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Type of pseudorandom binary sequence
A maximum-length sequence (MLS) is a type of pseudorandom binary sequence. They are bit sequences generated using maximal linear-feedback shift registers
Maximum-length_sequence
Spreading of sound energy
the 200th anniversary of the birth of Gauss. Diffusors based on maximum length sequence (MLS) are made of strips of material with two different depths
Diffusion_(acoustics)
Topics referred to by the same term
An M-sequence may refer to: Regular sequence, which is an important topic in commutative algebra. A maximum length sequence, which is a type of pseudorandom
M-sequence
Seemingly random, difficult to predict bit stream created by a deterministic algorithm
example is the maximum length sequence generated by a (maximal) linear feedback shift register (LFSR). Other examples are Gold sequences (used in CDMA
Pseudorandom_binary_sequence
Binary sequence used in telecommunications
shift register used to generate the maximum-length sequence. The set of the 2n − 1 exclusive-ors of the two sequences in their various phases (i.e. translated
Gold_code
Mathematical sequences
Kasami sequence is initiated by generating a maximum length sequence a(n), where n = 1…2N−1. Maximum length sequences are periodic sequences with a period
Kasami_code
Topics referred to by the same term
Studies in Law or Master of Legal Studies Maximum length sequence, a type of pseudorandom binary sequence MLS (Making Life Simple) S.A., a Greek software
MLS_(disambiguation)
Sequence of characters, data type
a sequence of characters, either as a literal constant or as some kind of variable. The latter may allow its elements to be mutated and the length changed
String_(computer_science)
Type of shift register in computing
for a given LFSR length. Also, once one maximum-length tap sequence has been found, another automatically follows. If the tap sequence in an n-bit LFSR
Linear-feedback shift register
Linear-feedback_shift_register
Output of a dynamic system when given a brief input
input and output of a system driven with a pseudo-random sequence, such as maximum length sequences. Another approach is to take a sine sweep measurement
Impulse_response
Radio signal transmission method
performance. Dynamic frequency hopping List of multiple discoveries Maximum length sequence Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing Radio-frequency sweep
Frequency-hopping spread spectrum
Frequency-hopping_spread_spectrum
Sequence of digital values used for synchronisation
the trivial sequence of length 1, the known Barker sequences have lengths 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 11 and 13. It is conjectured that no longer sequence exists; this
Barker_code
Pseudo-random signal with characteristics similar to noise
maximal length sequences, Gold codes, Kasami codes, and Barker codes. Barker code Gold Codes Maximum length sequence Zadoff–Chu sequence Pseudorandom number
Pseudorandom_noise
Integer sequence
mathematics, Gijswijt's sequence (named after Dion Gijswijt by Neil Sloane) is a self-describing sequence where each term counts the maximum number of repeated
Gijswijt's_sequence
Test and measurement instrument
previously impossible with older analysis techniques such as MLS (Maximum Length Sequence). An audio generator suitable for use in test and measurement must
Audio_analyzer
German physicist
a synchronous dual channel measurement method using reciprocal maximum-length sequences (2003). He led a famed study of 22 concert halls worldwide, leading
Manfred_R._Schroeder
Pairs of sequences
(also called maximum-length sequences or M-sequences) Ternary Golay code (Error-correcting code) Walsh-Hadamard sequences Zadoff–Chu sequence Donato, P.G
Complementary_sequences
Form of pseudorandom number generator
degree, preset to non-zero state, so that each LFSR generates a maximum length sequence. Under these assumptions, the ASG's output demonstrably has long
Alternating_step_generator
Quantifying the behaviour of loudspeakers
Later equipment uses correlation on other stimuli, such as a maximum length sequence system analyser (MLSSA). Using multiple sine wave tones as a stimulus
Loudspeaker_measurement
Method of estimating the parameters of a statistical model, given observations
maximum likelihood estimation possesses a number of attractive limiting properties: As the sample size increases to infinity, sequences of maximum likelihood
Maximum_likelihood_estimation
Audio measurement software
