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Marker used in SQL databases to indicate a value does not exist
In the SQL database query language, null or NULL is a special marker used to indicate that a data value does not exist in the database. Introduced by
Null_(SQL)
Topics referred to by the same term
light Null (SQL) (or NULL), a special marker and keyword in SQL indicating that a data value does not exist, is not known, or is missing. Null character
Null
SQL clause
department. These are the SQL statements to create the above tables: CREATE TABLE department( DepartmentID INT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL, DepartmentName VARCHAR(20)
Join_(SQL)
Topics referred to by the same term
the empty set Null (SQL) (ω), a special marker and keyword NULL in SQL Empty string (λ, Λ, or ε), in formal language theory Null (disambiguation) Ø (disambiguation)
Null_symbol
Set of rules defining correctly structured programs
anything with Null directly, SQL provides two Null-specific comparison predicates: IS NULL and IS NOT NULL test whether data is or is not Null. SQL does not
SQL_syntax
Relational database programming language
concatenation, NULLs, and comparison case sensitivity vary from vendor to vendor. PostgreSQL and Mimer SQL strive for standards compliance, though PostgreSQL does
SQL
Syntax for defining data structures
In the context of SQL, data definition or data description language (DDL) is a syntax for creating and modifying database objects such as tables, indices
Data_definition_language
Binary operator in computer programming
defined to be NULL or not. The ANSI SQL-92 standard includes the COALESCE function implemented in Oracle, SQL Server, PostgreSQL, SQLite and MySQL. The COALESCE
Null_coalescing_operator
Procedural extension for SQL and the Oracle relational database
PL/SQL (Procedural Language for SQL) is Oracle Corporation's procedural extension for SQL and the Oracle relational database. PL/SQL is available in Oracle
PL/SQL
reserved. SQL SQL syntax List of relational database management systems Page listing all reserved words in the SQL standard, from SQL-92 to SQL:2016: Standard
List_of_SQL_reserved_words
Data having only values "true" or "false"
In SQL, which uses a three-valued logic for explicit comparisons because of its special treatment of Nulls, the Boolean data type (introduced in SQL:1999)
Boolean_data_type
2023 edition of the SQL standard
(T879–T882) Various smaller changes to the existing SQL language (all optional features): UNIQUE null treatment (F292) ORDER BY in grouped table (F868)
SQL:2023
Free and open-source object relational database management system
database management system (RDBMS) emphasizing extensibility and SQL compliance. PostgreSQL features transactions with atomicity, consistency, isolation,
PostgreSQL
Family of database software by Microsoft
Microsoft SQL Server is a proprietary relational database management system developed by Microsoft using Structured Query Language (SQL, often pronounced
Microsoft_SQL_Server
Feature of some programming languages
database, as in NULL in SQL. In other words, NULL is undefined. Primitive types such as integers and Booleans cannot generally be null, but the corresponding
Nullable_type
Concept in relational database design
UNIQUE constraints on nullable columns but the SQL standard states that the constraint does not guarantee uniqueness of nullable columns (uniqueness is
Unique_key
Concept in relational databases
letters or typographic symbols) but not data marks (also known as NULL marks in SQL world). Morphologically, a composite primary key is in a "steady state":
Entity_integrity
Concept in database systems
considered. SQL:2003 specifies 5 different referential actions that shall take place in such occurrences: CASCADE RESTRICT NO ACTION SET NULL SET DEFAULT
Foreign_key
SQL data filter
certain comparisons with NULL values. Proper use of these advanced conditions enhances the flexibility and robustness of SQL queries, particularly in
Condition_(SQL)
Where all data references are valid
languages—SQL Part 1: Framework (SQL/Framework) Part 2: Foundation (SQL/Foundation) Chigrik, Alexander (2003-08-13). "Managing Users Permissions on SQL Server"
Referential_integrity
Database systems concept
failures. EMPLOYEES TABLE SQL> desc EMPLOYEES_DETAILS; Name Null? Type --------------- -------- ------------ EMPLOYEE_ID NOT NULL NUMBER(6) FIRST_NAME VARCHAR2(20)
Cursor_(databases)
Function over multiple rows in SQL
