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Mathematical representation of absence of a value
In mathematics, the word null (from German: null[citation needed] meaning "zero", which is from Latin: nullus meaning "none") is often associated with
Null_(mathematics)
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up Null, null, a-null, núll, or Nullus in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Null may refer to: Nuller, an optical tool using interferometry to block
Null
Sign representing zero or empty set
The null sign (∅) is a symbol often used in mathematics for denoting the empty set. The same letter in linguistics represents zero, the lack of an element
Null_sign
Value to which tends an infinite sequence
In mathematics, the limit of a sequence is the value that the terms of a sequence "tend to", and is often denoted using the lim {\displaystyle \lim }
Limit_of_a_sequence
Measurable set whose measure is zero
In mathematical analysis, a null set is a Lebesgue measurable set of real numbers that has measure zero. This can be characterized as a set that can be
Null_set
Choosing not to use encryption
communication. In mathematics such a function is known as the identity function. Examples of this are the "eNULL" cipher suite in OpenSSL, and the "NULL Encryption
Null_encryption
Position that there is no relationship between two phenomena
The null hypothesis (often denoted H 0 {\textstyle H_{0}} ) is the claim in scientific research that the effect being studied does not exist. The null hypothesis
Null_hypothesis
Method of statistical inference
statistical significance theory to be mathematically sound while continuing to question the default choice of null hypothesis, blaming instead the "social
Statistical_hypothesis_test
Study of collection and analysis of data
an alternative to an idealized null hypothesis of no relationship between two data sets. Rejecting or disproving the null hypothesis is done using statistical
Statistics
Number
undetermined. Any computation including a null value delivers a null result. In mathematics, there is no "positive zero" or "negative zero" distinct from
0
Marker used in SQL databases to indicate a value does not exist
In the SQL database query language, null or NULL is a special marker used to indicate that a data value does not exist in the database. Introduced by the
Null_(SQL)
Concepts from statistical hypothesis testing
of a true null hypothesis in statistical hypothesis testing. A type II error, or a false negative, is the incorrect acceptance of a false null hypothesis
Type_I_and_type_II_errors
Vector on which a quadratic form is zero
In mathematics, given a vector space X with an associated quadratic form q, written (X, q), a null vector or isotropic vector is a non-zero element x
Null_vector
Boundary region of asymptotically flat spacetimes in general relativity
original study of null infinity originated with Roger Penrose's work analyzing black hole spacetimes. Null infinity is a useful mathematical tool for analyzing
Null_infinity
Vectors mapped to 0 by a linear map
In mathematics, the kernel of a linear map, also known as the null space or nullspace, is the part of the domain which is mapped to the zero vector of
Kernel_(linear_algebra)
Array of numbers
In mathematics, a matrix (pl.: matrices) is a rectangular array of numbers or other mathematical objects with elements or entries arranged in rows and
Matrix_(mathematics)
In mathematics, a null semigroup (also called a zero semigroup) is a semigroup with an absorbing element, called zero, in which the product of any two
Null_semigroup
Statistical hypothesis test
test is valid when the test statistic is chi-squared distributed under the null hypothesis, specifically Pearson's chi-squared test and variants thereof
Chi-squared_test
Infinite cardinal number
ℵ 0 {\displaystyle \aleph _{0}} (read aleph-nought, aleph-zero, or aleph-null); the next larger cardinality of a well-ordered set is ℵ 1 , {\displaystyle
Aleph_number
In mathematics, for example in the study of statistical properties of graphs, a null model is a type of random object that matches one specific object
Null_model
Point of reference in Euclidean space
In mathematics, the origin of a Euclidean space is a special point, usually denoted by the letter O, used as a fixed point of reference for the geometry
Origin_(mathematics)
Statistical test comparing two probability distributions
distribution functions of two samples. The null distribution of this statistic is calculated under the null hypothesis that the sample is drawn from the
Kolmogorov–Smirnov_test
Function of the observed sample results
