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Connection formed between neurons that allows neurotransmission
In neuroanatomy, a neural pathway is the connection formed by axons that project from neurons to make synapses onto neurons in another location, to enable
Neural_pathway
Eye reflex which alters the pupil's size in response to light intensity
Referring to the neural pathway schematic diagram, the entire pupillary light reflex system can be visualized as having eight neural segments, numbered
Pupillary_light_reflex
Neural pathway which controls a reflex
A reflex arc is a neural pathway that controls a reflex. In vertebrates, most sensory neurons synapse in the spinal cord and the signal then travels through
Reflex_arc
Endocrine gland in the brain of most vertebrates
cyclase-activating peptide neuropeptide signaling project the gland. The canonical neural pathway regulating pineal melatonin production begins in the eye with the intrinsically
Pineal_gland
Neural pathway that executes voluntary movements
The direct pathway, sometimes known as the direct pathway of movement, is a neural pathway within the central nervous system (CNS) through the basal ganglia
Direct_pathway
Network or circuit of neurons
science Neural coding Neural engineering Neural oscillation Pulse-coupled networks Systems neuroscience Connectomics Nerve tract Neural pathway Nerve plexus
Neural_circuit
Part of an animal that coordinates actions and senses
otherwise modulated. The connections between neurons can form neural pathways, neural circuits, and larger networks that generate an organism's perception
Nervous_system
Topics referred to by the same term
group of interacting genes Metabolic pathway, a series of cellular chemical reactions Neural pathway Signalling pathway or signal transduction, a series of
Pathway
Speed at which an electrochemical impulse propagates down a neural pathway
is the speed at which an electrochemical impulse propagates down a neural pathway. Conduction velocities are affected by a wide array of factors, which
Nerve_conduction_velocity
Cell cycle regulation pathway
therapies. Additionally, this pathway has been found to be a necessary component in neural long term potentiation. Neural stem cells (NSCs) in the brain
PI3K/AKT/mTOR_pathway
Ability to perceive vibration
be used to identify disorders within the neural pathways. Because there are few areas in the neural pathway where the sensation and perception of vibration
Pallesthesia
(model cell, see below). A neural mapping connects two cortical neural maps. Neural mappings (in contrast to neural pathways) store training information
Neurocomputational speech processing
Neurocomputational_speech_processing
result in the need for neural machinery that is extremely sensitive to a very wide range of frequencies, and more complicated neural computations. These
Doppler_shift_compensation
Automatic, involuntary response to a stimulus
nervous system. A reflex occurs via neural pathways in the nervous system called reflex arcs. A stimulus initiates a neural signal, which is carried to a synapse
Reflex
Finnish audio equipment manufacturer
"Expanding neural pathways: Neural DSP and their Quad Cortex". mixdownmag.com. Mixdown Magazine. Retrieved 4 July 2024. Vinnicombe, Chris. "Neural DSP Quad
Neural_DSP
Sensory system that receives and integrates information from the body
brain via a diversity of neural pathways, in particular from the lamina I of the spinal cord along the spinothalamic pathway and through the projections
Interoception
Medical condition
persons, normal swallowed air travels back up to the esophagus. The neural pathway mediating belching directs opening of the upper esophageal sphincter
Retrograde cricopharyngeus dysfunction
Retrograde_cricopharyngeus_dysfunction
Part of the brainstem in humans and other bipeds
pons contains neural pathways and nerve tracts that conduct signals from the brain down to the cerebellum and medulla, as well as pathways that carry the
Pons
Mesocortical pathway Mesolimbic pathway Nigrostriatal pathway Tuberoinfundibular pathway Serotonergic pathways Raphe Nuclei Norepinephrine Pathways Locus coeruleus
List of regions in the human brain
List_of_regions_in_the_human_brain
Reflex
vagus nerve (CN X) to the medulla of the brain. This is the afferent neural pathway. Unlike other areas responsible for involuntary actions like swallowing
Cough_reflex