Ophelia| | Nick| Ophelia| Zach| | Ophelia| Zach| (null)| Window functions were incorporated into the SQL:2003 standard and had functionality expanded in
Window_function_(SQL)
"Visual Expert for Oracle - PL/SQL Code Analyzer". www.visual-expert.com. 2017-08-24. "Visual Expert for SQL Server - Transact SQL Code Analyzer". www.visual-expert
List of tools for static code analysis
List_of_tools_for_static_code_analysis
following SQL schema is one possible expression of the Suppliers-and-Parts database. CREATE TABLE Supplier ( SID int primary key, SName varchar(10) NOT NULL, Status
Suppliers_and_Parts_database
Type of operation in SQL
50 AND 75) o2 ON o1.id = o2.id WHERE o2.id IS NULL Union (set theory) Join (SQL) SQL:2003 Select (SQL) "The UNION [ALL], INTERSECT, MINUS Operators"
Set_operations_(SQL)
Database management system
Customers ( Id CHAR(12) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, Surname VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL, FirstName VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL, DOB DATE NOT NULL # DOB: Date of Birth ); SELECT
Object–relational_database
SQL statement
An SQL INSERT statement adds one or more records to any single table in a relational database. Insert statements have the following form: INSERT INTO
Insert_(SQL)
Relational databases concept
the SQL Standard, primary keys may consist of one or multiple columns. Each column participating in the primary key is implicitly defined as NOT NULL. Note
Primary_key
Standard for accessing information about a database schema
Microsoft SQL Server MonetDB Snowflake MySQL PostgreSQL H2 Database HSQLDB InterSystems Caché MariaDB SingleStore (formerly MemSQL) Mimer SQL Trino Presto
Information_schema
SQL statement
In the database structured query language (SQL), the DELETE statement is used to remove one or more rows from a table. A subset may be defined for deletion
Delete_(SQL)
Subroutine available to applications that access relational database management systems
introduction of procedural elements to the SQL language in the SQL:1999 and SQL:2003 standards in the part SQL/PSM. That made SQL an imperative programming language
Stored_procedure
Online forum board
Nulled was an online cracking forum. In 2016, Nulled suffered a data breach, which helped law enforcement to obtain information about possible 'suspects'
Nulled
In computing, a condition where an expression does not have a correct value
expr↑, and definedness as expr↓. Defined and undefined (mathematics) Null (SQL) Type theory Unit type "undef". Perl 5 documentation. 2009-09-25. Retrieved
Undefined_value
A hierarchical query is a type of SQL query that handles hierarchical model data. These are useful for working with databases of graph-structured data
Hierarchical and recursive queries in SQL
Hierarchical_and_recursive_queries_in_SQL
SQL clause
for Nulls. With the SQL:2003 extension T611, "Elementary OLAP operations", nulls can be sorted before or after all data values by using the NULLS FIRST
Order_by
Software programming technique
from SQL storage") } user, err = uc.storage.Get(r.Context(), "johndoe") if err != nil { uc.log.Error().Err(err).Msg("Error getting user from SQL storage")
Dependency_injection
at which point it is no longer likely to be processed again. In PostgreSQL, a useful partial index might be defined as: create index partial_status
Partial_index
Open source object-relational mapping framework
database-specific provider that translates the Entity SQL command tree into a query in the native SQL flavor of the database. It includes the Store-specific
Entity_Framework
Custom SQL data type
The SQL:1999 standard introduced a number of object–relational database features into SQL, chiefly among them structured user-defined types, usually called
Structured_type
Database feature
confused with parameterized query) is a feature where the database pre-compiles SQL code and stores the results, separating it from data. Benefits of prepared
Prepared_statement
Database management system
requiring a complete rewrite. Oracle mode enables PL/SQL stored procedure syntax, Oracle-compatible NULL handling, and Oracle-style functions including NVL()
MariaDB
Text format for tabular data using a comma between fields
less well developed, relative to more precise data formats, such as XML and SQL, which offer richer types and rules-based validation. CSV is commonly used
Comma-separated_values
American film critic (born 1971)
