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Neural structure
The olfactory bulb (Latin: bulbus olfactorius) is a neural structure in the forebrain of vertebrates that is involved in olfaction, or the sense of smell
Olfactory_bulb
Sense that detects smells
a signal through the olfactory system. Glomeruli aggregate signals from these receptors and transmit them to the olfactory bulb, where the sensory input
Sense_of_smell
Sensory system used for smelling
The anterior olfactory nucleus distributes reciprocal signals between the olfactory bulb and piriform cortex. The anterior olfactory nucleus is the
Olfactory_system
Specialised epithelial tissue in the nasal cavity that detects odours
the glomeruli of the olfactory bulb. Analogous to neural glial cells, the supporting cells are non-neural cells in the olfactory epithelium that are located
Olfactory_epithelium
Term
the air and congregate at the olfactory nerve before passing axons to the dendrites of mitral cells in the olfactory bulb. Sensory receptors in the mouth
Retronasal_smell
Sensory neuron that detects odorants
relayed to the olfactory bulb of the brain. Unusually for neurons, ORNs are continually replaced throughout life from stem cells in the olfactory epithelium
Olfactory_receptor_neuron
Part of the olfactory system
bundle of afferent nerve fibers from the mitral and tufted cells of the olfactory bulb that connects to several target regions in the brain, including the
Olfactory_tract
Cranial nerve I, for smelling
the olfactory bulb and synapse there; from the bulbs (one on each side) the olfactory information is transmitted into the brain via the olfactory tract
Olfactory_nerve
Distortion of the perception of smell
brain via the olfactory fila. Olfactory receptor neuron axons project through the cribriform plate to the olfactory bulb. The olfactory bulb is a structure
Dysosmia
Study of flavor perception and how it affects cognition and memory
within a molecular receptive range are aggregated by glomeruli in the olfactory bulb. Here, the multi-dimensional nature of odorant stimuli is reduced to
Neurogastronomy
Controlling biological cells with light
positioned over the dorsal section of the olfactory bulb. Longer photostimulation of mitral cells in the olfactory bulb led to observations of longer lasting
Optogenetics
Type of neuron with a very small cell body
hippocampus, the superficial layer of the dorsal cochlear nucleus, the olfactory bulb, and the cerebral cortex. Cerebellar granule cells account for the majority
Granule_cell
Large part of the brain containing the cerebral cortex
subcortical structures, including the hippocampus, basal ganglia, and olfactory bulb. In the human brain, the cerebrum is the uppermost region of the central
Cerebrum
Recollection of odors
the olfactory bulb and main olfactory system following birth are extremely important and influential for maternal behavior. Mammalian olfactory cues
Olfactory_memory
Part of the ethmoid bone in the skull
nasal cavities. It supports the olfactory bulb, and is perforated by olfactory foramina for the passage of the olfactory nerves to the roof of the nasal
Cribriform_plate
Type of electrical behavior seen in neurons
Masurkar, AV; Chen, WR (29 September 2011). "Potassium currents of olfactory bulb juxtaglomerular cells: characterization, simulation, and implications
Plateau_potentials
Neurons that are part of the olfactory system
Mitral cells are neurons that are part of the olfactory system. They are located in the olfactory bulb in the mammalian central nervous system. They receive
Mitral_cell
Smell sense organ above the roof of the mouth
axons which travel from the VNO to the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB), also known as the vomeronasal bulb. These sensory receptors are located on the medial
Vomeronasal_organ
Area at the bottom of the forebrain
the olfactory cortex and receives direct input from the olfactory bulb, it has not been shown to play a role in processing of odors. The olfactory tubercle
Olfactory_tubercle
Structure in the brain's olfactory bulb