Central organ of the human nervous system
neurotransmitters in response to nerve impulses. Neurons connect to form neural pathways, neural circuits, and elaborate network systems. The whole circuitry is
Human_brain
Nerve system for sensing touch, temperature, body position, and pain
enter the brain via cranial nerves such as the trigeminal nerve. The neural pathways that go to the brain are structured such that information about the
Somatosensory_system
Reflex movement in brain-dead or brainstem failure patients
the Lazarus sign is an example of a reflex mediated by a reflex arc—a neural pathway which passes via the spinal column but not through the brain. As a consequence
Lazarus_sign
Disorder affecting learning arithmetic
and retrieval from long-term memory. These processes share a common neural pathway in the left angular gyrus, which has been shown to be selective in arithmetic
Dyscalculia
Bundle of nerve fibers (axons) connecting nuclei of the central nervous system
nerve tract may also be referred to as a commissure, decussation, or neural pathway. A commissure connects the two cerebral hemispheres at the same levels
Nerve_tract
Therapy to regain or improve neurocognitive function that has been lost or diminished
function typically involves methods for retraining neural pathways or training new neural pathways to regain or improve neurocognitive functioning that
Rehabilitation (neuropsychology)
Rehabilitation_(neuropsychology)
Brain pathway
tubercle. It is one of the component pathways of the medial forebrain bundle, which is a set of neural pathways that mediate brain stimulation reward
Mesolimbic_pathway
test their own animals for the presence of the menace response. The neural pathway of the menace response comprises the optic (II) and facial (VII) nerves
Menace_response
Neurons in the brain that carry signals to lower motor neurons
neural pathways through the central nervous system (CNS): Any upper motor neuron lesion, also known as pyramidal insufficiency, occurs in the neural pathway
Upper_motor_neuron
Gyrus of the temporal and occipital lobes of the brain
fusiform gyrus is not fully understood, it has been linked with various neural pathways related to recognition. Additionally, it has been linked to various
Fusiform_gyrus
Overactive bodily reflexes
loss of control ordinarily exerted by higher brain centers of lower neural pathways. It is the opposite of hyporeflexia. Spinal cord injury is the most
Hyperreflexia
Speech comprehension region in the dominant hemisphere of the hominid brain
to language changes across childhood. Research on the maturation of neural pathways linked to this region indicates that it supports the growing sophistication
Wernicke's_area
Medical condition
pyramidal insufficiency) Is an injury or abnormality that occurs in the neural pathway above the anterior horn cell of the spinal cord or motor nuclei of the
Upper_motor_neuron_lesion
Group of dopamine neurons that project from arcuate nucleus in hypothalamus
Mesocortical pathway Mesolimbic pathway Nigrostriatal pathway Antipsychotic Dopamine Malenka RC, Nestler EJ, Hyman SE (2009). "Chapter 10: Neural and Neuroendocrine
Tuberoinfundibular_pathway
Complex group of fibers in the brain
The medial forebrain bundle (MFB) is a neural pathway containing fibers from the basal olfactory regions, the periamygdaloid region and the septal nuclei
Medial_forebrain_bundle
Routine of behavior that is repeated regularly and tends to occur subconsciously
because the behavioural patterns that humans repeat become imprinted in neural pathways, but it is possible to form new habits through repetition. When behaviors
Habit
Perception of sound without auditory stimulus
speech misrepresentations. It is assumed through research that the neural pathways involved in normal speech perception and production, which are lateralized
Auditory_hallucination
including elevation of body temperature, are driven by a descending neural pathway from the DMH to sympathetic premotor neurons in the rostral raphe pallidus
Dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus
Dorsomedial_hypothalamic_nucleus
Model of the neural processing of vision and hearing
The two-streams hypothesis is a model of the neural processing of vision as well as hearing. The hypothesis, given its initial characterisation in papers
Two-streams_hypothesis
Topics referred to by the same term