of "Null" Gives This Man Problems with Computers". Neatorama. Retrieved 22 November 2024. Randolph (18 January 2017). "My surname is NULL". Born SQL. Retrieved
Christopher_Null
Theory of relational databases
existence of a null value, ω, which we do not define, to be used for the fill values; in practice this corresponds to the NULL in SQL. In order to make
Relational_algebra
Relational model database server
SAP ASE (Adaptive Server Enterprise), originally known as Sybase SQL Server, and also commonly known as Sybase DB or Sybase ASE, is a relational model
Adaptive_Server_Enterprise
Polish computer scientist
competition website is now hosted at: https://nagrodalipskiego.ideas-ncbr.pl/ Null (SQL) Rough Sets and Intelligent Systems - Professor Zdzisław Pawlak in Memoriam
Witold_Lipski
ASCII-compatible variable-width encoding of Unicode
65001 was active "MySQL :: MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual :: 10.9.1 The utf8mb4 Character Set (4-Byte UTF-8 Unicode Encoding)". MySQL 8.0 Reference Manual
UTF-8
Reduction of data redundancy
sub-language" grounded in first-order logic. An example of such a language is SQL, though it is one that Codd regarded as seriously flawed. The objectives
Database_normalization
Scripting language created in 1994
$exec_result Mozilla--> Hey, you are using Netscape!<p> <!--endif--> <!--sql database select * from table where user='$username'--> <!--ifless $numentries
PHP
Version of the C# programming language
improved interaction with SQL databases, which can have nullable columns of types corresponding to C# primitive types: an SQL INTEGER NULL column type directly
C_Sharp_2.0
Concept in software engineering
orElse(null); This will find a new Part object based on the first matching row from the parts table whose name column has the value "gearbox". The SQL command
Active_record_pattern
Condition in databases
specific pages identified in an index. The typical situation that will make an SQL query non-sargable is to include in the WHERE clause a function operating
Sargable
SQL statement
keys, unique indexes, CHECK constraints, and NOT NULL constraints). In some databases, such as PostgreSQL, when a FROM clause is present, the target table
Update_(SQL)
Function provided by the user of a program or environment
(usually SQL) statements. The SQL standard distinguishes between scalar and table functions. A scalar function returns only a single value (or NULL), whereas
User-defined_function
Level of database normalization
cannot be created using SQL that conforms to the SQL:2003 standard). A table with at least one nullable attribute. A nullable attribute would be in violation
First_normal_form
Database model
SQL uses a Null value to indicate missing data, which has no analog in the relational model. Because a row can represent unknown information, SQL does
Relational_model
Polish-American computer scientist (born 1954)
doi:10.2168/lmcs-2(3:6)2006. S2CID 2567206. Connotate Technologies, Inc Null (SQL) Association rule mining Relational algebra Imieliński-Lipski Algebras
Tomasz_Imieliński
Extension of relational algebra
to deal with null values, supported treatment of nulls values by SQL is not complete, see Ullman book. To show this, let T be: Take SQL query Q SELECT
Imieliński–Lipski_algebra
Sequential scan of a database
The hint lets optimizer to use full table scan. The first example shows a SQL statement that returns the name of every fruit in the fruits table whose
Full_table_scan
Software verification method
Resource leaks Memory leaks Security attack vulnerabilities (e.g., SQL injection) Null pointers Uninitialized memory Buffer overflows Runtime error detection
Runtime_error_detection
Database software
package, Pervasive.SQL. This has enabled them to support both their Btrieve navigational database engine and an SQL-based engine, Scalable SQL. Current versions
Btrieve
Input which activates otherwise hidden functionality
2009, retrieved May 11, 2009 Wang Lam (May 21, 2003), The Behavior of NULL's in SQL, Stanford University, retrieved May 13, 2009 Eric Freeman, Elisabeth
Magic_string
SQL toolkit and object-relational mapper
SQLAlchemy is an open-source Python library that provides an SQL toolkit (called "SQLAlchemy Core") and an object–relational mapper (ORM) for database
SQLAlchemy
Several of them are also provided in Transact-SQL by the .NET Framework Data Provider for Microsoft SQL Server. The functions are simple data validation
Is_functions
semantics Each Ion type supports a null variant, indicating a lack of value while maintaining a strict type (e.g., null.int, null.struct). The Ion format permits