spherical structure located in the olfactory bulb of the brain where synapses form between the terminals of the olfactory nerve and the dendrites of mitral
Glomerulus_(olfaction)
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Bernard P, Pelczar H, Gradinaru D, Magdalou J, et al. (May 2001). "Rat olfactory bulb and epithelium UDP-glucuronosyltransferase 2A1 (UGT2A1) expression:
UGT2A1
Connections between dendrites
dendrites that signaled to dendrites. While studying the mammalian olfactory bulb, they found that there were active dendrites that couple and send signals
Dendrodendritic_synapse
Structure of the brain in vertebrates
hippocampal allocortex, medially, and olfactory allocortex, laterally (including rostrally the olfactory bulb and anterior olfactory areas). The general layout or
Pallium_(neuroanatomy)
Genetic disorder which disrupts normal functioning of the olfactory and pituitary glands
olfactory bulbs, including KAL1, FGFR1, FGF8, PROKR2, and PROK2. These mutations disrupt the migration of GnRH-producing neurons from the olfactory placode
Kallmann_syndrome
American neuroscientist (1933–2022)
DPhill. His graduate studies in 1963 of the electrophysiology of the olfactory bulb produced one of the first diagrams of a brain microcircuit. Building
Gordon_M._Shepherd
Smelling of an odor not actually there
rare circumstances, surgical procedures to remove the olfactory nerves or bulbs. Other olfactory disorders such as hyposmia and anosmia have been found
Phantosmia
Chinese scientist
Zhaoping also used a model to propose that feedback from the olfactory cortex to the olfactory bulb serves to segment odors from background for individual odor
Li_Zhaoping
Type of macroglia that ensheath unmyelinated olfactory neurons
the olfactory epithelium and the olfactory nerve. In the central nervous system, OECs are found within the outer two layers of the olfactory bulb. During
Olfactory_ensheathing_cell
Portion of the nasal mucosa containing the nerve endings for smell
sustentacular cells of the olfactory mucosa, in the periglomerular cells of the olfactory bulb, and in the anterior olfactory nucleus and olfactory cortices. A study
Olfactory_mucosa
One path neural stem cells take to reach the olfactory bulb
the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the brain migrate to reach the main olfactory bulb (OB). The importance of the RMS lies in its ability to refine and even
Rostral_migratory_stream
Administration of drugs through the nose
transport inside the olfactory nerve cells to the olfactory bulb or by faster transfer along the perineural space surrounding the olfactory nerve cells into
Nasal_administration
Organ central to the nervous system
basal ganglia. The olfactory bulb is a special structure that processes olfactory sensory signals and sends its output to the olfactory part of the pallium
Brain
Part of the nervous system
mechanisms involve olfactory receptor neurons which transduce a chemical signal along the olfactory nerve, which terminates in the olfactory bulb. The chemoreceptors
Sensory_nervous_system
medial preoptic area and the olfactory bulb. It appears that this oxytocin release indirectly primes the main olfactory bulb such that this region may optimally
Olfactory_imprinting_in_sheep
Test of a person's olfactory system
to be able to determine the severity of AD. During AD, a patient's olfactory bulb, amygdala and temporal cortices are affected. There is also severe nerve
University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test
University_of_Pennsylvania_Smell_Identification_Test
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
ligand for the transmembrane protein roundabout, is a repellent for olfactory bulb axons". Cell. 96 (6): 807–18. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)80591-7. PMID 10102269
SLIT2
Generation of cells within the nervous system
of the striatum to the olfactory bulb through the rostral migratory stream (RMS). The migrating neuroblasts in the olfactory bulb become interneurons that
Neurogenesis
Region of the temporal lobe in mammalian brains