velocity, the speed at which an electrochemical impulse propagates down a neural pathway Cultivated variety or cultivar, once commonly abbreviated cv., now officially
CV
these mechanisms, neural pathways that are more consistently used are strengthened, making them more efficient, while those pathways that are unused become
Perceptual_narrowing
Neural pathways
Frontostriatal circuits are neural pathways that connect frontal lobe regions with the striatum and mediate motor, cognitive, and behavioural functions
Frontostriatal_circuit
Cognitive functions linked to specific neural systems
systems—particular cortical and subcortical regions, neural pathways, and large-scale networks—such that disruption of those neural substrates produces characteristic patterns
Neurocognition
Ability to sense changes in environmental moisture and humidity
In a study conducted upon nematodes, both thermal and mechanical neural pathways are required in order for a specimen to react to humidity. This supports
Hygroreception
Sensory system that facilitates body balance
linear accelerations. The vestibular system sends signals primarily to the neural structures that control eye movement; these provide the anatomical basis
Vestibular_system
Neural pathway loops of the brain
Thalamo-cortico-thalamic circuits consist of looped neural pathways that connect the thalamus to the cerebral cortex, and connect the cerebral cortex
Thalamo-cortico-thalamic circuits
Thalamo-cortico-thalamic_circuits
Gait abnormality
polyneuropathy. This disorder causes loss of function of the motor and sensory neural pathways. In this case, foot drop could be the result of paralysis due to neurological
Foot_drop
Brainwaves, repetitive patterns of neural activity in the central nervous system
Neural oscillations, or brainwaves, are rhythmic or repetitive patterns of neural activity in the central nervous system. Neural tissue can generate oscillatory
Neural_oscillation
Clarity of vision
Neural factors include the health and functioning of the retina, of the neural pathways to the brain, and of the interpretative faculty of the brain. The most
Visual_acuity
Ability to learn vocalization
evolution: All three avian groups evolved vocal learning and similar neural pathways independently (not through a common ancestor). This suggests that there
Vocal_learning
Synchronisation of oestrus by male pheromones
Whitten effects) in humans. These differences, in putative stimulus and neural pathway (as well as species observed), stringently distinguishes the Whitten
Whitten_effect
American neuroanatomist
neuroanatomist, most famous for his 1937 description of the Papez circuit, a neural pathway in the brain thought to be involved in the cortical control of emotion
James_Papez
Subdiscipline of neuroscience and systems biology
together to form neural pathways, neural circuits, and larger brain networks. At this level of analysis, neuroscientists study how different neural circuits work
Systems_neuroscience
Rare neurodegenerative disease
are often critical in ensuring appropriate conditions for neuronal/neural pathway development. SOD1, a subspecies within the main SOD gene family, is
ALS
Distress in human infants
transforming its connections and central nerve pathways in response to stimuli. The ongoing process of neural pathway development, involving both structural and
Pain_in_babies
electrical signals, and transmits these signals to the brain through neural pathways that connect the eye via the optic nerve to the visual cortex and other
Eye
Neuroimaging technique
usually red in color with a frequency of about 4 Hz to stimulate the neural pathway between the retina and the visual cortex. The objective is to improve
Intermittent photic stimulation
Intermittent_photic_stimulation
Condition of the human brain
and the hippocampal commissure. Studies of the effects on the visual pathway on split-brained patients has revealed that there is a redundancy gain
Split-brain
Structure connecting neurons in the nervous system
the receptor's signaling mechanisms. The strength of two connected neural pathways is thought to result in the storage of information, resulting in memory
Synapse
Regarding the activities required to achieve a desired goal
associated executive traits such as working memory. Disruption of the neural pathways, via various mechanisms such as traumatic brain injury, or the effects
Planning