Ion_(serialization_format)
Database protocol
Sybase SQL Server relational database engine in 1984, and later by Microsoft in Microsoft SQL Server. During the early development of Sybase SQL Server
Tabular_Data_Stream
Return code in the SQL standard
Programs calling a database that accords to the SQL standard receive an indication of the success or failure of the call. This return code - which is
SQLSTATE
ETL tool developed by Microsoft
first announced in 2011 under the codename "Data Explorer" as part of Azure SQL Labs. In 2013, in order to expand on the self-service business intelligence
Power_Query
Computer data interchange format
Specification". bsonspec.org. Retrieved 2021-11-24. "Introducing NoSQL and MongoDB | What Is NoSQL? | InformIT". www.informit.com. Retrieved 2018-01-17. "regex
BSON
General-purpose programming language
while still being simple and generic. They do not have to be used to solve null pointer problems; they are also useful for any type of value where "no value"
Zig_(programming_language)
Database used for statistical analysis purposes
advanced statistical analysis techniques, such as correlations, which go beyond SQL. They also pose unique security concerns, which were the focus of much research
Statistical_database
matches PATTERN (this is SQL*Plus specific script) COLUMN DUMMY NOPRINT COMPUTE SUM OF NUM_ROWS ON DUMMY BREAK ON DUMMY SELECT NULL DUMMY, T.TABLE_NAME, C
Oracle_metadata
Proprietary programming language
pass a text string to your SQL object. Use GetSQL(SQL.sqlname) to get the SQL from a SQL definition. &SQL = CreateSQL("SQL Statement",[bind values]);
PeopleCode
Microsoft .NET Framework component
extends the language by the addition of query expressions, which are akin to SQL statements, and can be used to conveniently extract and process data from
Language_Integrated_Query
Type of data model
Inside Microsoft SQL Server 2008: T-SQL Programming (Microsoft Press) Jeroen Coussement, "Replacing EAV with JSONB in PostgreSQL" (2016) Postgres 9
Entity–attribute–value_model
Language construct that specifies how a compiler should process its input
January 2014). Oracle PL/SQL Programming (6 ed.). O'Reilly Media, Inc. (published 2014). ISBN 9781449324414. Retrieved 2016-06-16. PL/SQL has a PRAGMA keyword
Directive_(programming)
Hacktivist group
NullCrew was a hacktivist group founded in 2012 that took responsibility for multiple high-profile computer attacks against corporations, educational institutions
NullCrew
Object–relational mapping solution
track of changes // made to it if (customer != null) { // Changing a property of an object does NOT cause SQL to be executed customer.TokenVerified = true;
NHibernate
Theorem of expressive equivalence between relational languages
doesn't consider SQL nulls and the three-valued logic they entail; the logical treatment of nulls remains mired in controversy. Additionally, SQL has multiset
Codd's_theorem
Computer programming convention
final_thing(); if (data != NULL && res > 0) { if (JS_DefineProperty(cx, o, "data", STRING_TO_JSVAL(JS_NewStringCopyN(cx, data, res)), NULL, NULL, JSPROP_ENUMERATE)
Indentation_style
include: Buffer overflow Cross-site scripting Directory traversal Null byte injection SQL injection Uncontrolled format string Input validation – Process
Improper_input_validation
General-purpose programming language
between nullable and non-nullable data types. All nullable objects must be declared with a "?" postfix after the type name. Operations on nullable objects
Kotlin
Type of web vulnerability
Project, an open-source penetration testing tool that includes tests for RFI SQL injection Threat (computer) w3af, an open-source web application security
File_inclusion_vulnerability
Variable that represents an argument to a function
"intent"), various procedural extensions to SQL, such as PL/SQL (see PL/SQL functions) and Transact-SQL, C# and the .NET Framework, Swift, and the scripting
Parameter (computer programming)
Parameter_(computer_programming)
Statistical methods for comparing samples
null hypothesis if | z | > 1.96 {\displaystyle |z|>1.96} (for a two-tailed test). Or, alternatively, by computing the p-value and rejecting the null hypothesis
Two-proportion_Z-test
Computer software
Integrity constraints include: NOT NULL – Within the definition of a table, Virtuoso allows data to contain a NULL value. This NULL value is not really a value
Virtuoso_Universal_Server