"transfer function", and single-FFT spectrum analyzer. It includes maximum length sequence (MLS) analysis as a choice for impulse response, for the measurement
Smaart
Computer science problem
{\displaystyle n} denotes the length of the input sequence. In the first 16 terms of the binary Van der Corput sequence 0, 8, 4, 12, 2, 10, 6, 14, 1,
Longest increasing subsequence
Longest_increasing_subsequence
Type of sequence in numerical analysis
Sobol' sequences (also called LPτ sequences or (t, s) sequences in base 2) are a type of quasi-random low-discrepancy sequence. They were first introduced
Sobol_sequence
Topics referred to by the same term
to: Arc length, the distance between two points along a section of a curve. Length of a sequence or tuple, the number of terms. (The length of an n-tuple
Length_(disambiguation)
Encoding for a sequence of byte values using 64 printable characters
RFC 2045. MIME does not specify a fixed length for Base64-encoded lines, but it does specify a maximum line length of 76 characters. Additionally, it specifies
Base64
Principal protocol used to stream data across an IP network
Maximum Segment Size option, and will be followed by an Option-Length byte specifying the length of the MSS field. Option-Length is the total length of
Transmission_Control_Protocol
Network utility used to test the reachability of a host
reply. Sequence number: 16 bits Can be used by the client to match the reply with the request that caused the reply. Payload: variable length Optional
Ping_(networking_utility)
Open problem on 3x+1 and x/2 functions
1161, 2223, 2463, 2919, 3711, 6171, ... (sequence A006877 in the OEIS). The starting values whose maximum trajectory point is greater than that of any
Collatz_conjecture
Response that characterizes how an ear receives a sound from a point in space
frequency domain using a frequency-swept sine wave or by using maximum length sequences. User fatigue is still a problem, however, highlighting the need
Head-related transfer function
Head-related_transfer_function
Special type of Boolean function
Niho bent functions, etc. As early as 1982 it was discovered that maximum length sequences based on bent functions have cross-correlation and autocorrelation
Bent_function
Sequence with limited alternation of symbols
Davenport–Schinzel sequence is a sequence of symbols in which the number of times any two symbols may appear in alternation is limited. The maximum possible length of
Davenport–Schinzel_sequence
Theorem about natural numbers
Goodstein sequence of n and, when the sequence reaches 0, returns the length of the sequence. Because every Goodstein sequence eventually terminates, this function
Goodstein's_theorem
Concept in theoretical computer science
symbolized as Σ(n). A variant asks for the maximum run time rather than the maximum output length. The maximum number of computation steps an n-state Turing
Busy_beaver
of m-sequences or maximum length sequences. There are efficient algorithms for FCSR synthesis. This is the problem: given a prefix of a sequence, construct
Feedback with Carry Shift Registers
Feedback_with_Carry_Shift_Registers
Unit of data on an Ethernet network
a maximum payload of 1500 octets. Non-standard jumbo frames allow for larger payloads on networks built to support them. The frame check sequence (FCS)
Ethernet_frame
Data transmission and error correction protocol
and receiving windows must be equal, and half the maximum sequence number (assuming that sequence numbers are numbered from 0 to n−1) to avoid miscommunication
Selective_Repeat_ARQ
Type of mathematical sequence
In mathematics, a low-discrepancy sequence is a sequence with the property that for all values of N {\displaystyle N} , its subsequence x 1 , … , x N {\displaystyle
Low-discrepancy_sequence
Sequences of convex sets in a bounded set have convergent subsequences
to have a solution. That is, there exists a curve of fixed length that encloses the maximum area possible. Other problems likewise can be shown to have
Blaschke_selection_theorem
simultaneous dual channel measurement method using reciprocal maximum-length sequences (2003). He is a promoter of Bayesian analysis in acoustics. Xiang
Ning_Xiang
Size of largest allowed packet on a network segment
In computer networking, the maximum transmission unit (MTU) is the size of the largest protocol data unit (PDU) that can be communicated in a single network
Maximum_transmission_unit
Measure of the completeness of DNA sequencing
for high number of unique reads of each region of a sequence. Physical coverage, the cumulative length of reads or read pairs expressed as a multiple of
