
List of NASA's flight control positions
List_of_NASA's_flight_control_positions
Sixth and most recent crewed Moon landing
Harrison Schmitt walked on the Moon, while Command Module Pilot Ronald Evans orbited above. Schmitt was the only professional geologist to land on the Moon;
Apollo_17
Celestial orbit whose trajectory is a conic section in the orbital plane
In celestial mechanics, a Kepler orbit (or Keplerian orbit, named after the German astronomer Johannes Kepler) is the motion of one body relative to another
Kepler_orbit
Engineering the global environment of Venus to make it suitable for humans
solved through the use of a space mirror in a 24-hour orbit (the same distance as a geostationary orbit on Earth) similar to the Znamya (satellite) project
Terraforming_of_Venus
Sixth planet from the Sun
less than a third of its mass. Saturn orbits the Sun at a distance of 9.59 AU (1,434 million km), with an orbital period of 29.45 years. Saturn's interior
Saturn
Earth observation satellite
at ESOC, the simulation campaign for the satellite's Launch and Early Orbit Phase (LEOP) started on 2 September 2025. The launch was scheduled for 17 November
Sentinel-6B
Topics referred to by the same term
Leo Islands, Nunavut, Canada Low Earth orbit, a satellite path Launch and Early Orbit phase, a crucial phase of a space mission LEO (spacecraft), a lunar
Leo
Surface features discovered 2015
dimmer spots located towards this crater's eastern rim. Early in the orbital phase of the Dawn mission, the high albedo of these spots was speculated to
Bright_spots_on_Ceres
Cancelled NASA/ESA mission concept to Saturn
a two-year Saturn tour, a 2-month Titan aero-sampling phase, and a 20-month Titan orbit phase. In 2009, a mission to Jupiter and its moons was given
Titan_Saturn_System_Mission
Space mission to an asteroid
Quarta, Alessandro A. (12 August 2024). "Continuous-Thrust Circular Orbit Phasing Optimization of Deep Space CubeSats". Applied Sciences. 14 (16): 7059
M-Argo
Series of orbital maneuvers
(/ˈrɒndeɪvuː/) is a set of orbital maneuvers during which two spacecraft, one of which is often a space station, arrive at the same orbit and approach to a very
Space_rendezvous
Type of co-orbital motion of a small orbiting body relative to a larger orbiting body
horseshoe orbit of (419624) 2010 SO16 around the Earth-Sun system over 900 years In celestial mechanics, a horseshoe orbit is a type of co-orbital motion
Horseshoe_orbit
1965 American crewed space mission
March 23, 1965, astronauts Gus Grissom and John Young flew three low Earth orbits in their spacecraft, which they nicknamed Molly Brown. It was the first
Gemini_3
Italian astronomer, mathematician and Jesuit priest (1589–1667)
the planet Mercury had orbital phases, like those of the Moon and Venus. His observations demonstrated that the planet orbited around the Sun. He died
Giovanni_Battista_Zupi
Modular space station in low Earth orbit
The International Space Station (ISS) is a space station in low Earth orbit (LEO). It is the product of the International Space Station program and is
International_Space_Station
ones) to Venus. It includes Flybys (not gravity assists), Impact probes, orbiters, landers, rovers by decade. Legend Achieved Failed attempt † First
List_of_missions_to_Venus
Transfer orbit used to reach geosynchronous or geostationary orbit
transfer orbit (GTO) or geosynchronous transfer orbit is a highly elliptical type of geocentric orbit, usually with a perigee as low as low Earth orbit (LEO)
Geostationary_transfer_orbit
Extrasolar planet in the constellation Vela
star, misalignment equal to -15±11°. In 2013, secondary eclipse and orbital phases were barely observed from the data gathered with ASTEP telescope, making
WASP-19b
Terrestrial exoplanet orbiting Kepler-10
12 billion years. Planet Kepler-10b was the first planet to be discovered in the orbit of its star. For this, it was designated the star's b planet. The star,
Kepler-10b
Fifth planet from the Sun
Earth and a tenth that of the Sun. Jupiter orbits the Sun at a distance of 5.20 AU (778.5 Gm), with an orbital period of 11.86 years. It is the third-brightest
Jupiter