Type of integrity constraint in SQL
designer's lack of foresight. PostgreSQL 13 Documentation, Chapter 5. Data Definition, Section 5.4.2. Not-Null Constraints, Website: https://www.postgresql
Check_constraint
Computing operation which compares two values
b.rank, b.name) In some SQL dialects, <=> is used as a null-safe join operator which will match operands if both are null. Sign function Three-valued
Three-way_comparison
function name, or get this information by another way. Several RDBMS (Db2, MySQL) do not support that the same trigger can be attached to more than one operation
Log_trigger
Sequence of characters, data type
character value with all bits zero such as in C programming language. See also "Null-terminated" below. String datatypes have historically allocated one byte
String_(computer_science)
Joining of strings in a programming language
World". Dedicated operator, such as . in PHP, & in Visual Basic, || in SQL and ~ in D. Advantages over reusing + may include supporting implicit type
Concatenation
Programming language
introduced sound null safety. This serves as a guarantee that variables cannot return a null value unless it has explicit permission. Null safety prevents
Dart_(programming_language)
Class of algorithms
traversal examples in PHP Managing Hierarchical Data in MySQL Working with Graphs in MySQL See tree traversal implemented in various programming language
Tree_traversal
Relational database design
Kline, Kevin; Gould, Lee; Zanevsky, Andrew (1999). Transact-SQL Programming: Covers Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 /7.0 and Sybase Adaptive Server 11.5. ISBN 9781565924017
Codd's_12_rules
stored in a relational database. It is heavily inspired by SQL, and its queries resemble SQL queries in syntax, but operate against JPA entity objects
Jakarta Persistence Query Language
Jakarta_Persistence_Query_Language
Database indexing technique
column contains many nulls. Massive performance advantages are gained when scanning across sparse data. Development for PostgreSQL was carried out as part
Block_Range_Index
Conditional statement which is true because the antecedent cannot be satisfied
SQL, the function, the function ANY_VALUE can differ depending on the RDBMS's behaviour relating NULLs to vacuous truth. Some RDBMS might return null
Vacuous_truth
Data protection process
technologies to apply Dynamic data masking: In the database: Database receives the SQL and applies rewrite to returned masked result set. Applicable for developers
Data_masking
Programming language and IDE
systems. These include specialized libraries for Oracle, SQL Server, MySQL/MariaDB, PostgreSQL, SQLite, and InterBase/Firebird. Some components, like DAC
Delphi_(software)
Unique string of length zero
formal language theory, the empty string, also known as the empty word or null string, is the unique string of length zero. Formally, a string is a finite
Empty_string
NULL SQL
NULL SQL
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from the Old English personal name Cula.Americanized spelling of German and Swedish Kall or German Koll.
Boy/Male
Celtic
Champion.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Battle maiden
Male
English
Medieval pet form of English Oliver, probably NOLL means "elf army."
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Danish, English, French, German, Greek, Irish, Swedish
Shining Light; Light; The Light of the Sun from Eleanor and Variation of Helen; Sun Ray; Stone; Champion; Horn; Torch; Moon; Moon Elope
Male
Hungarian
Hungarian form of Greek Emmanouel, EMÃNUEL means "God is with us."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname for a strong, aggressive, bull-like man, from Middle English bul(l)e, bol(l)e. Occasionally, the name may denote a keeper of a bull. Compare Bulman.German (mainly northern) : from a byname for a cattle breeder, keeper, or dealer. Compare South German Ochs.South German : nickname for a short fat man, a variant of Bolle, or a nickname for a man with the physical characteristics of a bull.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Hill 1.English : from a pet form of Hugh.
Female
English
Pet form of English Eleanor, NELL means "foreign; the other."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : nickname from Middle English gulle ‘gull’ or gul(le) (Old Norse gulr) ‘yellow’, ‘pale’ (of hair or complexion).Swiss German : nickname for an irascible or unreliable person, from an Alemannic form of Latin gallus ‘rooster’. See also Guell.
