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The NONCODE database is a collection of expression and functional lncRNA data obtained from re-annotated microarray studies. lncRNA Bu, Dechao; Yu, Kuntao;
NONCODE
DNA that does not code for proteins
for a number of other noncoding RNAs but noncoding RNA genes are much more common in eukaryotes. Typical classes of noncoding genes in eukaryotes include
Non-coding_DNA
Non-protein coding transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides
inactivation. List of long non-coding RNA databases NONCODE Pinc Sphinx (gene) VIS1 ZNRD1-AS1 Noncoding RNA Activated by DNA Damage Fernandes JC, Acuña SM
Long_non-coding_RNA
Class of ribonucleic acid that is not translated into proteins
have been achieved through both experimental and bioinformatic methods. Noncoding RNAs belong to several groups and are involved in many cellular processes
Non-coding_RNA
DNA strand with the same base sequence as an mRNA transcript
one strand is the coding strand (or sense strand), and the other is the noncoding strand (also called the antisense strand, anticoding strand, template
Coding_strand
Field of study
sperm epigenome in male mice. In particular, expression patterns of small-noncoding RNAs (sncRNAs) are altered in the sperm, as well as in stress-related
Epigenetics of anxiety and stress–related disorders
Epigenetics_of_anxiety_and_stress–related_disorders
Gene found in humans
subsequent study identified HOTAIR has 32 nucleotides long conserved noncoding element (CNE) that has a paralogous copy in HOXD cluster region (located
HOTAIR
Type of long noncoding RNA
Noncoding RNA Activated by DNA Damage (NORAD) is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) that responds to DNA damage and plays a significant role in preserving
Noncoding RNA Activated by DNA Damage
Noncoding_RNA_Activated_by_DNA_Damage
American biologist
Vincent and Stella Coates Endowed Chair. He directs the Keck Center for Noncoding RNAs and the UCSF ViraCore facility. His research areas include RNA biology
Michael T. McManus (biologist)
Michael_T._McManus_(biologist)
All genetic material of an organism
complex eukaryotes. Noncoding sequences include introns, sequences for non-coding RNAs, regulatory regions, and repetitive DNA. Noncoding sequences make up
Genome
of long noncoding RNA databases, which provide information about lncRNAs. Rinn, J. L.; Chang, H. Y. (2012). "Genome Regulation by Long Noncoding RNAs".
List of long non-coding RNA databases
List_of_long_non-coding_RNA_databases
DNA sequence
A conserved non-coding sequence (CNS) is a DNA sequence of noncoding DNA that is evolutionarily conserved. Sequence conservation is a useful marker of
Conserved_non-coding_sequence
Domesticated subspecies of red junglefowl
genome is 3.2 Gb. The final gene set contained 26,640 genes (including noncoding genes and pseudogenes), with a total of 19,119 protein-coding genes, a
Chicken
Small nuclear RNA in the species Homo sapiens
RNA, U12 small nuclear is a noncoding RNA that in humans is encoded by the RNU12 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000276027 – Ensembl, May 2017
RNU12
Species of bacterium
Salmonella enterica (formerly Salmonella choleraesuis) is a rod-shaped, flagellate, facultative anaerobic, Gram-negative bacterium and a species of the
Salmonella_enterica
American geneticist
discovering the functions of a new class of epigenetic regulators known as long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), including Xist and Tsix. Jeannie T. Lee received an AB
Jeannie_T._Lee
Rare neurodegenerative disease
Mackenzie IR, Boeve BF, et al. Expanded GGGGCC Hexanucleotide Repeat in Noncoding Region of C9ORF72 Causes Chromosome 9p-Linked FTD and ALS. Neuron (Cambridge
ALS
life, freshness or market stalls. Noncoded iconic is another part of Barthes' theory of understanding images. Noncoded has nothing to do with the emotions
Semiotics_of_photography
Property of nucleic acid strands with respect to their translatability into protein
the noncoding (template/antisense) strand. Note1: Except for the fact that all thymines are now uracils (T → U), it is complementary to the noncoding (template/antisense)
Sense_(molecular_biology)
Species of great ape
protein-coding genes and 9,066 noncoding genes, although cDNA sequencing confirmed only 20,478 protein-coding and 36,880 noncoding bonobo genes, similar to
Bonobo
Negative regulation (or limiting) of body weight and cell proliferation