Variation in the time intervals between heartbeats
respiratory sinus arrhythmia and its transmission by a hypothesized neural pathway distinct from other components of HRV. There is anatomic and physiological
Heart_rate_variability
Neural circuit
circuit is 350 millimeters. The Papez circuit goes through the following neural pathways: Hippocampal formation (subiculum) → fornix → mammillary bodies → mammillothalamic
Papez_circuit
Part of the nervous system
consists of sensory neurons (including the sensory receptor cells), neural pathways, and parts of the brain involved in sensory perception and interoception
Sensory_nervous_system
Each side of the forebrain represents the opposite side of the body
function Mora, Carla; Velásquez, Carlos; Martino, Juan (2019-09-01). "The neural pathway midline crossing theory: a historical analysis of Santiago Rámon y Cajal's
Contralateral_brain
Cranial nerve XII, for the tongue
tongue and moving it from side to side. Damage to the nerve or the neural pathways which control it can affect the ability of the tongue to move and its
Hypoglossal_nerve
Disorder of motivation, curiosity and affect
theory proposes the existence of a distinct "hormothymic" system, a neural pathway governing mood and interest, with athymhormia representing a disorder
Athymhormia
Overview of and topical guide to the human brain
oblongata Midbrain Pons Significant components: Arcuate fasciculus – neural pathway connecting the junction between the temporal and parietal lobes with
Outline_of_the_human_brain
Neurological executive function
associated executive traits such as working memory. Disruption of the neural pathways, via various mechanisms such as traumatic brain injury, or the effects
Planning_(cognitive)
Accelerating change proposed by Ray Kurzweil
and by 2029 he predicts computers will communicate through direct neural pathways. Similarly in 2009 he says there is interest and speculation about
The Law of Accelerating Returns
The_Law_of_Accelerating_Returns
Chemical compound
γ-MSH effects are measured through the effects it has on the central neural pathway dispersed throughout the kidney. It is not moderated based on tubular
Γ-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
Γ-Melanocyte-stimulating_hormone
Any social behaviour related to fighting
demonstrated in resident hamsters in the presence of an intruder. This neural pathway that enhances aggression is subdued by the presence of serotonin. It
Agonistic_behaviour
Outer germ layer of embryonic development
ectoderm becomes the epidermis, the neuroectoderm is induced along the neural pathway by the notochord, which is typically positioned above it. During the
Ectoderm
Pluripotent embryonic cell group giving rise to diverse cell lineages
of BMP, Wnt, and Fgf pathways on neural crest specifier expression remains incomplete. Signaling events that establish the neural plate border lead to
Neural_crest
Class of chemical compounds
source as well as the point of termination of neural connections and therefore to study neural pathways. BDA is delivered into the nervous system by iontophoretic
Biotinylated_dextran_amine
Projection neurons in the brain that synthesize and release dopamine
pathways are the mesolimbic pathway, the mesocortical pathway, the nigrostriatal pathway, and the tuberoinfundibular pathway. The mesolimbic pathway and
Dopaminergic_pathways
Ability of the brain to continuously change
range from individual neuron pathways making new connections, to systematic adjustments like cortical remapping or neural oscillation. Other forms of neuroplasticity
Neuroplasticity
Class of artificial neural network
In artificial neural networks, recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are designed for processing sequential data, such as text, speech, and time series, where
Recurrent_neural_network
Fear of the sea or large open water
study in 2013 found that CBT has a positive effect in changing the neural pathways and activation of the brain on patients with phobias, resulting in
Thalassophobia
Neural activity synching to external stimuli
Brainwave entrainment, also referred to as brainwave synchronization or neural entrainment, refers to the observation that brainwaves (large-scale electrical
Brainwave_entrainment
Mental connection between ideas or mental states
modern psychology in such areas as memory, learning, and the study of neural pathways. Associative learning is when a subject creates a relationship between
