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Hypothetical internal cognitive symbol that represents external reality
A mental representation (or cognitive representation), in philosophy of mind, cognitive psychology, neuroscience, and cognitive science, is a hypothetical
Mental_representation
Mental representation of the external world
A mental model is an internal representation of external reality: that is, a way of representing reality within the mind. Such models are hypothesized
Mental_model
Representation in the mind of objects, activities or events, whether they existed or not
are best understood to be, by definition, a form of inner, mental, or neural representation. Others reject the view that the image experience may be identical
Mental_image
Theory of brain function
(for more information about representation, see Mental Representation). In the field of philosophy, mental representation is treated as a mediator between
Predictive_coding
Hypothesis of philosopher Jerry Fodor
evidence drawn from linguistics and cognitive science to describe mental representation from a philosophical vantage-point, the hypothesis states that thinking
Language of thought hypothesis
Language_of_thought_hypothesis
Set of distinct concepts or thought patterns
Kuhn – American philosopher (1922–1996) Mental model – Mental representation of the external world Mental representation – Hypothetical internal cognitive symbol
Paradigm
German cognitive scientist (born 1973)
for his work on cognitive architectures, artificial intelligence, mental representation, emotion, social modeling, multi-agent systems, and philosophy of
Joscha_Bach
Topics referred to by the same term
things seen, remembered or imagined Representation (psychology) (also "mental representation" or "cognitive representation"), a hypothetical 'internal' cognitive
Representation
American philosopher (1935–2017)
infinite regress. If a person understands a word like "dog" through a mental representation which indicates that the word denotes dogs, then a regress takes
Jerry_Fodor
Topics referred to by the same term
Internal representation may refer to: Mental representation, in man Knowledge representation, in artificial intelligence Intermediate representation, the
Internal_representation
Framework for exploring meaning
approaches is that DRT includes a level of abstract mental representations (discourse representation structures, DRS) within its formalism, which gives
Discourse representation theory
Discourse_representation_theory
1960 self-help book by Maxwell Maltz
the mechanism will act on. Maltz also teaches that: We act on our mental representation of things, not the things themselves. We could respond with fear
Psycho-Cybernetics
Mental representation of information
A cognitive map is a type of mental representation used by an individual to order their personal store of information about their everyday or metaphorical
Cognitive_map
Concept in hypnosis and psychological research
or mental representation) and "motor" (muscular action). The phrase is most commonly used in reference to the process whereby a thought or mental image
Ideomotor_phenomenon
Polygon with 1000 edges
illustrate ideas about the nature and workings of thought, meaning, and mental representation. A regular chiliagon is represented by Schläfli symbol {1,000} and
Chiliagon
English philosopher and political theorist (1588–1679)
Hobbes, Madrid: Maia. Vieira, Monica Brito (2009). The Elements of Representation in Hobbes, Leiden: Brill Publishers. Zagorin, Perez (2009). Hobbes and
Thomas_Hobbes
American psychologist (1929–2022)
He was considered a father of research on spatial relations. He studied mental rotation, and was an inventor of non-metric multidimensional scaling, a
Roger_Shepard
Rotation of an object in the mind
visual representation of such rotation within the human mind. There is a relationship between areas of the brain associated with perception and mental rotation
Mental_rotation
Ancient Greek philosopher and polymath (384–322 BC)
between the internal "appearance" and a past occurrence. A memory is a mental picture (phantasm) that can be recovered. An impression is left on a semi-fluid
Aristotle
Theoretical framework
cognitive psychology and philosophy of mind, a mental model is a representation of something in the mind, but a mental model may also refer to a nonphysical external
Conceptual_model
Inability to orient oneself in one's surroundings
of specific cognitive strategies such as the ability to form a mental representation of the environment, also known as a cognitive map. It may be part
Topographical_disorientation
Level of psychological well-being
Mental health encompasses emotional, psychological, and social well-being, influencing cognition, perception, and behavior. Mental health plays a crucial
Mental_health
Entity whose presence indicates the probable existence of something else
communicate/pass across/ messages to the human mind through their pictorial representation. The word sign has a variety of meanings in English, including: Sun
Sign
Family of views in the philosophy of mind
rule. Computational theories of mind are often said to require mental representation because 'input' into a computation comes in the form of symbols
Computational_theory_of_mind
Research into the problem of consciousness
