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Phenomenon whereby language is used to discuss possible situations
linguistics and philosophy, modality refers to the ways language can express various relationships to reality or truth. For instance, a modal expression may convey
Modality_(semantics)
Type of formal logic
as "necessarily P {\displaystyle P} ". In the standard relational semantics for modal logic, formulas are assigned truth values relative to a possible
Modal_logic
Type of linguistic modality
Epistemic modality is a sub-type of linguistic modality that encompasses knowledge, belief, or credence in a proposition. Epistemic modality is exemplified
Epistemic_modality
Wayback Machine. Carnap, R., (1956). Meaning and Necessity: a Study in Semantics and Modal Logic. University of Chicago Press. Collins, John. (2001). Truth
Philosophy_of_language
Bearer of truth values
Epistemic and Metaphysical Modality, § 2. Metaphysical and Nomic Modality Garson 2024, Lead section, § 1. What is Modal Logic?, § 2. Modal Logics Newsome 2015
Proposition
Formal semantics for non-classical logic systems
Kripke semantics (also known as relational semantics or frame semantics, and often confused with possible world semantics) is a formal semantics for non-classical
Kripke_semantics
Study of the semantics, or interpretations, of formal and natural languages
Kripke and others for modal logic and related systems), algebraic semantics (connecting logic to abstract algebra), and game semantics (interpreting logical
Semantics_(logic)
Structured system of communication
uses the auditive modality, whereas sign languages and writing use the visual modality, and braille writing uses the tactile modality. Human language is
Language
Finnish and American philosopher and logician (1929–2015)
Early in his career, he devised a semantics of modal logic essentially analogous to Saul Kripke's frame semantics, and discovered the now widely taught
Jaakko_Hintikka
Framework in logic and natural language semantics
discourse relations, and modality. The first systems of dynamic semantics were the closely related File Change Semantics and discourse representation
Dynamic_semantics
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up modality in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Modality may refer to: Modality (theology), the organization and structure of the church, as distinct
Modality
Concept of philosophy and logic used to express modal claims
theories of modality circular. (He referred to these theories as "ersatz modal realism" which try to get the benefits of possible worlds semantics "on the
Possible_world
Philanthropy conception of meaning
things they intend, express, or signify". It is studied in the fields of semantics and philosophy of language. Meanings can be categorised in relation to
Meaning_(philosophy)
American philosopher and logician (1940–2022)
especially modal logic. His principal contribution is a semantics for modal logic involving possible worlds, now called Kripke semantics. He received
Saul_Kripke
Approach to semantics in analytic philosophy
Two-dimensionalism is an approach to semantics in analytic philosophy. It is a theory of how to determine the sense and reference of a word and the truth-value
Two-dimensionalism
Study of meaning in language
plurals, mass terms, tense, and modality. Montague semantics is an early and influential theory in formal semantics that provides a detailed analysis
Semantics
Dynamic modality is a linguistic modality that is the ability or requirement of the subject to do something. Dynamic modality is non-subjective in contrast
Dynamic_modality
Scientific study of language
linguistic analysis are syntax (rules governing the structure of sentences), semantics (meaning), morphology (structure of words), phonetics (speech sounds and
Linguistics
Phenomenon in natural language
disjunction and modality. Free choice inferences are most widely studied for deontic modals, but also arise with other flavors of modality as well as imperatives
Free_choice_inference
1947 book by Rudolf Carnap
Meaning and Necessity: A Study in Semantics and Modal Logic (1947; enlarged edition 1956) is a book about semantics and modal logic by the philosopher Rudolf
Meaning_and_Necessity
Volitive modality (abbreviated vol) is a linguistic modality that indicates the desires, wishes or fears of the speaker. It is classified as a subcategory
Volitive_modality
Hypothesis of language influencing thought
"The Semiotic Aspect of Alfred Korzybski's General Semantics" (PDF). ETC: A Review of General Semantics. 1. 40 (1). JSTOR: 16–21. doi:10.5840/cpsem19828
Linguistic_relativity
Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath (384–322 BC)
Linguistic relativity Logical form Mental representation Metalanguage Modality (semantics) Presupposition Principle of compositionality Property Proposition
Aristotle
American philosopher (1941–2001)
Counterfactuals (1973), which gives a modal analysis of the truth conditions of counterfactual conditionals in possible world semantics and the governing logic for
