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Sex differences in cognition are widely studied in the current scientific literature. Biological and genetic differences in combination with environment
Sex_differences_in_cognition
Differences in the mental functions and behaviors of the sexes
Sex differences in psychology are differences in the mental functions and behaviors of the sexes and are due to a complex interplay of biological, developmental
Sex_differences_in_psychology
Characteristics of the brain that differentiate the male brain and the female brain
reproducible sex differences in regional brain anatomy above and beyond sex differences in overall brain size" and that these differences are of a "small-moderate
Neuroscience of sex differences
Neuroscience_of_sex_differences
Difference between males and females
Sex differences in humans have been studied in a variety of fields. Sex determination generally occurs by the presence or absence of a Y chromosome in
Sex_differences_in_humans
Physiological sex differences include discrete features such as the respective male and female reproductive systems, as well as average differences between
Sexual dimorphism in human physiology
Sexual_dimorphism_in_human_physiology
Mental process dealing with knowledge
Outline of thought – Overview of and topical guide to thought Sex differences in cognition Sound units are called phonemes. The smallest linguistic units
Cognition
1998 British documentary series
Channel 4 in June 1998, about sex differences in cognition, caused by differences in male-female neurochemistry, and elementary reward systems in the human
Why_Men_Don't_Iron
Voyer D (2014-01-01). "Sex differences in the ability to recognise non-verbal displays of emotion: a meta-analysis". Cognition & Emotion. 28 (7): 1164–95
Sex differences in emotional intelligence
Sex_differences_in_emotional_intelligence
Area of scientific research
Sex differences in human intelligence have long been a topic of debate among researchers and scholars. It is now recognized that there are no significant
Sex differences in intelligence
Sex_differences_in_intelligence
Medical differences in humans by sex
Sex differences in medicine include sex-specific diseases or conditions which occur only in people of one sex due to underlying biological factors (for
Sex_differences_in_medicine
Concept in cognitive psychology
Memory, in general, is fairly stable across the sexes. By studying the specific instances in which males and females demonstrate differences in memory
Sex_differences_in_memory
Cheating, adultery, or having an affair
infidelity. A study published in 2002 suggested there may be sex differences in jealousy. Those that posit a sex difference exists state that men are 60%
Infidelity
Ability to mentally manipulate 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional figures
one of the few where clear sex differences in cognition appear. Researchers at the University of Toronto say that differences between men and women on some
Visuospatial_ability
Psychology concept
Stotland and Wolfe (1955), in their work on individual differences in cognitive motivation, identified a "need for cognition" which they defined as "the
Need_for_cognition
Influence of clothing on the wearer's mind
Enclothed cognition is a psychological phenomenon where the clothing a person wears influences their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. The term was coined
Enclothed_cognition
Differences between men and women as the perpetrators or victims of crime
Sex differences in crime are differences between men and women as the perpetrators or victims of crime. Such studies may belong to fields such as criminology
Sex_differences_in_crime
Personality trait of self-love, as differentiated by gender
In gender studies, the analysis of gender differences in narcissism suggests that male narcissism and female narcissism differ in a number of aspects
Sex_differences_in_narcissism
Roy A M; Gustafson, Deborah R; Kiliaan, Amanda J (3 October 2012). "Sex differences in stroke". Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism. 32 (12): 2100–2107
Sex differences in stroke care
Sex_differences_in_stroke_care
Sex differences in schizophrenia are widely reported. Men and women exhibit different rates of incidence and prevalence, age at onset, symptom expression
Sex differences in schizophrenia
Sex_differences_in_schizophrenia
Educational discrimination on the basis of sex
Sex differences in education are a type of sex discrimination in the education system affecting both men and women during and after their educational experiences
Sex_differences_in_education
Attraction on the basis of sexual desire
interest. Sexual attractiveness or sex appeal is an individual's ability to attract other people sexually, and is a factor in sexual selection or mate choice
Sexual_attraction
Psychological feature arousing organisms to physical pleasure and reproduction
cross-cultural patterns in sex differences for three traits: sex drive, sociosexuality, and height. These traits all showed consistent sex differences across nations
Sexual_desire
Interdisciplinary theory
Process, but Not for Everyone in the Same Way: Differences Predicted by Sex and Social Skills Score" (PDF). Spatial Cognition & Computation. 12 (2–3): 133–158
Embodied_cognition
Class of mental image or pattern of thought
"Sexual fantasy and attitudes as functions of sex of subject and content of erotica". Imagination, Cognition and Personality. 4 (4): 339–347. doi:10
Sexual_fantasy
Biological differences between men and women in human relationships
Sexual dimorphism in human bonding refers to the sex-based differences in how humans form, maintain, and experience social and emotional bonds, including
Sexual dimorphism in human bonding
Sexual_dimorphism_in_human_bonding
Sex differences in social capital are debated differences between men and women's ability to achieve their aims through social constructs such as trust