significance. — Jerzy Neyman, "The Emergence of Mathematical Statistics" In a significance test, the null hypothesis H 0 {\displaystyle H_{0}} is rejected
P-value
A mathematical symbol is a figure or a combination of figures that is used to represent a mathematical object, an action on mathematical objects, a relation
Glossary of mathematical symbols
Glossary_of_mathematical_symbols
Topics referred to by the same term
definition Undefined citizenship, a post-Soviet form of statelessness in Estonia Null (disambiguation) Void (disambiguation) Invalid (disambiguation) Definition
Undefined
Order-zero graph or any edgeless graph
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the term "null graph" may refer either to the order-zero graph, or alternatively, to any edgeless graph (the
Null_graph
In mathematics, with negligible exceptions
meaning of "negligible" depends on the mathematical context; for instance, it can mean finite, countable, or null. In contrast, "almost no" means "a negligible
Almost_all
Used to count, measure, and label
concept of void. In mathematics texts this word often refers to the number zero. In a similar vein, Pāṇini (5th century BC) used the null (zero) operator
Number
Type of subroutine in computer science
it is called a NOP or NOOP (No OPeration). Mathematically, a (computer) function f {\displaystyle f} is null if and only if its execution leaves the program
Null_function
Collection of mathematical objects
In mathematics, a set is a collection of different things; the things are called elements or members of the set and are typically mathematical objects:
Set_(mathematics)
using a nullor, and the textbook analysis of a feedback circuit using an ideal op-amp uses the mathematical conditions imposed by the nullor to analyze
Nullor
Generalization of mass, length, area and volume
In mathematics, the concept of a measure is a generalization and formalization of geometrical measures (length, area, volume) and other common notions
Measure_(mathematics)
Mathematical set with some added structure
In mathematics, a space is a set (sometimes known as a universe) endowed with a structure defining the relationships among the elements of the set. A
Space_(mathematics)
Concept in inferential statistics
\alpha } , is the probability of the study rejecting the null hypothesis, given that the null hypothesis is true; and the p-value of a result, p {\displaystyle
Statistical_significance
Mathematical set containing no elements
textbooks and popularizations, the empty set is referred to as the "null set". However, null set is a distinct notion within the context of measure theory,
Empty_set
Length in a vector space
In mathematics, a norm is a function from a real or complex vector space to the non-negative real numbers that behaves in certain ways like the distance
Norm_(mathematics)
Technique in numerical relativity
formalism, is a technique used in the mathematics of general relativity that involves singling out a pair of null directions at each point of spacetime
GHP_formalism
Branch of applied mathematics
Example applications of mathematical linguistics Mathematical linguistics is the application of mathematics to model phenomena and solve problems in general
Mathematical_linguistics
Mathematical description of spacetime used in relativity
Minkowski spacetime (or Minkowski space; /mɪŋˈkɔːfski, -ˈkɒf-/) is the main mathematical description of spacetime in the absence of gravitation. It combines inertial
Minkowski_spacetime
Mathematical concept
first transfinite cardinal is aleph-null (ℵ0), the cardinality of the set of natural numbers. This modern mathematical conception of the quantitative infinite
Infinity
Branch of mathematics that studies sets
a set, set theory – as a branch of mathematics – is mostly concerned with those that are relevant to mathematics as a whole. The modern study of set
Set_theory
Probability distribution of the test statistic under the null hypothesis
the null distribution is the probability distribution of the test statistic when the null hypothesis is true. For example, in an F-test, the null distribution
Null_distribution
Topics referred to by the same term
expression for rejecting all available candidates None, the keyword for the null pointer in Python Nones (disambiguation) Nothing (disambiguation) Zero (disambiguation)
None
Statistical method for handling multiple comparisons
discovery rate (FDR) is a method of conceptualizing the rate of type I errors in null hypothesis testing when conducting multiple comparisons. FDR-controlling
False_discovery_rate
Algebraic structure with addition and multiplication
In mathematics, a ring is an algebraic structure consisting of a set with two binary operations typically called addition and multiplication and denoted
Ring_(mathematics)