David_Lewis_(philosopher)
Fundamental unit of cognition
Semantics". Semantics. De Gruyter Mouton. doi:10.1515/9783110226614.688. ISBN 978-3-110-22661-4. Jacobson, Pauline I. (2014). Compositional Semantics:
Concept
French philosopher (1859–1941)
Linguistic relativity Logical form Mental representation Metalanguage Modality (semantics) Presupposition Principle of compositionality Property Proposition
Henri_Bergson
Idea of language as the principal framework in dictating human thought
to Non-Aristotelian Systems and General Semantics. Institute of General Semantics, 2005. "General semantics | philosophy". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived
Linguistic_determinism
Differentiating and characterizing feature
paradox Identity of indiscernibles (or "Leibniz's law") Intension Opposite (semantics) Property (mathematics) Russell's paradox Similarity (philosophy) "Properties"
Property_(philosophy)
Formal study of linguistic meaning
phenomena include intensionality, modality, negation, plural expressions, and the influence of contextual factors. Formal semantics is relevant to various fields
Formal semantics (natural language)
Formal_semantics_(natural_language)
British philosopher of language (1913–1988)
pragmatics. His work on meaning has also influenced the philosophical study of semantics. Born in Birmingham, Grice was educated at Clifton College and then at
Paul_Grice
English mathematician and philosopher (1872–1970)
September 2024. Retrieved 6 December 2016. Wettstein, Howard, "Frege-Russell Semantics?", Dialectica 44(1–2), 1990, pp. 113–135, esp. 115: "Russell maintains
Bertrand_Russell
Words and contextual actions which provide a complete meaning
Linguistic relativity Logical form Mental representation Metalanguage Modality (semantics) Presupposition Principle of compositionality Property Proposition
Language_game_(philosophy)
Formal semantic phenomenon
In formal semantics and pragmatics, modal subordination is the phenomenon whereby a modal expression is interpreted relative to another modal expression
Modal_subordination
Less-restrictive form of modal logic
global modality to assert their equivalence. Whilst Kripke semantics is often applied as the semantics of normal modal logics, the semantics of non-normal
Non-normal_modal_logic
Cant used by various peoples in English-speaking countries
Linguistic relativity Logical form Mental representation Metalanguage Modality (semantics) Presupposition Principle of compositionality Property Proposition
Thieves'_cant
presenting the modality of natural language; image is both a medium and a modality; music is a modality for the auditory media. So, the modality refers to
Modality_(semiotics)
American logician (born 1932)
the foundations of modern approaches to the semantics of programming languages. He has also worked on modal logic, topology, and category theory. Scott
Dana_Scott
Philosophy emphasizing names and labels
Linguistic relativity Logical form Mental representation Metalanguage Modality (semantics) Presupposition Principle of compositionality Property Proposition
Nominalism
Entity whose presence indicates the probable existence of something else
Linguistic relativity Logical form Mental representation Metalanguage Modality (semantics) Presupposition Principle of compositionality Property Proposition
Sign
Various systems of symbolic logic
work on semantics of modal logic, Saul Kripke created another semantics for intuitionistic logic, known as Kripke semantics or relational semantics. It was
Intuitionistic_logic
Linguistic term for jargon of a group
Linguistic relativity Logical form Mental representation Metalanguage Modality (semantics) Presupposition Principle of compositionality Property Proposition
Cant_(language)
Soviet psychologist (1896–1934)
Linguistic relativity Logical form Mental representation Metalanguage Modality (semantics) Presupposition Principle of compositionality Property Proposition
Lev_Vygotsky
English philosopher and political theorist (1588–1679)
Linguistic relativity Logical form Mental representation Metalanguage Modality (semantics) Presupposition Principle of compositionality Property Proposition
Thomas_Hobbes
Utterance that serves a performative function
propositional content (given with classical semantics) and illocutionary force (given by intuitionistic semantics). Up to now, the main basic formal applications
Speech_act
Chinese philosopher (c. 551 – c. 479 BCE)
Linguistic relativity Logical form Mental representation Metalanguage Modality (semantics) Presupposition Principle of compositionality Property Proposition
Confucius
Something that exists in some identified universe of discourse
Linguistic relativity Logical form Mental representation Metalanguage Modality (semantics) Presupposition Principle of compositionality Property Proposition
Entity
System of names or terms in a particular field of arts or sciences
as well as the relationship between names, their referents, meanings (semantics), and the structure of language. Modern scientific taxonomy has been described
Nomenclature
