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Programming paradigm
A nondeterministic programming language is a language which can specify, at certain points in the program (called "choice points"), various alternatives
Nondeterministic_programming
Algorithm whose behavior and output may depend on the run
In computer science and computer programming, a nondeterministic algorithm is an algorithm that, even for the same input, can exhibit different behaviors
Nondeterministic_algorithm
Programming language with hardware abstraction
high-level programming language is a programming language with strong abstraction from the details of the computer. In contrast to low-level programming languages
High-level programming language
High-level_programming_language
Orc is a concurrent, nondeterministic computer programming language created by Jayadev Misra at the University of Texas at Austin. Orc provides uniform
Orc_(programming_language)
Programming language
Curry is a declarative programming language, an implementation of the functional logic programming paradigm, and based on the Haskell language. It merges
Curry_(programming_language)
Topics referred to by the same term
Nondeterministic programming Nondeterministic algorithm Nondeterministic model of computation Nondeterministic finite automaton Nondeterministic Turing machine
Nondeterminism
Type of finite-state machine in automata theory
symbol is required for each state transition. A nondeterministic finite automaton (NFA), or nondeterministic finite-state machine, does not need to obey these
Nondeterministic finite automaton
Nondeterministic_finite_automaton
Computer science textbook
teaches fundamental principles of computer programming, including recursion, abstraction, modularity, and programming language design and implementation. MIT
Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs
Structure_and_Interpretation_of_Computer_Programs
Probabilistic logic programming language
(2012). Constraints for probabilistic logic programming. Proceedings of the NIPS Probabilistic Programming Workshop. pp. 1–4. De Raedt, Luc; Kimmig, Angelika
ProbLog
Topics referred to by the same term
Discovery Protocol, a layer two Internet protocol, also called SONMP Nondeterministic programming, a type of computer language National Development Plan, in Ireland
NDP
High-level programming language first released in 1980
objects, and nondeterministic select statements), exception handling, and generics. Ada 95 added support for object-oriented programming, including dynamic
Ada_(programming_language)
Complexity class
problems to which solutions can be verified quickly. NP is short for "nondeterministic polynomial-time" and a problem is NP-complete when: It is a decision
NP-completeness
Logic programming paradigm
Concurrent Prolog. Concurrent constraint logic programming Logic programming Nondeterministic programming Clark, Keith Leonard; Gregory, Steve (1981). A
Concurrent_logic_programming
Given more time, a Turing machine can solve more problems
we have an infinite time hierarchy. The time hierarchy theorem for nondeterministic Turing machines was originally proven by Stephen Cook in 1972. It was
Time_hierarchy_theorem
both a family of LISP-like probabilistic programming languages for specifying arbitrary probabilistic programs, as well as a set of algorithms for performing
Church_(programming_language)
Broy, M. (5 March 1981). "On the algebraic specification of nondeterministic programming languages". Caap '81. Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Vol
Angelic_non-determinism
Unsolved problem in computer science
an answer can be verified in polynomial time is "NP", standing for "nondeterministic polynomial time". An answer to the P versus NP question would determine
P_versus_NP_problem
Executing several computations during overlapping time periods
problem Distributed system Elixir (programming language) Erlang (programming language) Flow-based programming Go (programming language) Gordon Pask International
Concurrent_computing
Topics referred to by the same term
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan Amb special form, a nondeterministic programming construct This disambiguation page lists articles associated
AMB
Relation between deterministic and nondeterministic space complexity
{\mathsf {DSPACE}}\left(f\left(n\right)^{2}\right).} In other words, if a nondeterministic Turing machine can solve a problem using f ( n ) {\displaystyle f(n)}
Savitch's_theorem
M.; Wirsing, M. (1981). "On the algebraic specification of nondeterministic programming languages". In Astesiano, E.; Böhm, C. (eds.). Caap '81. Lecture
Demonic_non-determinism
Model of concurrent computation
machines and push down stack machines, including their nondeterministic versions. Such nondeterministic automata have the property of bounded nondeterminism;
Actor_model
Programming language for programming reactive systems
A synchronous programming language is a computer programming language optimized for programming reactive systems. Computer systems can be sorted in three
Synchronous programming language
Synchronous_programming_language
Behavior in concurrent computing
nondeterministic program P, starting from a given state, will form a tree. The branching points will correspond to the choice points in the program.