Girl/Female
Arabic
Arabian Jasmine
Boy/Male
British, English
Grinder
Boy/Male
Shakespearean
Love's Labours Lost' A constable.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from an Old English personal name, Lulla.German (Lüll) : from a short form of any of the Germanic personal names formed with liut- ‘people’ as the first element.Catalan (also Llull) : from the personal name Lullus, probably of Germanic origin.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : of uncertain origin, possibly from an unrecorded late survival of the Old English personal name Tula.South German (Tüll) : from a nickname for someone who was patient, from Middle High German dult ‘patience’; or from a personal name formed with the same word; or from Middle High German tult, dult ‘fair’, ‘festival’ (Bavarian Dult).South German : nickname for a stubborn man, Tull.Altered spelling of German Toll.
Boy/Male
British, English, Spanish
Strong Leader; Empty
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained.Possibly a shortened form of any of several German compound surnames formed with Full- or Füll-.
Girl/Female
Greek American English French
Shining light. The bright one.
Girl/Female
Afghan, Australian, Danish, Swedish
God
Surname or Lastname
Dutch and German
Dutch and German : from the personal name Nel, a reduced form of Cornelius.South German : nickname from Middle High German nelle ‘crown of the head’, perhaps denoting an obstinate person.English : from the Middle English personal name Nel(le), a variant of Neill.
NULL SQL
NULL SQL
Boy/Male
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Marathi
To Give Something; Self Surrender to God; Devoted
Boy/Male
English
An Old English name meaning golden friend.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Acumen; Perspicacity
Male
English
Scottish Anglicized form of Gaelic Gilleasbaig, GILLESPIE means "bishop's servant."Â
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Malayalam, Marathi, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sikh
Flame
Female
Native American
Native American Algonquin name NITTAWOSEW means "she is not sterile."
Boy/Male
Afghan, Arabic, Celebrity, Indian, Muslim, Sindhi, Traditional, Turkish
Name of a King; Winner; Successful; A Classy Stone; Turquoise Color
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Illuminates Others; Enlightened
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Great; Wise; Humble
Girl/Female
Tamil
A small stream of sweet water
NULL SQL
NULL SQL
NULL SQL
NULL SQL
NULL SQL
n.
The act of rowing; as, a pull on the river.
v. t.
To endeavor to raise the market price of; as, to bull railroad bonds; to bull stocks; to bull Lake Shore; to endeavor to raise prices in; as, to bull the market. See 1st Bull, n., 4.
v. t.
To strip off or separate the hull or hulls of; to free from integument; as, to hull corn.
a.
Of or pertaining to a bull; resembling a bull; male; large; fierce.
v. t.
To heat, sweeten, and enrich with spices; as, to mull wine.
n.
A promontory; as, the Mull of Cantyre.
a.
No; not any; as, nul disseizin; nul tort.
Compar.
Abundantly furnished or provided; sufficient in. quantity, quality, or degree; copious; plenteous; ample; adequate; as, a full meal; a full supply; a full voice; a full compensation; a house full of furniture.
v. t.
To gather with the hand, or by drawing toward one; to pluck; as, to pull fruit; to pull flax; to pull a finch.
a.
Quite full; choke-full.
n.
A knob, handle, or lever, etc., by which anything is pulled; as, a drawer pull; a bell pull.
n.
A cully; a dupe; a gull. See Cully.
superl.
Not bright or clear to the eye; wanting in liveliness of color or luster; not vivid; obscure; dim; as, a dull fire or lamp; a dull red or yellow; a dull mirror.
v. i.
To become dull or stupid.
v. t.
To dispirit or deaden; to dull or blunt.
n.
A contest; a struggle; as, a wrestling pull.
a.
Full to the brim; quite full; chock-full.
Compar.
Not wanting in any essential quality; complete, entire; perfect; adequate; as, a full narrative; a person of full age; a full stop; a full face; the full moon.
v. t.
To move or operate by the motion of drawing towards one; as, to pull a bell; to pull an oar.
superl.
Furnishing little delight, spirit, or variety; uninteresting; tedious; cheerless; gloomy; melancholy; depressing; as, a dull story or sermon; a dull occupation or period; hence, cloudy; overcast; as, a dull day.