Sex differences in social capital
Sex_differences_in_social_capital
Canadian psychologist and academic
In addition, she has worked on sex differences in cognition, beginning in the late 1970s with a critical look at a then-popular explanation of sex differences
Nora_Newcombe
systems, either between heterosexual couples or same-sex couples. Statistics indicate an age difference in married couples. The 2017 US Current Population
Age disparity in sexual relationships
Age_disparity_in_sexual_relationships
Canadian psychologist (1933–2013)
PMID 8725969. S2CID 16623727. Kimura, Doreen (2004). "Human sex differences in cognition, fact, not predicament". Sexualities, Evolution & Gender. 6 (1):
Doreen_Kimura
Rotation of an object in the mind
Michael (2005-03-01). "Sex differences and the factor of time in solving Vandenberg and Kuse mental rotation problems". Brain and Cognition. 57 (2): 176–184
Mental_rotation
Type of neuron associated with empathy
Tager-Flusberg H (September 2006). "Anatomical differences in the mirror neuron system and social cognition network in autism". Cerebral Cortex. 16 (9): 1276–1282
Mirror_neuron
Difference between biological sex and gender identity
interpret all the differences between the sexes as stemming from this single difference in gametes. Bhargava et al. note that the terms sex and gender are
Sex–gender_distinction
Differences in autism diagnosis frequencies with respect to gender
Sex and gender differences in autism exist regarding prevalence, presentation, and diagnosis. Men and boys are more frequently diagnosed with autism than
Sex and gender differences in autism
Sex_and_gender_differences_in_autism
Study of cognitive processes involved in social interactions
focuses on the role that cognitive processes play in social interactions. More technically, social cognition refers to how people deal with information about
Social_cognition
Trait that determines an organism's sexually reproductive function
Sex is the phenotypic trait of a sexually reproducing organism in producing gametes of one of two different sizes or shapes—male or female gametes. During
Biological_sex
Memory system consisting of episodes recollected from an individual's life
Barbara L. (September 1999). "Gender Differences in Memory Perspectives: Evidence for Self-Objectification in Women". Sex Roles. 41 (5/6): 459–467. doi:10
Autobiographical_memory
Anything that causes a sexual response
"Sexual fantasy and attitudes as functions of sex of subject and content of erotica". Imagination, Cognition, and Personality. 4 (4): 339–347. doi:10
Sexual_stimulation
Acquisition, organization, and use of knowledge about spatial environments
Christelle; Modéran, Julien; Dickel, Ludovic (2008). "Sex Differences in Spatial Cognition in an Invertebrate: The Cuttlefish". Proceedings: Biological
Spatial_cognition
cognition encompasses the mental capacities of non-human animals, including insect cognition. The study of animal conditioning and learning used in this
Animal_cognition
genders encounter. Furthermore, while sex differences in education explains the prevalence of gender-based differences in education on a global scale, the
Sex differences in education in the United States
Sex_differences_in_education_in_the_United_States
Focused attention on one's mental distress
supported in research. A meta-analysis was performed on both the sex differences in rumination of adults and the rumination subtypes "brooding" and "reflection
Rumination_(psychology)
PMC 4897751. PMID 27303627. Sano, Mary; Gandy, Sam (12 April 2016). "Sex differences in cognition". Neurology. 86 (15): 1364–1365. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000002573
Sam_Gandy
Degradation of functioning of the brain
health and cognition, finding rejuvenating approaches that act simultaneously in peripheral tissues and in brain function is a key strategy in the development
Aging_brain
Canadian-born British psychologist and writer
popular science books on the topics of social cognition, neuroscience, and the popular myths of sex differences. She is especially known for Testosterone
Cordelia_Fine
Process of development of sex differences in humans
Sexual differentiation in humans is the process of development of sex differences in humans. It is defined as the development of phenotypic structures
Sexual differentiation in humans
Sexual_differentiation_in_humans
Sociological constructs related to sex
corresponds to sex, a transgender person may identify with a gender other than their sex assigned at birth. Most cultures have a gender binary, in which gender
Gender
Concept in psychology and sociology
differences in personality and occupational choices are larger in countries that score higher in standard gender equality metrics. Larger differences
Gender-equality_paradox
Inability to differentiate left and right directions
2011). "Mental rotation does not account for sex differences in left–right confusion". Brain and Cognition. 76 (1): 166–171. doi:10.1016/j.bandc.2011.01
Left–right_confusion
Sex of an organism that produces ovums
An organism's sex is female (symbol: ♀) if it produces the ovum (egg cell), the type of gamete (sex cell) that fuses with the male gamete (sperm cell)
Female
Gender differences in suicide include different rates of suicides and suicidal behavior between men and women, among both adults and adolescents. While
Gender_differences_in_suicide
1978 test of spatial ability
Factors That Affect Performance". Brain and Cognition. Hegarty, Mary (June 2018). "Ability and sex differences in spatial thinking: What does the mental rotation
Mental_Rotations_Test
Hormonal theory of sexuality
Weightman DR (December 1999). "Sex differences in cognition: the role of testosterone and sexual orientation". Brain and Cognition. 41 (3): 245–262. doi:10
Prenatal hormones and sexual orientation
Prenatal_hormones_and_sexual_orientation
Biological system that determines the development of an organism's sex