Coverage_(genetics)
Natural number
octangula number and a member of the Mian–Chowla sequence. There are 1016 surface points on a cube with edge-length 14. 1019 is a Sophie Germain prime, a safe
1000_(number)
Process of determining the nucleic acid sequence
DNA sequencing is the process of determining the nucleic acid sequence – the order of nucleotides in DNA. It includes any method or technology that is
DNA_sequencing
Optimality criterion in phylogeny
methods such as maximum parsimony because protein and nucleotide sequences are naturally discrete: A particular position in a nucleotide sequence can be either
Maximum_parsimony
Geometric fractal-like pattern
side lengths and areas that are powers of two, with one of the side lengths being at most two. The first few numbers that are produced by this sequence are:
Toothpick_sequence
Number, approximately 1.83929
= x2 + x + 1. Its decimal expansion begins with 1.839286755214161... (sequence A058265 in the OEIS). The moniker tribonacci was introduced by high-school
Tribonacci_ratio
Token limit for LLM context
the sequence lengths used during training, while attention variants and positional-encoding methods can allow models to operate on longer sequences than
Context_window
Application of computational algorithms, methods and programs to phylogenetic analyses
search space. Maximum Likelihood (also likelihood) optimality criterion is the process of finding the tree topology along with its branch lengths that provides
Computational_phylogenetics
from a multiple sequence alignment, to generate a phylogenetic tree. ME evaluates different tree arrangements by estimating branch lengths that best fit
Minimum_evolution
Method for finding sums of unit fractions
{1}{145}}+{\frac {1}{37986}}+\cdots } (sequence A117116 in the OEIS). The length, minimum denominator, and maximum denominator of the greedy expansion for
Greedy algorithm for Egyptian fractions
Greedy_algorithm_for_Egyptian_fractions
Device or software that records, edits or plays back musical notes
A music sequencer (or audio sequencer or simply sequencer) is a device or application software that can record, edit, or play back music, by handling
Music_sequencer
Algorithm for shuffling a finite sequence
finite sequence. The algorithm takes a list of all the elements of the sequence, and continually determines the next element in the shuffled sequence by randomly
Fisher–Yates_shuffle
Finds likely sequence of hidden states
target tracking, where the track is computed that assigns a maximum likelihood to a sequence of observations. Given a hidden Markov model with a set of
Viterbi_algorithm
Methods in computational biology
In bioinformatics, alignment-free sequence analysis approaches to molecular sequence and structure data provide alternatives over alignment-based approaches
Alignment-free sequence analysis
Alignment-free_sequence_analysis
Computational problem in graph theory
The maximum lengths of the longest possible cycles are 0, 4, 6, 8, 14, 26, 48, 96 (sequence A000937 in the OEIS). Beyond that length, the exact length of
Snake-in-the-box
Linear-time, analog algorithm for sorting a sequence of items
requires a parallel processor, which is assumed to be able to find the maximum of a sequence of items in O(1) time. For simplicity, assume we are sorting a list
Spaghetti_sort
File format for sequences and quality scores
for storing both a biological sequence (usually nucleotide sequence) and its corresponding quality scores. Both the sequence letter and quality score are
FASTQ_format
Description of degree sequences of graphs
even-summed positive sequence d {\displaystyle d} has no repeated entries other than the maximum and the minimum (and the length exceeds the largest entry)
Erdős–Gallai_theorem
Shortest path with bounded turning radius
points and directions, to have minimal length. In 1992 the same result was shown again using Pontryagin's maximum principle. More recently, a geometric
Dubins_path
Sequence of n-tuples of integers
each n-tuple in a Ducci sequence is greater than or equal to 0 and is less than or equal to the difference between the maximum and minimum members of the
Ducci_sequence
Encoding method for variable-length integers
A variable-length integer is a variable-length encoded representation of an integer value using a sequence of bytes. The number of bytes that is needed
Variable-length_integer
Type of error-correcting code using convolution
is not maximum likelihood but its complexity increases only slightly with constraint length, allowing the use of strong, long-constraint-length codes.