size of the olfactory bulb varies with the size of the parahippocampal gyrus, the hippocampal formation was thought to be part of the olfactory system. In
Hippocampal_formation
Burrowing mammal native to Africa
the olfactory bulb. The nose contains nine olfactory bulbs, more than any other mammal. Its keen sense of smell is not just from the quantity of bulbs in
Aardvark
Predatory cartilaginous fishes
have larger olfactory bulbs. In reefs, where visibility is high, species of sharks from the family Carcharhinidae have smaller olfactory bulbs. Sharks found
Shark
Neurobiological terminology
layers V of the entorhinal cortex, the inferior olive in vivo, the olfactory bulb and the dorsal cochlear nucleus. These neurons have been a major input
Subthreshold membrane potential oscillations
Subthreshold_membrane_potential_oscillations
Glycoprotein
developing brain including; cerebrum, hippocampus, cerebellum, and olfactory bulb. ASTN-1 is created via developmental pathways via mRNA, the astrotactin-1
Astrotactin
Factors causing Parkinson's disease
system (body-first), or (2) inhaled through the nose and affecting the olfactory bulb (brain-first). The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends reducing
Causes_of_Parkinson's_disease
Communication of dogs with other dogs and as well as humans
organ. From the VNO, the pheromone signals are sent to the accessory olfactory bulb and transferred to the amygdala. The pheromone will finally be sent
Dog_communication
Hypothetical navigation method of homing pigeons
Olfactory navigation is a hypothesis that proposes the usage of the sense of smell by pigeons, in particular the mail pigeon, in navigation and homing
Olfactory_navigation
Cell that differentiates into one or a few cell types
amplifying neural progenitors migrate via rostral migratory stream to the olfactory bulb and differentiate further into specific types of neural cells. Radial
Progenitor_cell
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
olfactory epithelium, the amount of olfactory precursor cells decreased by half. This in turn caused the mice to develop a lower amount of olfactory cells
Neuropeptide_Y
pheromones. Chemicals that produce odor pass through the olfactory epithelium to the olfactory bulbs, which contain biological receptors that detect the chemicals
Body odour and sexual attraction
Body_odour_and_sexual_attraction
Origin of smell
within a subset of neurons, from which they directly connect to the olfactory bulb in the brain. Olfaction is essential for survival in most vertebrates;
Evolution_of_olfaction
Species of mammal
mitral cells are distributed throughout the outer plexiform layer of the olfactory bulb rather than packed as a monolayer. While both male and female platypuses
Platypus
Social interaction through smell
conversing with people of a different sex. This process is possible with olfactory bulbs, the part of the brain that discriminates and enhances certain odors
Olfactic_communication
American neuroscientist (1956–2005)
(1999). Optical imaging of odorant representations in the mammalian olfactory bulb. Neuron 23, 499–511. Crowley, J.C., and Katz, L.C. (1999). Development
Larry_Katz
Portion of the forebrain of vertebrates
olfactory nucleus (AON) also called the anterior olfactory cortex, is a major early processing area for olfaction located behind the olfactory bulb,
Anterior_olfactory_nucleus
Topics referred to by the same term
Olfactory lobe may refer to: Olfactory bulb in vertebrates Antennal lobe in insects This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title
Olfactory_lobe
Parrot endemic to New Zealand
other parrot species. The kākāpō has a large olfactory bulb ratio (longest diameter of the olfactory bulb/longest diameter of the brain) indicating that
Kākāpō
Heightened sense of smell
most likely due to the destruction of dopaminergic neurons in the olfactory bulb. Methotrexate, administered in the treatment of psoriasis, has been
Hyperosmia
Brain and spinal cord
telencephalisation: the telencephalon of reptiles is only an appendix to the large olfactory bulb, while in mammals it makes up most of the volume of the CNS. In the
Central_nervous_system