H19 is a gene for a long noncoding RNA, found in humans and elsewhere. H19 has a role in the negative regulation (or limiting) of body weight and cell
H19_(gene)
Species of bacteria, cause of plague
were designed to model flea and mammal hosts. Numerous bacterial small noncoding RNAs have been identified to play regulatory functions. Some can regulate
Yersinia_pestis
Concept in biology
evolution. De novo gene birth is very rare. The most probable path from noncoding DNA to a protein-coding gene is to first become a protogene, similar to
Evolutionary_tinkering
DNA sequences with no known biological function
Close to 99 percent of our genome has been historically classified as noncoding, useless "junk" DNA. Consequently, these sequences were rarely studied
Junk_DNA
Species of bacterium
SCO4676-associated transcripts. Targets of two of S. albidoflavus noncoding RNAs have been identified. Noncoding RNA of Glutamine Synthetase I was shown to modulate
Streptomyces_albidoflavus
Resistance to parasites, by targeting their DNA Bacteria and archaea Long noncoding RNA lncRNA Regulation of gene transcription, epigenetic regulation Eukaryotes
List_of_RNAs
Segment of chromosome 20 in humans
Zuccato C, Cattaneo E, Stanton LW (2010). "The Human Accelerated Region 1 noncoding RNA is repressed by REST in Huntington's disease". Physiol Genomics. 41
Human_accelerated_region_1
Group of disorders
1177/107327481402100405. PMID 25310210. Skalsky RL, Cullen BR (2015). "EBV Noncoding RNAs". Epstein Barr Virus Volume 2. Current Topics in Microbiology and
Epstein–Barr virus–associated lymphoproliferative diseases
Epstein–Barr_virus–associated_lymphoproliferative_diseases
Cellular mechanism
ends, called telomeres. The telomeres are long regions of repetitive noncoding DNA that cap chromosomes and undergo partial degradation each time a cell
DNA_repair
that noncoding segments in an individual's genome are correlated with specific allelic sequences found adjacent to, or remote from, the noncoding sequences
Patentable subject matter in the United States
Patentable_subject_matter_in_the_United_States
Family of viruses
poly-A tail is processed as a host mRNA. The RNA genome also has terminal noncoding regions, which are important in replication, and internal regions that
Retrovirus
Non-coding RNA in the species Homo sapiens
TCL1 upstream neural differentiation-associated RNA is a long noncoding RNA that in humans is produced from the TUNAR gene. "Human PubMed Reference:"
TUNAR
Cats with genetic anomaly that causes extra toes
usual number of toes on one or more of its paws. A point mutation in the noncoding region of the ZRS regulatory sequence causes abnormal SHH expression during
Polydactyl_cat
Family of large biological molecules
translation. Next to be linked to regulation were Xist and other long noncoding RNAs associated with X chromosome inactivation. Their roles, at first
RNA
Complex of DNA and protein in eukaryotic cells
PMC 6312108. PMID 30367165. Portoso M, Cavalli G (2008). "The Role of RNAi and Noncoding RNAs in Polycomb Mediated Control of Gene Expression and Genomic Programming"
Chromatin
Non-coding RNA in the species Homo sapiens
"Topological organization of multichromosomal regions by the long intergenic noncoding RNA Firre". Nature Structural & Molecular Biology. 21 (2): 198–206. doi:10
Firre
Selective breeding of plants and animals to serve humans
infestans. In coconut, genomic analysis of 10 microsatellite loci (of noncoding DNA) found two episodes of domestication based on differences between
Domestication
Non-coding RNA in the species Homo sapiens
MAPT antisense RNA 1 is a noncoding RNA that in humans is encoded by the MAPT-AS1 gene. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information
MAPT-AS1
Use of non-coding RNA to treat disease
the size of the ncRNA. Small noncoding RNA is usually categorized as being under 200 bp in length, whereas long noncoding RNA is greater than 200bp. In
NcRNA_therapy
Family of regulator genes
in clinical trials. MYC expression is controlled by a wide variety of noncoding RNAs, including miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA. Some of these RNAs have been
Myc
NAMA (noncoding RNA associated with MAP kinase pathway and growth arrest) is a long non-coding RNA gene. It is induced by cell growth arrest, apoptosis
NAMA_(gene)
Generalized neurodevelopmental disorder
(2021). "Non-Syndromic Intellectual Disability and Its Pathways: A Long Noncoding RNA Perspective". Non-Coding RNA. 7 (1): 22. doi:10.3390/ncrna7010022