Association_(psychology)
Atypical multiple sclerosis lesions
of the same neural pathways results in nerve fiber fatigue that could cause neurological symptoms. Such repeated usage of neural pathways include continuous
Tumefactive multiple sclerosis
Tumefactive_multiple_sclerosis
Type of neuron with a very small cell body
PMID 22252133. Eccles JC, Ito M, Szentagothai J (1967). The cerebellum as a neural machine. Springer-Verlag. p. 56. doi:10.1007/978-3-662-13147-3. ISBN 978-3-662-13149-7
Granule_cell
Network of nerve fibres
Cranial nerve Spinal nerve List of anatomy mnemonics Nerve tract Neural pathway Neural circuit Henry Gray: Anatomy of the human body (Bartleby.com; Great
Nerve_plexus
Topics referred to by the same term
product of an immediate early gene, also called Arg3.1 Reflex arc, a neural pathway that controls a reflex Circumhorizontal arc, an optical phenomenon Circumzenithal
Arc
Topics referred to by the same term
Forward Bloc, a political party in India Medial forebrain bundle, a neural pathway containing fibers Metropolitan Fire Brigade (Melbourne), a fire service
MFB
Group of neural structures responsible for motivation and desire
of the reward system via glutamate pathways. The medial forebrain bundle, which is a set of many neural pathways that mediate brain stimulation reward
Reward_system
Body parts responsible for vision
increasing complexity of neural representation may come a level of specialization of processing into two distinct pathways: the dorsal stream and the
Visual_system
Honey bee pheromone
sends a signal to the brain's primary olfactory centres. The specific neural pathway by which 9ODA causes behavioral changes is not yet developed in bees
Queen_mandibular_pheromone
Scientific theory in vertebrate development
S2CID 11646580. Mora, Carla; Velásquez, Carlos; Martino, Juan (2019-09-01). "The neural pathway midline crossing theory: a historical analysis of Santiago Rámon y Cajal's
Axial_twist_theory
Neurological pain disorder
treat and diagnose TN. The longer a patient has TN, reversing the neural pathways associated with the pain are thought to be more difficult.[citation
Trigeminal_neuralgia
arms and legs. Certain areas of the brain initiate the descending neural pathways that ultimately control and modulate the CPG signals. In addition to
Neural substrate of locomotor central pattern generators in mammals
Neural_substrate_of_locomotor_central_pattern_generators_in_mammals
Medical condition
cerebral softening, when caused by hemorrhaging, can affect various neural pathways leading to convulsions, spasms, coma and death. A third case in 1898
Encephalomalacia
Neural pathway within the human visual system
stimulation of one eye will cause pupillary constriction of both eyes. The neural circuitry of the pupillary light reflex includes the optic tract which joins
Optic_tract
Group of signal transduction pathways involved in embryonic development
In cellular biology, the Wnt signaling pathways are a group of signal transduction pathways which begin with proteins that pass signals into a cell through
Wnt_signaling_pathway
Critical protein in embryonic development
signaling molecule exerting an effect on the developing neural tube. Many other molecules, pathways and mechanisms are active (e.g., RA, FGF, BMP), and complex
Sonic_hedgehog_protein
of migration), leave the neural tube and migrate along a dorsolateral pathway to the circumpharyngeal ridge. Along this pathway, CNCCs link together to
Cardiac_neural_crest
Topics referred to by the same term
personality trait in psychology Reward system, the brain structures and neural pathways that are involved in reward cognition Award Incentive Incentive program
Reward
Organ of hearing and balance
of these conditions may also be affected by damage to the brain or neural pathways leading from the ear. The human ear has been adorned by earrings and
Ear
Developmental precursor to the central nervous system
vertebrates), the neural tube is the embryonic precursor to the central nervous system, which is made up of the brain and spinal cord. The neural groove gradually
Neural_tube
2018 film by Jeffrey Nachmanoff
of the mind's neural pathways, while Ed's specialty is reproductive human cloning. William successfully captures the soldier's neural map and transfers
Replicas_(film)
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