Species of large lamniform shark
roll back to avoid attacks. The white shark has a relatively large olfactory bulb, an adaptation for detecting scents across the open ocean. A vomeronasal
Great_white_shark
Enzyme that metabolizes substances by oxidation
in jejunal mucosa mucosa of ileum liver right lobe of liver duodenum olfactory bulb pancreatic epithelial cell pancreatic ductal cell skin of arm Region
CYP3A4
Formation of neuronal junctions in the nervous system
replaced every 5 days. Adult synaptogenesis is most prevalent in the olfactory bulb (OB) as well as the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus. The three
Synaptogenesis
Area in the frontal lobe of the brain
caudal groups. The septal nuclei receive reciprocal connections from the olfactory bulb, hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus, midbrain, habenula, cingulate
Septal_area
Mapping senses to the central nervous system
depending on their chemical preferences. Locations on the olfactory epithelium and the olfactory bulb are correlated so, as with other sensory systems, the
Topographic map (neuroanatomy)
Topographic_map_(neuroanatomy)
Suborder of primates
is relayed to the accessory olfactory bulb, which is relatively large in strepsirrhines. From the accessory olfactory bulb, information is sent to the
Strepsirrhini
Models used in Parkinson's disease research
found in other regions such as the pineal gland, cerebral ventricles, olfactory bulb, hypothalamus, and the area postrema. Several studies have demonstrated
Animal models of Parkinson's disease
Animal_models_of_Parkinson's_disease
Region within the telencephalon in the vertebrate brain
humans the paleocortex is exemplified in the olfactory cortex. For most vertebrates, the olfactory bulb is the main feature of the paleocortex, even though
Paleocortex
Type of dendrite found at the apex of cortical pyramidal cell pathways
projection neurons in the olfactory bulb. Cell bodies of mitral cells are located in a distinct layer deep in the olfactory glomeruli. Each mitral cell
Apical_dendrite
Index of articles associated with the same name
filtering unit of the kidney Glomerulus (olfaction), a structure in the olfactory bulb Glomerulus (cerebellum), the contact between specific cells in the cerebellum
Glomerulus
Topics referred to by the same term
AOB may refer to: Accessory olfactory bulb, the dorsal-posterior region of the main olfactory bulb Ace of Base, a Swedish pop group Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria
AOB
Piece of bone in the breathing passage of humans and other animals
connected to the middle conchae by nerve-endings, and serve to protect the olfactory bulb. The superior conchae are part of the ethmoid bone, like the middle
Nasal_concha
Extinct group of saber-toothed therapsids from the Permian
internal branch of the internal carotid; lob, left olfactory bulb; ob, olfactory bulb; ot, olfactory tract; pg, pituitary gland; pgll, pituitary gland
Gorgonopsia
Nerve cell that converts environmental stimuli into corresponding internal stimuli
potentials. Their axons form the olfactory nerve, and they synapse directly onto neurons in the cerebral cortex (olfactory bulb). They do not use the same route
Sensory_neuron
Chemical substance that enables neurotransmission
Neurons from the VTA innervate the ventral striatum (nucleus accumbens), olfactory bulb, amygdala, hippocampus, orbital and medial prefrontal cortex, and cingulate
Neurotransmitter
Human traits which lost their original function through evolution
Richard A. (1987). "Number of mitral cells and the bulb volume in the aging human olfactory bulb: A quantitative morphological study". The Anatomical
Human_vestigiality
Generating of neurons from neural stem cells in adults
microdomains: lateral, dorsal and medial. Neural stem cells migrate to the olfactory bulb through the rostral migratory stream where they differentiate into interneurons
Adult_neurogenesis
Facial deformity
structure and represents incomplete formation of one side of the nose. The olfactory bulb is usually non-functional on the side involved in the malformation.