Mathematics of general relativity
alternative energy conditions in common use: The null energy condition stipulates that for every future-pointing null vector field k → {\displaystyle {\vec {k}}}
Energy_condition
Statistic used in statistical hypothesis testing
would distinguish the null from the alternative hypothesis, where such an alternative is prescribed, or that would characterize the null hypothesis if there
Test_statistic
Proposed explanation for an observation, phenomenon, or scientific problem
hypotheses are compared. These are called the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis. The null hypothesis is the hypothesis that states that there
Hypothesis
Can be continuously shrunk to a point
In mathematics, a topological space X is contractible if the identity map on X is null-homotopic, i.e. if it is homotopic to some constant map. Intuitively
Contractible_space
Continuous deformation between two continuous functions
called a null-homotopy.) For example, a map f {\displaystyle f} from the unit circle S 1 {\displaystyle S^{1}} to any space X {\displaystyle X} is null-homotopic
Homotopy
Geometrical construct in general relativity
without reference to the dynamic Einstein field equations. Mathematically a Killing horizon is a null hypersurface defined by the vanishing of the norm of a
Killing_horizon
Sequence of operations for a task
In mathematics and computer science, an algorithm (/ˈælɡərɪðəm/ ) is a finite sequence of mathematically rigorous instructions, typically used to solve
Algorithm
Causal relationships between points in a manifold
{\displaystyle X} is: timelike if g ( X , X ) < 0 {\displaystyle \,g(X,X)<0} null or lightlike if g ( X , X ) = 0 {\displaystyle \,g(X,X)=0} spacelike if g
Causal_structure
Study of mathematical algorithms for optimization problems
Mathematical optimization (alternatively spelled optimisation) or mathematical programming is the selection of a best element, with regard to some criteria
Mathematical_optimization
Vertices connected in pairs by edges
In discrete mathematics, particularly in graph theory, a graph is a structure consisting of a set of objects where some pairs of the objects are in some
Graph_(discrete_mathematics)
Concept in mathematical physics
In mathematical physics, a null dust solution (sometimes called a null fluid) is a Lorentzian manifold in which the Einstein tensor is null. Such a spacetime
Null_dust_solution
School of thought in philosophy of mathematics
philosophy of mathematics, logicism is a school of thought comprising one or more of the theses that – for some coherent meaning of 'logic' – mathematics is an
Logicism
Topics referred to by the same term
Null ideal may refer to: The ideal of null sets in measure theory An ideal that is a pseudo-ring of square zero in ring theory This disambiguation page
Null_ideal
Broadest definition of sizes in integer-dimensional spaces
In mathematics, Lebesgue measure is the standard way of assigning a notion of length to subsets of the real line, area to regions of the Euclidean plane
Lebesgue_measure
Finite ordered list of elements
In mathematics, a tuple is a finite sequence (or ordered list) of numbers. More generally, it is a sequence of mathematical objects, called the elements
Tuple
Natural number
(twenty-seven) is the natural number following 26 and preceding 28. Including the null-motif, there are 27 distinct hypergraph motifs. There are exactly twenty-seven
27_(number)
Romanian American mathematician
The null condition and global existence to nonlinear wave equations. Nonlinear systems of partial differential equations in applied mathematics, Part
Sergiu_Klainerman
Theorem in mathematical analysis
In mathematics, Sard's theorem, also known as Sard's lemma or the Morse–Sard theorem, is a result in mathematical analysis that asserts that the set of
Sard's_theorem
Japanese mathematician
in mathematics and physics. He is a professor of mathematics at Stanford University; he formerly was a fellow and Director of Studies of Mathematics at
Tadashi_Tokieda
First letter of the Greek alphabet
In mathematics, the letter alpha is used to denote the area underneath a normal curve in statistics to denote significance level when proving null and
Alpha
Generalization of perpendicularity
{v} )=0} . Depending on the bilinear form, the vector space may contain null vectors, non-zero self-orthogonal vectors, in which case perpendicularity
Orthogonality_(mathematics)
Matrix decomposition
_{r}} . Mathematical applications of the SVD include computing the pseudoinverse, matrix approximation, and determining the rank, range, and null space
Singular_value_decomposition
Australian and American mathematician (born 1975)