Intellectual_disability
Medical condition
panels because the genetic mutation that causes CANVAS is found in the noncoding regions of DNA. CANVAS generally progresses slowly. As symptoms progress
Cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy, vestibular areflexia syndrome
Cerebellar_ataxia,_neuropathy,_vestibular_areflexia_syndrome
Family of viruses
19 kilobases in length, and contains six to 10 genes. Extracistronic (noncoding) regions include: A 3' leader sequence, 50 nucleotides in length, which
Paramyxoviridae
Field of study
not clear which genes or proteins are responsible for this interaction. Noncoding RNAs also play a role in chronic pain. They include long ncRNAs, circular
Epigenetics_of_chronic_pain
Genus of plants
"Phylogenetic relationships and biogeography of Fuchsia (Onagraceae) based on noncoding nuclear and chloroplast DNA data". American Journal of Botany. 91 (4):
Fuchsia
Nucleic acid motif in molecular biology
PMC 318541. PMID 6694911. Kozak M (October 1987). "An analysis of 5'-noncoding sequences from 699 vertebrate messenger RNAs". Nucleic Acids Res. 15 (20):
Kozak_consensus_sequence
Mechanism of evolution by differential reproduction
were considered neutral or close to neutral because they occurred in noncoding DNA or resulted in a synonymous substitution. However, many mutations
Natural_selection
Long non-coding RNA
suggested that this gene may play a role in prostate carcinogenesis. Long noncoding RNA Lin B, White JT, Ferguson C, Bumgarner R, Friedman C, Trask B, et al
PART1
Division of plants containing three genera of gymnosperms
Bobrova, V.; Pahnke, J.; Troitsky, A.; Antonov, A.; Martin, W. (1996). "Noncoding sequences from the slowly evolving chloroplast inverted repeat in addition
Gnetophyta
Difference in DNA among individuals or populations
of DNA has shown genetic variation in both coding regions and in the noncoding intron region of genes.[citation needed] Genetic variation will result
Genetic_variation
Largest structure in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells
RelA, HAND1 and hTERT, among many others. It is now known that long noncoding RNAs originating from intergenic regions of the nucleolus are responsible
Nucleolus
Part of a gene that is spliced away
located in both protein-coding genes and genes that function as RNA (noncoding genes). There are four main types of introns: tRNA introns, group I introns
Intron
Discipline in genetics
because of their small and compact genomes, which contain very little noncoding DNA compared to most species. The mammals dog (Canis familiaris), brown
Genomics
Region of a transcribed gene present in the final functional mRNA molecule
Laurent, B (August 2021). "Exploring the Alternative Splicing of Long Noncoding RNAs". Trends in Genetics. 37 (8): 695–698. doi:10.1016/j.tig.2021.03
Exon
Alexander van; Regev, Aviv (2009-07-14). "Many human large intergenic noncoding RNAs associate with chromatin-modifying complexes and affect gene expression"
RNA_immunoprecipitation_chip
American physician-scientist (born 1972)
in Molecular Biology for "discoveries of long noncoding RNAs and technologies unveiling the noncoding genome." 2018 - Investigator, Howard Hughes Medical
Howard_Y._Chang
Sequences of noncoding DNA
Recombination signal sequences are conserved sequences of noncoding DNA that are recognized by the RAG1/RAG2 enzyme complex during V(D)J recombination
Recombination signal sequences
Recombination_signal_sequences
Group of cytokines
multilineage-colony-stimulating factor cDNA clone identified by a conserved noncoding sequence in mouse interleukin-3". Gene. 55 (1): 115–24. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(87)90254-X
Interleukin
Species of fish
coding proteins, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and a noncoding control region. Huckstorf, V. (2012). "Metzia formosae". IUCN Red List
Metzia_formosae
RNA family
Klein RJ; Jones TA; Eddy SR (2001). "Computational identification of noncoding RNAs in E. coli by comparative genomics". Curr Biol. 11 (17): 1369–1373
GlmY_RNA
Concept in genetics
diversity, and negative correlation between gene density and diversity at noncoding DNA regions. Stochasticity associated with linkage to other genes that
Genetic_drift
Species of flowering plant
"Phylogenetic relationships and biogeography of Fuchsia (Onagraceae) based on noncoding nuclear and chloroplast DNA data". American Journal of Botany. 91 (4):
Fuchsia_jimenezii