Convolutional_code
Measure of the 'vocabulary richness' of gene sequences
with the length i in a given sequence; the number of nodes in the most balanced tree, which corresponds to the most complex sequence of length N, at the
Linguistic sequence complexity
Linguistic_sequence_complexity
DC-free run-length limited line code used by several optical disc formats
DC-free run-length limited (RLL) codes; these have the following two properties: the spectrum (power density function) of the encoded sequence vanishes at
Eight-to-fourteen_modulation
Method of DNA sequencing developed in 1977
"contigs") which resemble the full genomic sequence once fully assembled. Sanger methods achieve maximum read lengths of approximately 800 bp (typically 500–600
Sanger_sequencing
Model of changes in a sequence over evolutionary time
of phylogenetic trees using multiple sequence alignment data. Thus, substitution models are central to maximum likelihood estimation of phylogeny as
Substitution_model
Universal lossless data compression algorithm
1984 paper encodes sequences of 8-bit data as fixed-length 12-bit codes. The codes from 0 to 255 represent 1-character sequences consisting of the corresponding
Lempel–Ziv–Welch
Well-behaved sequence in a commutative ring
depth of R as a R-module. That is, the depth of R is the maximum length of a regular sequence in the maximal ideal. For a Noetherian local ring R, the
Regular_sequence
Effect in signal processing
implementation of the DFT, because truncation of an odd-length sequence results in an even-length sequence. Their real-valued DFT coefficients are also an advantage
Spectral_leakage
Unproven computational hardness assumption
for each length of the input, in the spirit of advice) that can solve 3-SAT in time 2o(n). Because the numbers s3,s4,… form a monotonic sequence that is
Exponential_time_hypothesis
Sorting algorithm
each key value in the output sequence. Its running time is linear in the number of items and the difference between the maximum key value and the minimum
Counting_sort
Method for aligning biological sequences
align protein or nucleotide sequences. It was one of the first applications of dynamic programming to compare biological sequences. The algorithm was developed
Needleman–Wunsch_algorithm
Class of prime numbers
randomness of these sequences has been examined by diehard tests. Binary full reptend prime sequences (also called maximum-length decimal sequences) have found
Full_reptend_prime
Algorithm for encoding data bytes
sequence that contains no occurrences of those values. The extra length of the transformed sequence is typically referred to as the overhead of the algorithm
Consistent Overhead Byte Stuffing
Consistent_Overhead_Byte_Stuffing
Mathematical metric
particular, in optimization algorithms for these. For the sequence space of infinite-length sequences of real or complex numbers, the Chebyshev distance generalizes
Chebyshev_distance
Newick format. Felsenstein, J. (1981). "Evolutionary trees from DNA sequences: A maximum likelihood approach". Journal of Molecular Evolution. 17 (6): 368–376
PHYLIP
the maximum. This finding was surprising because the coding sequence for the average protein length of 400 AAs (with ~1,200 bases of coding sequence) and
Split_gene_theory
Type of shift register
to generate an n-bit NLFSR of maximal length 2n, generating a De Bruijn sequence, by extending a maximal-length LFSR with n stages; but the construction
Nonlinear-feedback shift register
Nonlinear-feedback_shift_register
Location in a genome
short nucleotide sequence is organized as a tandem repeat. These can be found on many chromosomes, and often show variations in length (number of repeats)
Variable_number_tandem_repeat
Class of digital signal-processing methods
conjunction with maximum-likelihood sequence detection, eventually known as PRML technique replaced the peak detection systems that used run-length-limited (RLL)
Noise-predictive maximum-likelihood detection
Noise-predictive_maximum-likelihood_detection
Repeating sequences of 2–13 base pairs of DNA
microsatellite is a tract of repetitive DNA that consists of a particular sequence of base pairs repeated a large number of times. Microsatellites occur at
Microsatellite
Numbering method for assigning routing addresses for telephones
regional administrations. It is an open numbering plan but imposes a maximum length of 15 digits to telephone numbers. The standard defines a country code
Telephone_numbering_plan
Alignment of more than two molecular sequences
because identifying the optimal alignment between more than a few sequences of moderate length is prohibitively computationally expensive. However, heuristic
Multiple_sequence_alignment
Model selection principle
algorithmic information theory, where the description length of a data sequence is the length of the smallest program that outputs that data set. In
Minimum_description_length
Diagram used to show relations among groups of organisms with common origins
Approaches such as maximum likelihood, which incorporate explicit models of sequence evolution, are non-Hennigian ways to evaluate sequence data. Another powerful