Unbounded_nondeterminism
Programming paradigm based on formal automatons
Automata-based programming is a programming paradigm in which the program or part of it is thought of as a model of a finite-state machine (FSM) or any
Automata-based_programming
Overview of and topical guide to computer programming
computer programming: Computer programming – process that leads from an original formulation of a computing problem to executable computer programs. Programming
Outline of computer programming
Outline_of_computer_programming
Checking software against expectations
(2011). "Adaptive testing of deterministic implementations specified by nondeterministic FSMs". In Testing Software and Systems: 23rd IFIP WG 6.1 International
Software_testing
Functional programming construct
yields a powerful conditional programming construct. Pattern matching sometimes includes support for guards. Early programming languages with pattern matching
Pattern_matching
Concept in theoretical computer science
to find new busy beaver examples. Rather than traditional programming languages, the programs used in the game are Turing machines, one of the first mathematical
Busy_beaver
Problem in computer science
nothing compared to the time of a journey through such a cycle. For nondeterministic finite automata (restricted to finite memory), it is also decidable
Halting_problem
Study of abstract machines and automata
Scott, along with the computational equivalence of deterministic and nondeterministic finite automata. In the 1960s, a body of algebraic results known as
Automata_theory
Design pattern in functional programming to build generic types
In functional programming, monads are a way to structure computations as a sequence of steps, where each step produces a value, plus some extra information
Monad (functional programming)
Monad_(functional_programming)
American computer scientist (1943–2021)
scientist. He was best known for defining the complexity class NL (nondeterministic logarithmic space), and for Savitch's theorem, which defines a relationship
Walter_Savitch
Henderson's book for the explicit support of lazy evaluation and nondeterministic programming. atom – given an expression returns True if its value is atomic;
Lispkit_Lisp
Learning logic programs from data
Inductive logic programming (ILP) is a subfield of symbolic artificial intelligence which uses logic programming as a uniform representation for examples
Inductive_logic_programming
Sequence of characters that forms a search pattern
possible approach is the Thompson's construction algorithm to construct a nondeterministic finite automaton (NFA), which is then made deterministic and the resulting
Regular_expression
Primitive programming language created in 1964
P′′ and BF can be interpreted as (nondeterministic) bidirectional term-rewrite rules. For example, the BF program +> can be translated to P′′ in two
P′′
Type of algorithm in computer science
advantageous, in some cases, for a program to exhibit nondeterministic behavior. The behavior of a card shuffling program used in a game of blackjack, for
Deterministic_algorithm
Mathematical-logic system
foundation for programming language semantics, effectively using lambda calculus as a low-level programming language. Because several programming languages
Lambda_calculus
Category of formal programming language semantics
many return values for a single program, because the program could be nondeterministic, and even for a deterministic program there can be many computation
Operational_semantics
Type of random number generator
true random number generator (NPTRNG), also known as a non-physical nondeterministic random bit generator, is a generator of unpredictable random numbers
Non-physical true random number generator
Non-physical_true_random_number_generator
Branch of artificial intelligence
dimensions. Are the actions deterministic or non-deterministic? For nondeterministic actions, are the associated probabilities available? Are the state
Automated planning and scheduling
Automated_planning_and_scheduling
complements certifiably do not have O ( n k ) {\displaystyle O(n^{k})} -time nondeterministic recognition algorithms. It is generally believed that NP is unequal
Polynomial_creativity
Documentation defining a programming language
In computer programming, a programming language specification (or standard or definition) is a specification language or documentation[dubious – discuss]
Programming language specification
Programming_language_specification
Algorithm to transform a regular expression into a finite automaton
is a method of transforming a regular expression into an equivalent nondeterministic finite automaton (NFA). This NFA can be used to match strings against
Thompson's_construction
Theoretical model
constructs offered by a programming language. This implies that the algorithms to be executed must be expressed using programming language instructions
Abstract_machine
American computer scientist known for Unix (born 1943)
construction algorithm used for converting regular expressions into nondeterministic finite automata in order to make expression matching faster. Throughout
Ken_Thompson