(Review). "Hubert Dreyfus 'Intelligence Without Representation: Merleau-Ponty's Critique of Mental Representation'". Archived from the original on 2008-12-01
Neurophenomenology
British philosopher (born 1957)
extensively on connectionism, robotics and the role and nature of mental representation. Clark has proposed a two-way "cascade of cortical processing" underlying
Andy_Clark
Diagram to visually organize information
pairs by edges Idea – Mental image or concept Knowledge representation and reasoning – Field of artificial intelligence Mental literacy – English author
Mind_map
State of mind
A mental state, or a mental property, is a state of mind of a person. Mental states comprise a diverse class, including perception, pain/pleasure experience
Mental_state
A mental timeline is a mental representation of time that is spatial in nature. The mental timeline is similar to the mental number line where numbers
Mental_timeline
Image that exploits graphical similarities between two or more distinct images
a mental representation of an ambiguous image, in the same way as normal images, each part is defined and then put onto the mental representation. The
Ambiguous_image
Cognitive process independent of the senses
Stanford University. Retrieved 22 October 2021. Pitt, David (2020). "Mental Representation: 1. The Representational Theory of Mind". The Stanford Encyclopedia
Thought
Pattern of thought or behavior
Knowledge representation and reasoning – Field of artificial intelligence Memetics – Study of self-replicating units of culture Mental representation – Hypothetical
Schema_(psychology)
Conscious mental representation of one's body
research with the term "body image" we currently refer to a conscious mental representation of one's own body, which involves affects, attitudes, perceptual
Body_image_(neuroscience)
Theory of culture
links a mental representation (e.g. satisfaction, justification, truth-value or similarity of content) with individual behaviors and mental processes
Epidemiology of representations
Epidemiology_of_representations
Symbolic representation of information using visualization techniques
(1993). "Diagrammatic information: techniques for exploring its mental representation and processing". Information Design Journal. 7 (1): 3–18. doi:10
Diagram
Philosophical conception of meaning
because they are paired with mental representations, as in the link between the word house and the mental representation house. A different psychological
Meaning_(philosophy)
Study of signs
components. The immediate object is the object as the sign presents it—a mental representation. The dynamic object, by contrast, is the actual entity as it really
Semiotics
American philosopher
Jersey. Brison's work has covered a wide variety of areas including mental representation, free speech theory, sexual violence, and other issues in social
Susan_Brison
Philosophical argument
Robbins: take a mental representation, of heat, for example. Only so long as it is really caused by heat can we call it a mental representation of heat; otherwise
Evolutionary argument against naturalism
Evolutionary_argument_against_naturalism
Conscious event, perception or practical knowledge
1016/B978-008044394-2/50009-9. ISBN 978-0-08-044394-2. Pitt, David (2020). "Mental Representation". The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Metaphysics Research
Experience
Idealistic metaphysics
form in reality rather than as subjective content of the mind or mental representation. Objective idealism thus differs both from materialism, which holds
Objective_idealism
Professor of psychology
focusing on a range of topics, including semantic categorization, mental representation of concepts, and linguistics. Her research interests include cognition
Eleanor_Rosch
Thought experiment in philosophy
of physicalism such as materialism and behaviorism, according to which mental states exist solely as behavior. Belief, desire, thought, consciousness
Philosophical_zombie
Level of ease with which a reader can understand written text
investigate the cohesion of the explicit text and the coherence of the mental representation of the text. "Our definition of cohesion consists of characteristics
Readability
Suddenly understanding a problem or concept
process, some salient features of the problem are incorporated into a mental representation of the problem. In the first step of solving the problem, it is
Eureka_effect
Linguistic term for jargon of a group
resemblance Intension Language Linguistic relativity Logical form Mental representation Metalanguage Modality (semantics) Presupposition Principle of compositionality
Cant
Axioms under the epistemological view called foundationalism
of inquiry and knowledge. Doxastic logic First principle Mental model Mental representation Mindset Paradigm Set (psychology) Schema (psychology) Worldview
Basic_belief
Psychological proximity of two mental representations
knowledge representation. Mental distance approaches (Shepard 1962) assume that mental representations can be conceptualized as some kind of mental space
Similarity_(psychology)
simulate human cognition, introducing new ways of conceptualizing mental representation. Their work on list-processing demonstrated that variations in information
Imagery_debate
Words expressing a complete thought
resemblance Intension Language Linguistic relativity Logical form Mental representation Metalanguage Modality (semantics) Presupposition Principle of compositionality