Distinction between using a word and mentioning it
1992, Revised 21 October 1993, Published in ETC: A Review of General Semantics, Vol. 51 No 1, Spring 1994. (accessed: 26 August 2006). "The evolution
Use–mention_distinction
German polymath (1646–1716)
philosophy, such as its adopted use of the term possible world to define modal notions. Gottfried Leibniz was born on 1 July [OS: 21 June] 1646, in Leipzig
Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz
Austrian philosopher and logician (1889–1951)
Linguistic relativity Logical form Mental representation Metalanguage Modality (semantics) Presupposition Principle of compositionality Property Proposition
Ludwig_Wittgenstein
1921 philosophical work by Ludwig Wittgenstein
Introduction to Non-Aristotelian Systems and General Semantics". The Institute of General Semantics Store. Archived from the original on 2011-08-11. Retrieved
Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus
Tractatus_Logico-Philosophicus
British philosopher (1900–1976)
Linguistic relativity Logical form Mental representation Metalanguage Modality (semantics) Presupposition Principle of compositionality Property Proposition
Gilbert_Ryle
Chinese Confucian philosopher (c. 310 – after 238 BCE)
Linguistic relativity Logical form Mental representation Metalanguage Modality (semantics) Presupposition Principle of compositionality Property Proposition
Xunzi_(philosopher)
American philosopher (1917–2003)
Suppes and Sidney Siegel. Stanford: Stanford University Press. 1957. Semantics of Natural Language, co-edited with Gilbert Harman, 2nd ed. New York:
Donald_Davidson_(philosopher)
Hypothetical internal cognitive symbol that represents external reality
natural languages but on a much more abstract level, possess a syntax and semantics very much like those of natural languages. For the Portuguese logician
Mental_representation
Words expressing a complete thought
Linguistic relativity Logical form Mental representation Metalanguage Modality (semantics) Presupposition Principle of compositionality Property Proposition
Sentence_(linguistics)
How clauses compose sentences in grammar and syntax
Linguistic relativity Logical form Mental representation Metalanguage Modality (semantics) Presupposition Principle of compositionality Property Proposition
Sentence_clause_structure
Property or quality connoted by a word, phrase, or another symbol
treat the use of signs—for example, in linguistics, logic, mathematics, semantics, semiotics, and philosophy of language—an intension is any property or
Intension
British analytic philosopher (1919–2001)
Linguistic relativity Logical form Mental representation Metalanguage Modality (semantics) Presupposition Principle of compositionality Property Proposition
G._E._M._Anscombe
American philosopher (born 1940)
Two-Dimensional Modal Semantics." Philosophical Studies 118 (2004): 299–322. "Conditional Assertions and Conditional Propositions." In New Work on Modality (MIT
Robert_Stalnaker
Type of verb, such as "might", that is used to indicate modality
necessity ("must"), in terms of one of the following types of modality: epistemic modality, concerned with the theoretical possibility of propositions being
Modal_verb
American linguist
He is known for his works on linguistic modality. Modality, Oxford University Press (Studies in Semantics and Pragmatics) What is Meaning?, Blackwell
Paul_Portner
Swiss linguist and philosopher (1857–1913)
conceptualisation, and later by the post-structuralists to criticise it. Cognitive semantics also diverges from Saussure on this point, emphasizing the importance
Ferdinand_de_Saussure
Entities that are said to be either true or false
meaningful-declarative-sentence-token. See e.g. Grice, Meaning, 1957 http://semantics.uchicago.edu/kennedy/classes/f09/semprag1/grice57.pdf Eternal Sentence:
Truth-bearer
American philosopher and logician (1908–2000)
especially modality. Quine was especially hostile to modal logic with quantification, a battle he largely lost when Saul Kripke's relational semantics became
Willard_Van_Orman_Quine
Denoting phrase in the form of "the X"
In formal semantics and philosophy of language, a definite description is a denoting phrase in the form of "the X" where X is a noun-phrase or a singular
Definite_description
Principle in linguistics about meaning
In semantics, mathematical logic and related disciplines, the principle of compositionality (also known as semantic compositionalism) is the principle
Principle_of_compositionality
French philosopher (1930–2004)
Linguistic relativity Logical form Mental representation Metalanguage Modality (semantics) Presupposition Principle of compositionality Property Proposition
Jacques_Derrida
Branch of medieval logic
issues similar to modern accounts of reference, plurality, tense, and modality, within an Aristotelian context. Philosophers such as John Buridan, William
Supposition_theory
Linguistic modality expressing how the world should be
Deontic modality (abbreviated deo) is a linguistic modality that indicates how the world ought to be according to certain norms, expectations, speaker