List of unsolved computational problems
Schwartz–Zippel lemma for polynomial identity testing be derandomized? Does linear programming admit a strongly-polynomial time algorithm? (This is problem #9 in Smale's
List of unsolved problems in computer science
List_of_unsolved_problems_in_computer_science
American logician (born 1932)
theory of programming languages. He created domain theory, a branch of mathematics that provides a foundation for the theory of programming languages
Dana_Scott
Diagram of behavior of finite state systems
a deterministic finite automaton (DFA), nondeterministic finite automaton (NFA), generalized nondeterministic finite automaton (GNFA), or Moore machine
State_diagram
American annual computer science prize
Backus, J. (1978). "Can programming be liberated from the von Neumann style?: A functional style and its algebra of programs". Communications of the ACM
Turing_Award
Regular expression denial-of-service attack
building a finite-state automaton. Regex can be easily converted to nondeterministic automata (NFAs), in which, for each state and input symbol, there may
ReDoS
German computer scientist (born 1958)
January 1, 2021. Moreover, he focuses on programming language semantics, type systems and functional programming. In 2021, he won the Herbrand Award "in
Tobias_Nipkow
Formal model in concurrency theory
highly influential in the design of the occam programming language and also influenced the design of programming languages such as Limbo, RaftLib, Erlang,
Communicating sequential processes
Communicating_sequential_processes
Mathematical model of computation
given state. The powerset construction algorithm can transform any nondeterministic automaton into a (usually more complex) deterministic automaton with
Finite-state_machine
Revision of the C++ programming language planned for 2029
U> void foo(T x, U y); } Clarification of floating-point overflow Nondeterministic pointer provenance[further explanation needed] Atomic operations and
C++29
Library of modules (software)
handler is a POE::Session subclass called POE::NFA - an event-driven Nondeterministic finite automaton (a smarter finite state machine). This event handler
Perl_Object_Environment
When a system's behavior depends on timing of uncontrollable events
condition can be difficult to reproduce and debug because the result is nondeterministic and depends on the relative timing between interfering threads. Problems
Race_condition
Language defined by context-sensitive grammar
Computationally, a context-sensitive language is equivalent to a linear bounded nondeterministic Turing machine, also called a linear bounded automaton. That is a non-deterministic
Context-sensitive_language
Problem of determining if a Boolean formula could be made true
polynomial time Turing machine that accepts when there is exactly one nondeterministic accepting path and rejects otherwise. UNAMBIGUOUS-SAT is the name given
Boolean satisfiability problem
Boolean_satisfiability_problem
Validating the behavior of isolated source code
single function or module (in procedural programming) or a single method or class (in object-oriented programming), functions/methods and modules/classes
Unit_testing
Control flow operator in functional programming
languages via a few lines of code, e.g., McCarthy's amb operator for nondeterministic choice, Prolog-style backtracking, Simula 67-style coroutines and generalizations
Call-with-current-continuation
Call-with-current-continuation
Finite-state machine
email addresses are syntactically valid. DFAs have been generalized to nondeterministic finite automata (NFA) which may have several arrows of the same label
Deterministic finite automaton
Deterministic_finite_automaton
Turing machine that halts for any input
LOOP (programming language) BlooP Total functional programming Termination analysis Sipser 2013, pp. 170 (deterministic TM), 180 (nondeterministic TM).
Decider_(Turing_machine)
with deterministic destruction will be incompatible with those with nondeterministic destruction. Based on the constraints of the language there are many
Language_interoperability
Hierarchy of classes of formal grammars
languages that can be recognized by a linear bounded automaton (a nondeterministic Turing machine whose tape is bounded by a constant times the length
Chomsky_hierarchy
Algorithm in theoretical computer science
particular in formal language theory, Kleene's algorithm transforms a given nondeterministic finite automaton (NFA) into a regular expression. Together with other
Kleene's_algorithm
Subset of languages in formal theory
can be parsed much more efficiently than nondeterministic context-free languages. The complexity of the program and execution time of a deterministic pushdown
Deterministic context-free language
Deterministic_context-free_language
Complexity class
form "compute f(x)", where f is the number of accepting paths of a nondeterministic Turing machine running in polynomial time. Unlike most well-known complexity
♯P
Logical formulation of recursion
1145/800061.808765. ISBN 0897910990. S2CID 7503265. Immerman, Neil (1988). "Nondeterministic Space is Closed under Complementation". SIAM Journal on Computing.