Sentence_(linguistics)
Form of agnosia
putative mental representations of body schema. The deficiencies associated with the disease seem to arise from a dysfunction in the mental representation of
Autotopagnosia
Mental process dealing with knowledge
Cognition encompasses mental processes that deal with knowledge. It includes psychological activities that acquire, store, retrieve, transform, or apply
Cognition
Subjective attitude that something is true
traditionally treated belief as if it were the simplest form of mental representation and therefore one of the building blocks of conscious thought. Philosophers
Belief
Acquisition, organization, and use of knowledge about spatial environments
large scale) on one’s ability to create a mental representation of the environment, or environment representation (large scale abilities). Evidence presented
Spatial_cognition
Aspect of animal behaviour and morphology
predation. Unlike its counterparts, cognitive crypsis involves the mental representation of deceptive scenarios (imagining oneself as another entity to manipulate
Crypsis
Repatterned modes of perception after devotion to an activity
such as imagining how an object will rotate while maintaining a mental representation of the configuration of the board. With repeated exposure to Tetris
Tetris_effect
Fundamental unit of cognition
this specific representation. Another objection asserts that representational theories rely too heavily on commonsense views of mental life as a sequence
Concept
Ability to tune out irrelevant stimuli
difficult to suppress irrelevant stimuli. The result is decreased mental representation control and perhaps a degree of working memory deficit. Finally
Cognitive_inhibition
American philosopher (1917–2003)
1970 paper "Mental Events". The theory is twofold and states that mental events are identical with physical events, and that the mental is anomalous
Donald_Davidson_(philosopher)
Chinese philosopher (c. 551 – c. 479 BCE)
resemblance Intension Language Linguistic relativity Logical form Mental representation Metalanguage Modality (semantics) Presupposition Principle of compositionality
Confucius
Psychologic theory
properties shape fetal cognition. In ontogenesis, the first act of the mental representation distribution succeeds in the mother-child dyad that constitutes
Distributed_cognition
Bearer of truth values
proposition can underlie many individual mental states. Traditionally, propositions have been understood as non-mental or abstract entities, though alternative
Proposition
Intellectual competition
Nir; Chou, Eileen Y.; Murnighan, J. Keith (2012). "Mind games: The mental representation of conflict". Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 102
Mind_games
American social psychologist
unconscious goals are represented mentally. Those mental representation influence behavior. For example, a mental representation of a relationship partner triggers
John_Bargh
Cognitive bias
heuristic. "The story [...] probably evokes for many readers a mental representation of a prototypical incident, perhaps an image of an exhausted bird
Scope_neglect
Study of how language influences thought
the belief that mental representation has linguistic structure. Thoughts are "sentences in the head" and so take place within a mental language. Two theories
Language_and_thought
Individual's ability to differentiate between the specificity of their emotions
review and unifying framework for individual differences in the mental representation of emotional experience". Psychological Bulletin. 147 (11): 1159–1183
Emotional_granularity
Aspect of human language faculty
features are included directly in the abstract mental representation of a lexical word". Recent models of the mental lexicon focus more on how a single cognitive
Mental_lexicon
Structured system of communication
consciousness remain active today. One definition sees language primarily as the mental faculty that allows humans to undertake linguistic behaviour: to learn languages
Language
Term in decision theory and general systems theory
Entrepreneurship Implicit theories of intelligence Intentionality Mental model Mental representation Paradigm Philosophy of life Propositional attitude Schema
Mindset
Austrian philosopher and logician (1889–1951)
before he went to war; on many occasions, he told Russell of his woes. His mental anguish seemed to stem from two sources: his work and his personal life
Ludwig_Wittgenstein
Cant used by various peoples in English-speaking countries
said he was going on the scamp": Thieves' cant, enregisterment and the representation of the social margins in the Old Bailey Sessions Papers". Journal of
Thieves'_cant
Psychological ethological theory
possible. More recently, it has been noted that the understanding of mental representation has advanced so much since Bowlby's day that present views can be
Attachment_theory
Altered perception of one's body image
1905 Bonnier introduced the term body schema, defining it as the mental representation of the body necessary for the brain to perceive objects near, far
Body_image_disturbance
Theory in cognitive science
against an internal mental representation. If there is "sufficient" overlap between the perceived stimulus and the internal representation, we will "recognize"