Speed at which a body orbits around the barycenter of a system
the orbital speed of an astronomical body or object (e.g. planet, moon, artificial satellite, spacecraft, or star) is the speed at which it orbits around
Orbital_speed
Situation in which an astronomical object's orbital period matches its rotational period
Tidal locking between a pair of co-orbiting astronomical bodies occurs when one of the objects reaches a state where there is no longer any net change
Tidal_locking
2021 NASA planetary defense mission
(10.9 million kilometers) from Earth. The collision shortened Dimorphos's orbit around Didymos by 32 minutes, greatly in excess of the pre-defined success
Double Asteroid Redirection Test
Double_Asteroid_Redirection_Test
Programs by the Soviet Union to land humans on the Moon
readiness of the capsule and rocket. After Apollo 8 won the first (lunar orbit) phase of the Moon Race at the end of 1968, the Soviet leadership lost political
Soviet_crewed_lunar_programs
NASA spacecraft active since 2005
six months of aerobraking, it entered its final science orbit and began its primary science phase. Mission objectives include observing the climate of Mars
Mars_Reconnaissance_Orbiter
Moment in time used as a reference point in astronomy
of its orbit relative to a reference plane, the direction of the apogee or aphelion of its orbit, or the size of the major axis of its orbit. The main
Epoch_(astronomy)
Astronomical transit of Venus across the Sun
per 243-year cycle. The periodicity is a reflection of the fact that the orbital periods of Earth and Venus are close to 8:13 and 243:395 commensurabilities
Transit_of_Venus
ORBIT PHASING
ORBIT PHASING
Female
Hebrew
(×ï‹×¨Ö´×™×ª) Variant form of Hebrew Ora, ORIT means "light."
Girl/Female
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Circumference of the Orbit; Limit; Realm
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Orbit eye socket, Orgument, debate
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Corbett.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Hebrew
Little Light
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Indian
Time Lord
Boy/Male
British, English, Latin
Raven; Variant of Corbet; Black-haired; Dark as a Raven
Boy/Male
Indian
Orbit, Eye socket, Argument
Boy/Male
Muslim
Orbit, Eye socket, Argument
Boy/Male
English
Raven. Black-haired.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Hindu, Indian, Muslim, Sindhi
One who Argues a Lot; Orbit; Eye Socket; Orgument; Debate
ORBIT PHASING
ORBIT PHASING
Boy/Male
Tamil
Trishiv | தà¯à®°à¯€à®·à¯€à®µÂ
Girl/Female
Muslim
Moonlight
Boy/Male
Muslim
Open space, Battle field
Boy/Male
Tamil
Prashantha | பà¯à®°à®·à®¾à®¨à®¤à®¾
Calm
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Gift of God
Boy/Male
Muslim
Strong, Power
Boy/Male
Hindu
One who likes being merciful, A king
Boy/Male
Gaelic Irish
Red haired.
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Lord Indra
Girl/Female
Tamil
Goddess of beauty and wealth
ORBIT PHASING
ORBIT PHASING
ORBIT PHASING
ORBIT PHASING
ORBIT PHASING
n.
An orb or ball.
a.
Alt. of Orbical
n.
The path described by a heavenly body in its periodical revolution around another body; as, the orbit of Jupiter, of the earth, of the moon.
n.
The elliptical orbit of a planet.
v. t.
To throw out of the proper orbit; to unsphere.
n.
One of the two points where the orbit of a planet, or comet, intersects the ecliptic, or the orbit of a satellite intersects the plane of the orbit of its primary.
a.
Of or pertaining to an orbit.
n.
An orbit, as of a star; a socket.
a.
Situated in front or the orbit.
a.
Below the orbit; as, the infraorbital foramen; the infraorbital nerve.
a.
Situated around the orbit; as, the orbitary feathers of a bird.
n.
The cavity or socket of the skull in which the eye and its appendages are situated.
n.
Orbation.
n.
The skin which surrounds the eye of a bird.
a.
Situated under or below the orbit.
a.
Of or pertaining to the apsides of an orbit.
n.
A circle; esp., a circle, or nearly circular orbit, described by the revolution of a heavenly body; an orbit.
n.
Alt. of Orbity
a.
Situated above the orbit of the eye.