Proboscis_(anomaly)
Genetic disorder caused by a mutation of chromosome 15
copy of UBE3A is silenced within the hippocampus, cortex, thalamus, olfactory bulb, and cerebellum. Therefore, a functioning maternal copy of UBE3A is
Angelman_syndrome
Form of dementia associated with Parkinson's disease
slowly progress to PDD. Alpha-synuclein aggregation can begin in the olfactory bulb and travel to the limbic system. A "brain-first" model and "body-first"
Parkinson's_disease_dementia
Volatile chemical compounds perceived by the sense of smell
neuron fires, which sends a signal traveling along the axon to the olfactory bulb, a part of the limbic system of the brain. Interpretation of the smell
Odor
Genus of New World monkeys
organs than their diurnal counterparts. The olfactory bulb, accessory olfactory bulb and volume of lateral olfactory tract are all larger in Aotus than in any
Night_monkey
Part of the brain relating to smell
includes the olfactory bulb, olfactory tract, anterior olfactory nucleus, anterior perforated substance, medial olfactory stria, lateral olfactory stria, parts
Rhinencephalon
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
gyrus of hippocampal formation granule cell granulocyte thymus spleen olfactory bulb islet of Langerhans More reference expression data BioGPS n/a Gene ontology
Microtubule associated serine/threonine kinase 3
Microtubule_associated_serine/threonine_kinase_3
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Olfactory receptor 13G1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the OR13G1 gene. Olfactory receptors interact with odorant molecules in the nose, to
OR13G1
Nasal inhalation to sample odors
to olfactory receptor neurons in the nose and consequentially odor input to the brain. Later, evidence that single neurons in the olfactory bulb, the
Sniffing_(behavior)
cortex, and instead guides many cells to the olfactory bulbs. In fact, the migration to the olfactory bulb is led by the LGE into adulthood. The route
Ganglionic_eminence
Medical condition
imaging techniques such as MRI or CT scans are used to evaluate the olfactory bulbs, tracts, and related brain structures. In congenital anosmia, these
Congenital_anosmia
Dog breed used for tracking by scent
olfactory bulb in dogs is roughly 40 times bigger than the olfactory bulb in humans, relative to total brain size, with 125 to 220 million olfactory receptors
Bloodhound
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
gyrus paraventricular nucleus of hypothalamus olfactory tubercle dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus olfactory bulb subiculum More reference expression data BioGPS
Microtubule-associated protein 2
Microtubule-associated_protein_2
Set of brain structures involved in emotion and motivation
midbrain raphe nuclei, habenular commissure, entorhinal cortex, and olfactory bulbs. The limbic lobe was originally defined by the French anatomist Paul
Limbic_system
Brainwaves with frequencies larger than 80 Hz
HFO in the olfactory bulb structures, which is surprisingly stronger than any other previously seen in the mammalian brain. HFO in the bulb is generated
High-frequency_oscillations
Genetic disorder
underdeveloped (hypoplastic) nose. This is often accompanied by the absence of olfactory bulb, leading to impaired smell (hyposmia or anosmia) and taste (ageusia)
Bosma arhinia microphthalmia syndrome
Bosma_arhinia_microphthalmia_syndrome
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
of mammals, BPIFB4 is generally expressed in very high levels in the olfactory epithelium (nasal mucosa), high levels in the gonads (testis, ovary) and
BPIFB4
Protein-coding gene in humans
ganglionic eminence superior cervical ganglion human fetus fossa neural tube olfactory bulb More reference expression data BioGPS More reference expression data
Doublecortin
Progressive neurodegenerative disease
six-stage Braak system holds that alpha-synuclein pathology begins in the olfactory bulb or outside the central nervous system in the enteric nervous system
Parkinson's_disease
Grouping of holes located on the cribriform plate
up the olfactory nerve, also known as Cranial Nerve I (CNI), from the nasal cavity to meet with the olfactory bulbs. Therefore, the olfactory foramina
Olfactory_foramina
Extinct genus of proboscideans
Shoshani et al. in 2006, the endocast of M. americanum features the olfactory bulbs protruding in front of the frontal lobe. They also drew several proboscidean
Mastodon
Chemical emitted to trigger a response among the same species
connections between the VNO and the central nervous system. The associated olfactory bulb is present in the fetus, but regresses and vanishes in the adult brain
Pheromone
Human blood group classification
cortex superior frontal gyrus striatum of neuraxis hippocampus proper olfactory bulb hypothalamus More reference expression data BioGPS n/a Gene ontology
Duffy_antigen_system
Part of the human skull
the olfactory groove formed by the cribriform plate, which supports the olfactory bulb and presents foramina for the transmission of the olfactory nerves
Anterior_cranial_fossa
Drosophila and vertebrates. Slit was also found to act as a repulsive cue in olfactory bulb guidance. The high conservation of Slit and Robo structures and the
Slit-Robo
Projection neurons in the brain that synthesize and release dopamine
(mesoamygdaloid pathway) VTA → Hippocampus VTA → Cingulate cortex VTA → Olfactory bulb SNc → Subthalamic nucleus The mesocorticolimbic system (mesocorticolimbic
Dopaminergic_pathways
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