harmonic analysis, and additive number theory. He is a professor of mathematics at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), where he holds the
Terence_Tao
Conversion of a matrix or a tensor to a vector
In mathematics, especially in linear algebra and matrix theory, the vectorization of a matrix is a linear transformation which converts the matrix into
Vectorization_(mathematics)
Mathematically obvious
include, among others: Empty set: the set containing no or null members Trivial group: the mathematical group containing only the identity element Trivial ring:
Triviality_(mathematics)
In mathematics, a nullform of a vector space acted on linearly by a group is a vector on which all invariants of the group vanish. Nullforms were introduced
Nullform
Misinterpretation of statistical significance
two results: either the null hypothesis is rejected (which however does not prove that the null hypothesis is false), or the null hypothesis cannot be rejected
Misuse_of_p-values
Type that allows only one value
return null (in fact, typeof(null) is void): typeof(null) returnThatSpecialThing() { return null; } void writeTypeOfNull() { writeln(typeof(null)); //
Unit_type
Mathematical analysis of discontinuous points
While continuous functions are important in mathematics, not all functions are continuous. If a function is not continuous at a limit point (also called
Classification of discontinuities
Classification_of_discontinuities
Statistical hypothesis test
in which the test statistic follows a Student's t-distribution under the null hypothesis. It is most commonly applied when the test statistic would follow
Student's_t-test
Two interrelated physics theories by Albert Einstein
sufficiently accurate to detect the expected effects, but he obtained a null result when the first experiment was conducted in 1881, and again in 1887
Theory_of_relativity
that the null hypothesis was correct, which can indicate the incompatibility of results with the specific statistical model assumed in the null hypothesis
List of common misconceptions about science, technology, and mathematics
List_of_common_misconceptions_about_science,_technology,_and_mathematics
Conditional statement which is true because the antecedent cannot be satisfied
In mathematics and logic, a vacuous truth is a conditional or universal statement (specifically a universal statement that can be converted to a conditional
Vacuous_truth
Reals with an extra square root of +1 adjoined
This basis is called the diagonal basis or null basis. The split-complex number z can be written in the null basis as z = x + j y = ( x − y ) e + ( x +
Split-complex_number
Types of mappings in mathematics
In mathematics, a functional is a certain type of function. The exact definition of the term varies depending on the subfield (and sometimes even the
Functional_(mathematics)
Set of integral curves of a vector field
Congruences generated by nowhere vanishing timelike, null, or spacelike vector fields are called timelike, null, or spacelike respectively. A congruence is called
Congruence (general relativity)
Congruence_(general_relativity)
Chance of wrongly rejecting the null hypothesis
fall-out or false alarm rate ) is the probability of falsely rejecting the null hypothesis for a particular test. The false positive rate is calculated as
False_positive_rate
Famous randomized experiment
(1935). The experiment is the original exposition of Fisher's notion of a null hypothesis, which is "never proved or established, but is possibly disproved
Lady_tasting_tea
Data having only values "true" or "false"
condition-testing statements (if, while) assume that zero (and hence a NULL pointer or a null string terminator '\0' also) is false and all other values are true
Boolean_data_type
Branch of mathematics concerning probability
Probability theory or probability calculus is the branch of mathematics concerned with probability. Although there are several different probability interpretations
Probability_theory
Obligation on a party in a dispute to provide sufficient warrant for their position
with the null hypothesis, then the null hypothesis is not rejected. In neither case is the null hypothesis or its alternative proven; the null hypothesis
Burden_of_proof_(philosophy)
Concept used in black hole solutions
trapped null surface is often used interchangeably. However, when discussing causal horizons, trapped null surfaces are defined as only null vector fields
Trapped_surface
Size of a possibly infinite set
In mathematics, a cardinal number, or cardinal for short, is a kind of number that measures the cardinality of a set, i.e., how many elements there are
Cardinal_number
Distance from zero to a number