Multiprotein and heterotrimeric complex
activities. In this way, TRAMP plays a critical role in ridding the cell of noncoding transcripts generated through pervasive RNA polymerase II transcription
TRAMP_complex
Genetic testing technique
Johnson BH, Kang GY, et al. (June 2011). "Precursor miR-886, a novel noncoding RNA repressed in cancer, associates with PKR and modulates its activity"
Fluorescence in situ hybridization
Fluorescence_in_situ_hybridization
American biochemist
2016). "Breaker 'vastly expanded our appreciation of the versatility of noncoding RNAs in biology'". www.asbmb.org. ASBMB. ASBMB. Stone, Melissa (25 February
Ronald_Breaker
Cell compartment found in the nucleus's interchromatin space
Akizuki G, Kumakura M, Kawaguchi A, Nagata K, et al. (February 2014). "Long noncoding RNA NEAT1-dependent SFPQ relocation from promoter region to paraspeckle
Paraspeckle
Method to detect power-law scaling in time series
Buldyrev; et al. (1995). "Long-Range Correlation-Properties of Coding And Noncoding Dna-Sequences- Genbank Analysis". Phys. Rev. E. 51 (5): 5084–5091. Bibcode:1995PhRvE
Detrended fluctuation analysis
Detrended_fluctuation_analysis
Gene that lightens the coat colour of certain animals
C. Drogemuller, U. Philipp, B. Haase, A. R. Gunzel-Apel, T. Leeb: A noncoding melanophilin gene (MLPH) SNP at the splice donor of exon 1 represents
Dilution_gene
Protein-coding gene found in Drosophila melanogaster
Schweisguth F, Hirose S, et al. (December 2006). "Transcription of bxd noncoding RNAs promoted by trithorax represses Ubx in cis by transcriptional interference"
Ultrabithorax
Hypertension occurring during pregnancy
contribute to the development of pre-eclampsia. Micro RNAs, or miRNAs, are noncoding mRNAs that downregulate posttranscriptional gene expression through RNA-induced
Pre-eclampsia
Arrangement of hereditary material
number (see the figure on the right). However, the ratio of coding to noncoding and repetitive sequences is indicative of the complexity of the genome:
Genomic_organization
Genes and regulatory proteins
stem from their involvement in translation control as Piwi and the small noncoding RNA, piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA), have been known to co-fractionate polysomes
Piwi
Sections of the genome experiencing minimal changes across species
only reliably aligning to 1.8% of the fugu genome. Despite often being noncoding DNA, some ultraconserved elements have been found to be transcriptionally
Ultraconserved_element
Will S, Reiche K, Hofacker IL, Stadler PF, Backofen R (2007). "Inferring Noncoding RNA Families and Classes by Means of Genome-Scale Structure-Based Clustering"
Αr35_RNA
Induction of a plant's flowering process
(2011). "Vernalization-Mediated Epigenetic Silencing by a Long Intronic Noncoding RNA". Science. 331 (6013): 76–9. Bibcode:2011Sci...331...76H. doi:10.1126/science
Vernalization
Cancer of the lymphatic system
vIL-10 gene, BZLF1, and LMP1. Recent studies have also shown that the EBV noncoding RNA EBER2 can increase Burkitt lymphoma cell growth by upregulating UCHL1
Burkitt_lymphoma
Region on a tRNA molecule
has been identified as a ubiquitous structural element in a number of noncoding RNAs. At least one other instance of the T-loop, found in rRNA, also carries
T_arm
Sex chromosome in the XY sex-determination system
conversion. In the case of the Y chromosomes, the palindromes are not noncoding DNA; these strings of nucleotides contain functioning genes important
Y_chromosome
importance of genes related to key neurotransmitter systems, regulatory and noncoding regions were not taken into consideration. Family and twins studies may
Genomics of personality traits
Genomics_of_personality_traits
Genus of flowering plants
"Phylogenetic Relationships of Capsicum (Solanaceae) Using DNA Sequences from Two Noncoding Regions: The Chloroplast atpB-rbcL Spacer Region and Nuclear waxy Introns"
Capsicum
eukaryotic taxa. There is a positive correlation between genome size and noncoding DNA genome content with each group staying within some variation. When
Evolution of biological complexity
Evolution_of_biological_complexity
American charitable foundation
College, Pitzer College, and Scripps College. The W.M. Keck Center for Noncoding RNA University of California, San Francisco The Keck Hall and the W.M
W._M._Keck_Foundation
Nimwegen E (January 2008). "Universal patterns of purifying selection at noncoding positions in bacteria". Genome Research. 18 (1): 148–60. doi:10.1101/gr