Deontic_modality
English philosopher (1911–1960)
Linguistic relativity Logical form Mental representation Metalanguage Modality (semantics) Presupposition Principle of compositionality Property Proposition
J._L._Austin
Concept in situation theory
from situation semantics contribute to debates about the ontology of facts, the structure of propositions and the semantics of modality and conditionals
Situation_semantics
German philosopher, logician, and mathematician (1848–1925)
essays by philosophers, grouped under three headings: 1. Ontology; 2. Semantics; and 3. Logic and Philosophy of Mathematics. Rosado Haddock, Guillermo
Gottlob_Frege
Intellectual current and methodological approach in the social science
Linguistic relativity Logical form Mental representation Metalanguage Modality (semantics) Presupposition Principle of compositionality Property Proposition
Structuralism
Meta-ethical theory
Linguistic relativity Logical form Mental representation Metalanguage Modality (semantics) Presupposition Principle of compositionality Property Proposition
Non-cognitivism
Movement in Western philosophy
interpretations to those that are true interpretations. By reconstructing the semantics of scientific language, Carnap's thesis builds upon earlier research in
Logical_positivism
Bilingualism by learning two languages from birth
Linguistic relativity Logical form Mental representation Metalanguage Modality (semantics) Presupposition Principle of compositionality Property Proposition
Simultaneous_bilingualism
German philosopher, theologian, poet (1744–1803)
Linguistic relativity Logical form Mental representation Metalanguage Modality (semantics) Presupposition Principle of compositionality Property Proposition
Johann_Gottfried_Herder
Philosophical belief that principles depend on societal agreements, not external reality
Linguistic relativity Logical form Mental representation Metalanguage Modality (semantics) Presupposition Principle of compositionality Property Proposition
Conventionalism
Approach to formal semantics
Game semantics is an approach to formal semantics that grounds the concepts of truth or validity on game-theoretic concepts, such as the existence of a
Game_semantics
Ancient Greek school of philosophical skepticism
Linguistic relativity Logical form Mental representation Metalanguage Modality (semantics) Presupposition Principle of compositionality Property Proposition
Pyrrhonism
German-American philosopher (1891–1970)
were nonetheless very productive ones. He wrote books on semantics (Carnap 1942, 1943, 1956), modal logic, and on the philosophical foundations of probability
Rudolf_Carnap
Branch of linguistics and semiotics relating context to meaning
communication. Theories of pragmatics are closely linked to theories of semantics, which studies aspects of meaning, and syntax, which examines sentence
Pragmatics
Approach to understanding the relationship between text and meaning
Linguistic relativity Logical form Mental representation Metalanguage Modality (semantics) Presupposition Principle of compositionality Property Proposition
Deconstruction
American mathematician and philosopher (1926–2016)
of mathematics, which he believed could be provided by a "mathematics as modal logic" interpretation that need not imply the existence of abstract objects
Hilary_Putnam
Distinction in the philosophy of language
century this "Frege–Russell" view was the orthodox view of proper name semantics. Saul Kripke argued influentially against the descriptivist theory, asserting
Sense_and_reference
Class of auxiliary verbs in English that lack untensed forms
Manfred (2009). "Modality and the history of English adhortatives". In Salkie, Raphael; Busuttil, Pierre; van der Auwera, Johan (eds.). Modality in English:
English_modal_auxiliary_verbs
1953 work by Ludwig Wittgenstein
Linguistic relativity Logical form Mental representation Metalanguage Modality (semantics) Presupposition Principle of compositionality Property Proposition
Philosophical_Investigations
Chinese philosopher (c.369 – c.286 BC)
Linguistic relativity Logical form Mental representation Metalanguage Modality (semantics) Presupposition Principle of compositionality Property Proposition
Zhuang_Zhou
Philosophical concept
sustain such a state of affairs. Thus we require a brand of modal realism if we are to use modality at all. An often-cited argument is called the argument
Modal_realism
20th-century tradition of Western philosophy
of larger misunderstandings of the metaphysics of modality, or of necessity and possibility. Modal logic was developed by pragmatist C. I. Lewis to deal
Analytic_philosophy
Formal semantics based on algebras
mathematical logic, algebraic semantics is a formal semantics based on algebras studied as part of algebraic logic. For example, the modal logic S4 is characterized
Algebraic semantics (mathematical logic)
Algebraic_semantics_(mathematical_logic)
American philosopher (1932–2025)
Linguistic relativity Logical form Mental representation Metalanguage Modality (semantics) Presupposition Principle of compositionality Property Proposition