In mathematics, the absolute value or modulus of a real number x {\displaystyle x} , denoted | x | {\displaystyle |x|} , is the (non-negative) magnitude
Absolute_value
Twenty-first letter in the Greek alphabet
means the diameter of the circle is 14 units. The null sign, ∅, which denotes the empty set in mathematics is sometimes also erroneously mistaken for phi
Phi
Matrix whose entries are all 0
In mathematics, particularly linear algebra, a zero matrix or null matrix is a matrix all of whose entries are zero. It also serves as the additive identity
Zero_matrix
Observed inability to reproduce scientific studies
unlikely to reflect true effects. Mathematically, the probability of replicating a previous publication that rejected a null hypothesis H 0 {\displaystyle
Replication_crisis
Number that is larger than all finite numbers
In mathematics, transfinite numbers or infinite numbers are numbers that are "infinite" in the sense that they are larger than all finite numbers. These
Transfinite_number
Statistical test that compares goodness of fit
ensures mathematically that (by Wilks' theorem) λ LR {\displaystyle \lambda _{\text{LR}}} converges asymptotically to being χ²-distributed if the null hypothesis
Likelihood-ratio_test
Generalization of straight line to a curved space time
along a timelike geodesic; massless particles like the photon instead follow null geodesics (replace −1 with zero on the right-hand side of the last equation)
Geodesics in general relativity
Geodesics_in_general_relativity
All-encompassing set or class
In mathematics, and particularly in set theory, category theory, type theory, and the foundations of mathematics, a universe is a collection that contains
Universe_(mathematics)
Hungarian and American mathematician and physicist (1903–1957)
many fields, including mathematics, physics, economics, computing, and statistics. He was a pioneer in building the mathematical framework of quantum physics
John_von_Neumann
Infinite set that is not countable
number: a set is uncountable if its cardinal number is larger than aleph-null, the cardinality of the natural numbers. Examples of uncountable sets include
Uncountable_set
Key results in general relativity on gravitational singularities
solutions of the Einstein field equations. Null singularities: These singularities occur on light-like or null surfaces. An example might be found in certain
Penrose–Hawking singularity theorems
Penrose–Hawking_singularity_theorems
Differentiable manifold with nondegenerate metric tensor
modeling spacetime, where tangent vectors can be classified as timelike, null, and spacelike. In differential geometry, a differentiable manifold is a
Pseudo-Riemannian_manifold
NULL MATHEMATICS
NULL MATHEMATICS
Girl/Female
Arabic
Arabian Jasmine
Surname or Lastname
Dutch and German
Dutch and German : from the personal name Nel, a reduced form of Cornelius.South German : nickname from Middle High German nelle ‘crown of the head’, perhaps denoting an obstinate person.English : from the Middle English personal name Nel(le), a variant of Neill.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained.Possibly a shortened form of any of several German compound surnames formed with Full- or Füll-.
Male
Hungarian
Hungarian form of Greek Emmanouel, EMÃNUEL means "God is with us."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the Old English personal name Cula.Americanized spelling of German and Swedish Kall or German Koll.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Hill 1.English : from a pet form of Hugh.
Male
English
Medieval pet form of English Oliver, probably NOLL means "elf army."
Boy/Male
British, English
Grinder
Boy/Male
British, English, Spanish
Strong Leader; Empty
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from an Old English personal name, Lulla.German (Lüll) : from a short form of any of the Germanic personal names formed with liut- ‘people’ as the first element.Catalan (also Llull) : from the personal name Lullus, probably of Germanic origin.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname from Middle English gulle ‘gull’ or gul(le) (Old Norse gulr) ‘yellow’, ‘pale’ (of hair or complexion).Swiss German : nickname for an irascible or unreliable person, from an Alemannic form of Latin gallus ‘rooster’. See also Guell.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : of uncertain origin, possibly from an unrecorded late survival of the Old English personal name Tula.South German (Tüll) : from a nickname for someone who was patient, from Middle High German dult ‘patience’; or from a personal name formed with the same word; or from Middle High German tult, dult ‘fair’, ‘festival’ (Bavarian Dult).South German : nickname for a stubborn man, Tull.Altered spelling of German Toll.