Streamlining_theory
RNA family
Landt SG, Lesley JA, Britos L, Shapiro L (September 2010). "CrfA, a Small Noncoding RNA Regulator of Adaptation to Carbon Starvation in Caulobacter crescentus"
CrfA_RNA
Interim Director of the Friedman Brain Institute
III, Georges; Kenny, Paul J; Wahlestedt, Claes (2008). "Expression of a noncoding RNA is elevated in Alzheimer's disease and drives rapid feed-forward regulation
Paul_J._Kenny
Spector DL (November 2008). "3' end processing of a long nuclear-retained noncoding RNA yields a tRNA-like cytoplasmic RNA". Cell. 135 (5): 919–32. doi:10
David_L._Spector
Single stranded RNA
have been focusing on strand-specific transcription, chromatin binding noncoding RNAs and single cell studies. The idea of asRNAs as drug targets started
Antisense_RNA
Macromolecular complex containing protein and RNA molecules
of RNAs that are not translated into protein, called large intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs). p53 suppression of genes is often carried out by a number
Heterogeneous ribonucleoprotein particle
Heterogeneous_ribonucleoprotein_particle
Vision loss due to damage to the macula of the eye
et al. (September 2006). "Common variation in three genes, including a noncoding variant in CFH, strongly influences risk of age-related macular degeneration"
Macular_degeneration
RNA family
of the pathogenicity of Staphylococcus aureus strain Newman by a small noncoding RNA SprX1". Medical Microbiology and Immunology. 205 (6): 563–574. doi:10
SprX_small_RNA
Sequence of DNA that determines traits in an organism
that specified functional RNA molecules such as ribosomal RNA and tRNA (noncoding genes) as well as protein-coding genes. This idea of two kinds of genes
Gene
Biological process of gene regulation
"Translational repression is sufficient for gene silencing by bacterial small noncoding RNAs in the absence of mRNA destruction". Proceedings of the National
RNA_interference
Sequencing all the DNA of an individual at once
approximately 3,200 megabases, this translates into about 74 mutations (mostly in noncoding regions) in germline DNA per generation, but 3,776-5,312 somatic mutations
Whole_genome_sequencing
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
2017). "Primary familial brain calcification linked to deletion of 5' noncoding region of SLC20A2". Acta Neurologica Scandinavica. 136 (1): 59–63. doi:10
SMIM19
RNA family
PMC 1557403. PMID 16768793. Jin Y, Watt RM, Danchin A, Huang JD (2009). "Small noncoding RNA GcvB is a novel regulator of acid resistance in Escherichia coli"
GcvB_RNA
Explanation of the flow of genetic information within a biological system
PMC 3505008. PMID 23189060. Robinson VL (2009). "Rethinking the central dogma: noncoding RNAs are biologically relevant". Urologic Oncology. 27 (3): 304–6. doi:10
Central dogma of molecular biology
Central_dogma_of_molecular_biology
Genus of flowering plants constituting the family Platanaceae
Sorting and evolutionary history of three different noncoding nuclear loci contributing to the gene pool of modern-day species of Platanus (after)
Platanus
American academic
biochemistry and crystallography. such as self-splicing introns and other noncoding RNAs. She has focused her research to understand how large RNAs assemble
Anna_Marie_Pyle
Protein-coding gene in humans
determined from its structure. This helicase is then regulated by long noncoding RNA and its ability to dismantle DNA triplexes known. It works best in
DDX11
NONCODE
NONCODE
NONCODE
NONCODE
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Harvell.
Girl/Female
Muslim/Islamic
Falcon
Boy/Male
Hindu
Lord Murugan
Surname or Lastname
English
English : occupational name for a jailer or someone employed at a keep or castle, Middle English kepe.Americanized spelling of German Kiep, from a short form of the old personal name Gebolf, from a Germanic personal name composed of the elements geb ‘gift’ + wolf ‘wolf’. Compare Gebhardt.
Girl/Female
Biblical
A bush, enmity.
Girl/Female
African, Arabic, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Muslim, Sindhi, Swahili, Tamil, Telugu
Strong; Beautiful; Pleasant; Charming; Princess of Malawa
Boy/Male
Tamil
Water and earth born
Boy/Male
Scandinavian
Girl/Female
English
Beaver stream, from the beaver meadow. Derived from a surname and place name. Although Beverley...
Girl/Female
Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Punjabi, Sikh, Telugu
Goddess Saraswati
NONCODE
NONCODE
NONCODE
NONCODE
NONCODE