Fixed-point_logic
Parsing related to computer science
that used to describe nondeterministic algorithms.) The deterministic behavior is desired and expected in compiling programming languages. In natural
Deterministic_parsing
extensions involve side effects, rendering MultiLisp nondeterministic. Along with its parallel-programming extensions, MultiLisp also had some unusual garbage
MultiLisp
List of concepts in artificial intelligence
notation. logic programming A type of programming paradigm which is largely based on formal logic. Any program written in a logic programming language is
Glossary of artificial intelligence
Glossary_of_artificial_intelligence
Measurement of computational complexity
are discussed, although theoretical computer science also considers nondeterministic algorithms and other advanced models of computation. Asymptotically
Asymptotic computational complexity
Asymptotic_computational_complexity
Computation model defining an abstract machine
A programming language that is Turing complete is theoretically capable of expressing all tasks accomplishable by computers; nearly all programming languages
Turing_machine
Type of a context-free grammar
ISBN 978-0-201-02988-8. Kernighan, Brian W.; Ritchie, Dennis M. (April 1988). The C Programming Language. Prentice Hall Software Series (2nd ed.). Englewood Cliffs/NJ:
LL_grammar
Rule system for formal languages
the right-hand side. Every regular grammar corresponds directly to a nondeterministic finite automaton, so we know that this is a regular language. Using
Context-free_grammar
Method by which work is assigned
queue (in main memory); that is, when an attempt is made to execute a program, its admission to the set of currently executing processes is either authorized
Scheduling_(computing)
Theoretical programming language for describing concurrent computations
control, and program statements run in a nondeterministic way until statements cease to cause changes during execution. This allows for programs to run indefinitely
UNITY_(programming_language)
Parser algorithm for languages
thoroughly and efficiently. Standard LR parsers cannot accommodate the nondeterministic and ambiguous nature of natural language, and the GLR algorithm can
GLR_parser
Educational software
simulate structures, such as programming a finite-state machine, and experiment with proofs, such as converting a nondeterministic finite automaton (NFA) to
JFLAP
Type of Turing machine
arbitrary number of (say) 1's at the end, just like comments work in a programming language. It should be no surprise that we can achieve this encoding
Universal_Turing_machine
Operation in algebra and mathematics
of lists into a single list. In functional programming, the list monad is used to model nondeterministic computations. The covariant powerset monad is
Monad_(category_theory)
Breadth of ideas which can be represented in a formal language
Chomsky hierarchy. It says, for instance, that regular expressions, nondeterministic finite automata and regular grammars have equal expressive power, while
Expressive power (computer science)
Expressive_power_(computer_science)
Boolean satisfiability is NP-complete and therefore that NP-complete problems exist
if P = NP). A decision problem is in NP if it can be decided by a nondeterministic Turing machine in polynomial time. An instance of the Boolean satisfiability
Cook–Levin_theorem
American science fiction/fantasy series (1995–2000)
are all set around the idea of a multiverse, where the outcomes of nondeterministic quantum processes result in the splitting of reality into multiple
Sliders_(TV_series)
Type of context-free grammar
example by the CYK algorithm. Unambiguous context-free grammars can be nondeterministic. For example, the language of even-length palindromes on the alphabet
Ambiguous_grammar
Concurrent constraint logic programming language
will be nondeterministic and unpredictable. Establishing confluence is usually done by way of the following three properties: A CHR program is locally
Constraint_Handling_Rules
solving linear programming problems with special structure Delayed column generation Integer linear programming: solve linear programming problems where
List_of_algorithms
Programming technique on linked lists
Algorithm X for the exact cover problem. Algorithm X is a recursive, nondeterministic, depth-first, backtracking algorithm that finds all solutions to the
Dancing_links
Formal grammar derived from a deterministic pushdown automaton
grammars are equivalent to nondeterministic pushdown automata. These grammars were thought to capture the syntax of computer programming languages. The first
Deterministic context-free grammar
Deterministic_context-free_grammar
Hypothetical computing devices
imperative "structured programming" language to be proved Turing-complete. Brainfuck (BF) is an — sc. not quite — esoteric programming language created in
Turing_machine_equivalents
Linear optical quantum computing implementation
first improvement to this implementation that will be discussed is the nondeterministic conditional sign flip gate. An important element of the KLM scheme
KLM_protocol
Algorithm trading more space for lower time
complexity theory Savitch's theorem – Relation between deterministic and nondeterministic space complexity Hellman, Martin (July 1980). "A Cryptanalytic Time-Memory
Space–time_tradeoff
automata Emptiness problem for a nondeterministic two-way finite state automaton Equivalence problem for nondeterministic finite automata Word problem and
List of PSPACE-complete problems
List_of_PSPACE-complete_problems
Form of computer memory management
collection can have a nondeterministic impact on execution time, by potentially introducing pauses into the execution of a program which are not correlated
Tracing_garbage_collection
Battlefield tactic to saturate defences
systems, but have no central planning, simple individual rules, and nondeterministic behavior that may or may not evolve with the situation. Current military
Swarming_(military)
Security-related instruction code processor extension
modern computer architectures. Many of these attacks measure slight, nondeterministic variations in the execution of code, so the attacker needs many measurements
Software_Guard_Extensions
Formal language concept
pushdown language. Nondeterministic visibly pushdown automata are as expressive as deterministic ones. Hence one can transform a nondeterministic visibly pushdown
Nested_word
Unsolved problem in computational complexity theory
isomorphism problem is no harder than determining whether a polynomial-time nondeterministic Turing machine has an even or odd number of accepting paths. GI is
Graph_isomorphism_problem
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