Cladogram
Wing shape
that the airfoil has a 15% thickness to chord length ratio: it is 15% as thick as it is long. The maximum thickness of the four-digit series is always
NACA_airfoil
Apparent curve that separates earth from sky
observer is elevated, the horizon zenith angle can be greater than 90°. The maximum visible zenith angle occurs when the ray is tangent to Earth's surface;
Horizon
Model that describes the programmable interface of a computer processor
instruction counter on a machine that has multiple instruction counters, e.g., Sequence Counter versus Cosequence counter on the Honeywell 800. Skip one or more
Instruction_set_architecture
Agglomerative hierarchical clustering method
d[(r),(s)]=maxd[(i),(j)]where the maximum is over all pairs of clusters in the current clustering. Increment the sequence number: m=m+1. Merge clusters (r)
Complete-linkage_clustering
and comparing these sequence numbers. In short, when the absolute serial number value decreases by more than half of the maximum value (e.g. 128 in an
Serial_number_arithmetic
Stochastic chain family
From there, Rissanen shortens the maximum candidate through successive cutting the branches according to a sequence of tests based in statistical likelihood
Stochastic chains with memory of variable length
Stochastic_chains_with_memory_of_variable_length
Field in Ethernet frames indicating which protocol is encapsulated in the payload
be greater than or equal to 1536. That value was chosen because the maximum length (MTU) of the data field of an Ethernet 802.3 frame is 1500 bytes and
EtherType
File system where data is stored as collections of records
of variable length, along with the maximum record length. Additional information including blocking factor, binary vs. text and the maximum number of records
Record-oriented_file_system
Rate at which data is processed in communication networks
significantly lower than the maximum achievable throughput; the useful part is usually referred to as goodput. Maximum throughput is the highest data
Network_throughput
Method for automated planning
goal state, and a maximum plan length (horizon length)—into a logical formula. This formula is satisfiable if and only if a valid sequence of actions exists
Satplan
one function which is f maximum term depth of 2 five term symbols which are x, a, b, f, x An attribute sequence is a sequence of k n-tuples of clause
CARINE
Star at the centre of the Solar System
initiated nuclear fusion in its core. It is now classified as a G-type main-sequence star (G2V). Every second, the Sun's core fuses about 600 billion kilograms
Sun
Method of DNA sequence reconstruction
assembling sequencing reads to create full-length (sometimes novel) sequences, without using a template (see de novo sequence assemblers, de novo transcriptome
Sequence_assembly
Base of natural logarithms
are uniformly distributed (occur with equal probability in any sequence of given length). In algebraic geometry, a period is a number that can be expressed
E_(mathematical_constant)
Extrapolation method to detect common ancestors
a dynamic programming algorithm for the joint maximum likelihood reconstruction of ancestral sequences). Methods of ancestral reconstruction are often
Ancestral_reconstruction
travel, tourism, insurance
MAXIMUM LENGTH-SEQUENCE
MAXIMUM LENGTH-SEQUENCE
Boy/Male
Latin
Greatest.
Boy/Male
Latin
Greatest.
Girl/Female
Latin
The best.
Boy/Male
Indian
Auspicious, Prosperous
Male
Russian
(МакÑим) Variant spelling of Russian Maksim, MAXIM means "the greatest." Compare with another form of Maxim.
Male
English
Variant spelling of English unisex Lee, LEIGH means "meadow."Â
Male
Swedish
Modern form of Swedish Benkt, BENGT means "blessed."Â
Boy/Male
Italian American
The greatest.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, Chinese, French, German, Greek, Latin, Swedish
Greatest
Female
Romanian
Pet form of Romanian Ileana, possibly LENUTA means "torch."
Male
French
French form of Latin Maximus, MAXIME means "the greatest."Â
Boy/Male
Muslim
Auspicious, Prosperous
Boy/Male
Latin French
Greatest.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, French, Latin
Greatest
Female
Swedish
Feminine form of Swedish Bengt, BENGTA means "blessed."Â
Boy/Male
Arabic, French, Muslim
Lucky
Male
Scottish
Scottish surname transferred to forename use, derived from the name of a river of Celtic origin, LEITH means "flowing water."
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Increase; Excess; High Degree; Maximum; Feminine of Mazid
Boy/Male
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Jain, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit
Plenty; Maximum; Intelligent; Young and Dynamic; Earth
Male
English
Variant spelling of English Kenneth, KENITH means both "born of fire" and "comely; finely made."
MAXIMUM LENGTH-SEQUENCE
MAXIMUM LENGTH-SEQUENCE
MAXIMUM LENGTH-SEQUENCE
MAXIMUM LENGTH-SEQUENCE
MAXIMUM LENGTH-SEQUENCE
MAXIMUM LENGTH-SEQUENCE
MAXIMUM LENGTH-SEQUENCE
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