Pandemonium_architecture
investigate the cohesion of the explicit text and the coherence of the mental representation of the text. "Our definition of cohesion consists of characteristics
Coh-Metrix
French philosopher (1859–1941)
production and serves to bring together what Bergson wrote on the concept of mental force, and on his view of "tension" and "detension" as applied to the relation
Henri_Bergson
British philosopher
for his work on philosophy of cognitive science, particularly on mental representation, concepts, and the philosophy of mind. Shea is a winner of the Lakatos
Nicholas_Shea
Scientific study of language
the Variety of the Structure of Human Language and its Influence upon the Mental Development of the Human Race). There was a shift of focus from historical
Linguistics
Psychological theory
Propositional representation is the psychological theory, first developed in 1973 by Dr. Zenon Pylyshyn, that mental relationships between objects are
Propositional_representation
Concept in psychology, literature, philosophy
Overused, unoriginal phrase or opinion Dmuta in Mandaeism Mental model – Mental representation of the external world Monomyth – Pattern in storytellingPages
Archetype
Study of meaning in language
of reality to which it points. Ideational theories identify meaning with mental states like the ideas that an expression evokes in the minds of language
Semantics
Philosophy emphasizing names and labels
Ockham argued that only individuals existed and that universals were only mental ways of referring to sets of individuals. "I maintain", he wrote, "that
Nominalism
Set of therapeutic techniques established by Sigmund Freud
of introjection, creating a mental representation of external objects; and projection, applying this mental representation to reality. Wilfred Bion introduced
Psychoanalysis
Theory within the practice of psychology
equilibrium, which is defined as a state of balance between a person's mental representation of the world and his or her environment, is crucial to understanding
Selective_exposure_theory
Ability to attribute mental states to oneself and others
abilities do not require representation of mental states of other people, and so are better thought of as "sub-mentalizing". Children begin to learn
Theory_of_mind
Intellectual current and methodological approach in the social science
parts: a signifiant ('signifier'): the "sound pattern" of a word, either in mental projection—e.g., as when one silently recites lines from signage, a poem
Structuralism
Understanding that objects exist when unobserved
of the milestones that ties into a child's ability to engage in mental representation. Along with the relationship with language acquisition, object permanence
Object_permanence
Movement in Western philosophy
spirit", referring to the principles of empiricism and reductionism whereby mental phenomena resolve to the material or physical and philosophical questions
Logical_positivism
English philosopher and logician (1872–1970)
a happy, close, and loving one. Russell's eldest son John suffered from mental illness, which was the source of ongoing disputes between Russell and his
Bertrand_Russell
Neuropsychological test to identify cognitive impairment
Memory loss. HelpGuide. Johnson-Laird, P. N. (1 March 1987). "The mental representation of the meaning of words". Cognition. 25 (1): 189–211. doi:10
Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination
Addenbrooke's_Cognitive_Examination
English-language idiom
expressions, the literal-scene only exists as a highly schematic mental representation: ... trip the light fantastic is a form of tripping." An idiom is
Trip_the_light_fantastic
Idea of language as the principal framework in dictating human thought
effects. By clarifying language, participants create a more accurate mental representation, which in turn creates an emotional response. As such, the general
Linguistic_determinism
American philosopher and professor
to the usual "representationalist" theory that sees belief as a mental representation. According to Schwitzgebel, beliefs should be understood as series
Eric_Schwitzgebel
Mental process in which one rehearses a given action
imagery is a mental process by which an individual rehearses or simulates a given action. It is widely used in sport training as mental practice of action
Motor_imagery
psychoanalytic terms, this reflects a form of "occupying" or "charging" a mental representation with energy. From an economic perspective, the psyche is viewed
Acathexis
Study of processing speed on cognitive tasks
Mental chronometry is the scientific study of processing speed or reaction time on cognitive tasks to infer the content, duration, and temporal sequencing
Mental_chronometry
German polymath (1646–1716)
Education. Retrieved 19 October 2025. Blamauer, Michael, ed. (2013). The Mental as Fundamental: New Perspectives on Panpsychism. Walter de Gruyter. Borowski
Gottfried_Wilhelm_Leibniz
Emotion comparable to wonder
individual to engage in Piagetian accommodation (changing one's mental representation of the world to accommodate the new experience). Keltner and Haidt
Awe
American philosopher
then a PhD in philosophy at the University of Arizona. Her thesis, Mental representation and causal explanation, which she submitted in 1990, was supervised
Jean_Kazez
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