John_Searle
Art of persuasion
arguments. Since the time of Aristotle, logic has changed. For example, modal logic has undergone a major development that also modifies rhetoric. The
Rhetoric
Term in linguistics
that syntax is arbitrary and self-contained with respect to meaning: semantics, pragmatics, discourse function, and other factors external to language
Autonomy_of_syntax
Formal system of logic
additional quantifiers and, sometimes, stronger semantics. Higher-order logics with their standard semantics are more expressive, but their model-theoretic
Higher-order_logic
Branch of philosophy
Linguistic relativity Logical form Mental representation Metalanguage Modality (semantics) Presupposition Principle of compositionality Property Proposition
Philosophy_of_information
Approach to the semantics of logic that locates meaning in inferential role
Proof-theoretic semantics is a branch of proof theory and an approach to the semantics of logic in which the meaning of propositions and logical connectives
Proof-theoretic_semantics
Theory in philosophy of language
Harvard University Press, 1972. p. 27. Howard Wettstein, "Frege-Russell Semantics?", Dialectica 44(1–2), 1990, pp. 113–135, esp. 115: "Russell maintains
Direct_reference_theory
Philosophical theory by Bertrand Russell
MIT Press. ISBN 0262140454. Lepore, Ernie (2004). "Abuse of Context in Semantics". In Reimer, Marga; Bezuidenhout, Anne (eds.). Descriptions and Beyond
Theory_of_descriptions
MODALITY SEMANTICS
MODALITY SEMANTICS
Boy/Male
Tamil
Morality, Superior
Boy/Male
Buddhist, Indian
Morality Preserver
Boy/Male
Tamil
Morality, Superior
Boy/Male
Hindu
Morality, Superior
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu
King; Morality; Superior; Romantic Morality
Boy/Male
Indian
Morality
Girl/Female
Tamil
Truth, Morality, Justice, Good behavior
Boy/Male
Tamil
Hrishab | ஹà¯à®°à¯€à®·à®¾à®ª
Morality
Hrishab | ஹà¯à®°à¯€à®·à®¾à®ª
Boy/Male
Hindu
Morality, Superior
Boy/Male
Tamil
Morality, Superior
Girl/Female
Tamil
Truth, Morality, Justice, Good behavior
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Morality
Girl/Female
Assamese, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Sanskrit, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu
Rules; Morality; Policy
Boy/Male
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Traditional
Morality
Boy/Male
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Traditional
Morality
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Morality
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Morality Like Sun
Boy/Male
Hindu
Morality, Superior
Girl/Female
Indian, Sanskrit
Wholeness; Totality
Girl/Female
Tamil
Truth, Morality, Justice, Good behavior
MODALITY SEMANTICS
MODALITY SEMANTICS
Girl/Female
Italian
Astray.
Girl/Female
Hindu
Witness
Boy/Male
Greek
Offered himself as a sacrifice for the Greeks when they arrived at Troy.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Lord of water
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from Lingart, Lancashire, or Lingards Wood in Marsden, West Yorkshire, both named from Old English līn ‘flax’ + garðr ‘enclosure’.
Girl/Female
Latin
Mother of Hercules.
Girl/Female
Indian
Like
Boy/Male
Algerian, French, Hindu, Indian
Fighter
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
God's Devotee
Boy/Male
Sikh
The Sun
MODALITY SEMANTICS
MODALITY SEMANTICS
MODALITY SEMANTICS
MODALITY SEMANTICS
MODALITY SEMANTICS
n.
Totality; completeness.
pl.
of Locality
a.
Not restrained or tutored by morality.
n.
Specifically, a lay association for devotion or for charitable purposes.
pl.
of Morality
n.
The quality or state of being mobile; as, the mobility of a liquid, of an army, of the populace, of features, of a muscle.
n.
Situation; place; locality.
n.
A fellowship or fraternity; a brotherhood.
n.
A kind of allegorical play, so termed because it consisted of discourses in praise of morality between actors representing such characters as Charity, Faith, Death, Vice, etc. Such plays were occasionally exhibited as late as the reign of Henry VIII.
n.
The practice of the moral duties; rectitude of life; conformity to the standard of right; virtue; as, we often admire the politeness of men whose morality we question.
pl.
of Sodality
n.
The quality or state of being modal.
n.
The quality or state of being vocal; utterableness; resonance; as, the vocality of the letters.
n.
A modal relation or quality; a mode or point of view under which an object presents itself to the mind. According to Kant, the quality of propositions, as assertory, problematical, or apodeictic.
n.
Limitation to a county, district, or place; as, locality of trial.
n.
Region; locality.
n.
The quality or state of being total; as, the totality of an eclipse.
n.
A morality play. See Morality, 5.
n.
The whole sum or number of deaths in a given time or a given community; also, the proportion of deaths to population, or to a specific number of the population; death rate; as, a time of great, or low, mortality; the mortality among the settlers was alarming.
n.
A treatise on morality; ethics.