Girl/Female
Greek American English French
Shining light. The bright one.
Boy/Male
Celtic
Champion.
Boy/Male
Shakespearean
Love's Labours Lost' A constable.
Girl/Female
Afghan, Australian, Danish, Swedish
God
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname for a strong, aggressive, bull-like man, from Middle English bul(l)e, bol(l)e. Occasionally, the name may denote a keeper of a bull. Compare Bulman.German (mainly northern) : from a byname for a cattle breeder, keeper, or dealer. Compare South German Ochs.South German : nickname for a short fat man, a variant of Bolle, or a nickname for a man with the physical characteristics of a bull.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Battle maiden
Female
English
Pet form of English Eleanor, NELL means "foreign; the other."
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Danish, English, French, German, Greek, Irish, Swedish
Shining Light; Light; The Light of the Sun from Eleanor and Variation of Helen; Sun Ray; Stone; Champion; Horn; Torch; Moon; Moon Elope
NULL MATHEMATICS
NULL MATHEMATICS
Boy/Male
Celtic
Wise.
Boy/Male
Italian Spanish
A place name.
Girl/Female
Indian
Smile
Boy/Male
Hindu
One of a kind or rare, Quite new, Exquisite, Unprecedented, Like never before
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Jain, Malayalam, Sindhi, Tamil
Winner; Victory
Boy/Male
German
People's Spirit
Boy/Male
Indian
Servant of the right-minded, Slave of the guide
Boy/Male
Hindu
Most Love
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Prince
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Red Colour Dress
NULL MATHEMATICS
NULL MATHEMATICS
NULL MATHEMATICS
NULL MATHEMATICS
NULL MATHEMATICS
v. t.
To heat, sweeten, and enrich with spices; as, to mull wine.
n.
The act of rowing; as, a pull on the river.
a.
No; not any; as, nul disseizin; nul tort.
n.
A contest; a struggle; as, a wrestling pull.
n.
A cully; a dupe; a gull. See Cully.
v. t.
To strip off or separate the hull or hulls of; to free from integument; as, to hull corn.
superl.
Furnishing little delight, spirit, or variety; uninteresting; tedious; cheerless; gloomy; melancholy; depressing; as, a dull story or sermon; a dull occupation or period; hence, cloudy; overcast; as, a dull day.
v. t.
To move or operate by the motion of drawing towards one; as, to pull a bell; to pull an oar.
v. t.
To endeavor to raise the market price of; as, to bull railroad bonds; to bull stocks; to bull Lake Shore; to endeavor to raise prices in; as, to bull the market. See 1st Bull, n., 4.
superl.
Not bright or clear to the eye; wanting in liveliness of color or luster; not vivid; obscure; dim; as, a dull fire or lamp; a dull red or yellow; a dull mirror.
Compar.
Not wanting in any essential quality; complete, entire; perfect; adequate; as, a full narrative; a person of full age; a full stop; a full face; the full moon.
n.
A knob, handle, or lever, etc., by which anything is pulled; as, a drawer pull; a bell pull.
a.
Full to the brim; quite full; chock-full.
n.
A promontory; as, the Mull of Cantyre.
v. t.
To gather with the hand, or by drawing toward one; to pluck; as, to pull fruit; to pull flax; to pull a finch.
Compar.
Abundantly furnished or provided; sufficient in. quantity, quality, or degree; copious; plenteous; ample; adequate; as, a full meal; a full supply; a full voice; a full compensation; a house full of furniture.
a.
Of or pertaining to a bull; resembling a bull; male; large; fierce.
a.
Quite full; choke-full.
v. i.
To become dull or stupid.
v. t.
To dispirit or deaden; to dull or blunt.