their offspring using sexual reproduction have two common sexes, males and females, and in other species there are hermaphrodites, organisms that can
Sex-determination_system
Theory in psychology
agreeableness, self-esteem, even in cognitive and affective empathy. Gender and emotional expression Sex differences in emotional intelligence Epley, Nicholas;
Gender_empathy_gap
British psychologist and author (born 1958)
typical sex differences, the key test of which was published in 2018. Baron-Cohen has also made major contributions to both basic and applied research in autism
Simon_Baron-Cohen
Psychology Sex Roles Social Cognition Social Psychological and Personality Science Social Psychology Social Psychology Quarterly Spirituality in Clinical
List_of_psychology_journals
Controversial hypothesis in evolutionary psychology
consequences: Using the bogus pipeline to examine sex differences in self‐reported sexuality. Journal of Sex Research, 40(1), 27–35. https://doi.org/10
Sexual_economics
Theory on the psychological basis of autism
than E–S differences. E–S theory was developed by psychologist Simon Baron-Cohen in 2002, as a reconceptualization of cognitive sex differences in the general
Empathising–systemising theory
Empathising–systemising_theory
Sex and gender differences in leadership have been studied from a variety of perspectives, including personality traits, sex and gender roles, and intersectional
Sex and gender differences in leadership
Sex_and_gender_differences_in_leadership
Physiological and psychological changes in preparation for sexual intercourse
to sex differences observed in subjective sexual arousal. Specifically, while watching heterosexual erotic videos, men are more influenced by the sex of
Sexual_arousal
Hormone transfer in the womb
testing for differences in behavior (i.e. temperament) tend to yield inconsistent results, while those testing perception and cognition are typically
Prenatal testosterone transfer
Prenatal_testosterone_transfer
Psychological concept
explain sexual jealousy in both males and females. In addition, some of these explanations can be used to explain the sex differences in sexual jealousy and
Sexual_jealousy
Sex of an organism which produces sperm
: spermatozoa vs. ova) and differences between males and females in one lineage are not always predictive of differences in another. Male/female dimorphism
Male
Social role associated with gender or sex
moral cognition. The research question of this study was whether sex differences and gender roles affect empathy. Two studies were conducted in this paper
Gender_role
Macro theory of human motivation and personality
Causality orientations theory (COT): explores individual differences in the way people motivate themselves in regards to their personality. COT suggests three
Self-determination_theory
Theory in social psychology
cultural differences. Later work has concentrated on political ideology. Scholars have offered moral foundations theory as an explanation of differences among
Moral_foundations_theory
Basic emotion
"Attentional bias differences between fear and disgust: Implications for the role of disgust in disgust-related anxiety disorders". Cognition & Emotion. 23
Disgust
Male adult human
androgen production result in the development of secondary sexual characteristics that result in even more differences between the sexes. These include greater
Man
Cognitive process
regulate inhibitory control cognition. Inhibitory control is impaired in both addiction and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. In healthy adults and ADHD
Inhibitory_control
Retrieval of events or information from the past
Mograss, M. (2005). "Gender differences in memory processing: Evidence from event-related potentials to faces". Brain and Cognition. 57 (1): 84–92. doi:10
Recall_(memory)
American cognitive scientist
Boroditsky (born c.1976) is a cognitive scientist and professor in the fields of language and cognition. She is one of the main contributors to the theory of linguistic
Lera_Boroditsky
Personality trait of highly sensitive persons
along a normal distribution sensitivity continuum. ADHD Arousal Autism Cognition Cultural neuroscience Development of the nervous system Differential susceptibility
Sensory processing sensitivity
Sensory_processing_sensitivity
Personality model consisting of five broad dimensions
countries. Measured differences in the magnitude of sex differences between more or less developed world regions were caused by the changes in the measured personalities
Big_Five_personality_traits
Social interaction aiming at inflicting harm or unpleasantness
Björkqvist, Kaj (1994). "Sex differences in physical, verbal, and indirect aggression: A review of recent research". Sex Roles. 30 (3–4): 177–88. doi:10
Aggression
; Inzlicht, Michael (September 2002). "Sex differences in response to physical and social factors involved in human mate selection". Evolution and Human
Body odour and sexual attraction
Body_odour_and_sexual_attraction
Overview of emotional expression by gender
expression is the study of the differences between men and women in behavior that expresses emotions. These differences in emotional expression may be primarily
Gender and emotional expression
Gender_and_emotional_expression
Child-god who is forever young, in mythology and as an archetype
aeterna; sometimes shortened to puer and puella) in mythology is a child-god who is eternally young. In the analytical psychology of Carl Jung, the term
Puer_aeternus
Stage of human development
There are gender differences in the giving and receiving of oral sex. One study demonstrated that young men expected to receive oral sex more than young
Adolescent_sexuality
Psychological effect which occurs in groups
task. While studying the relationship between process loss (i.e., reductions in performance effectiveness or efficiency) and group productivity, Ringelmann
Ringelmann_effect
Subdiscipline of psychology
operate in the absence of relevant stimulation, as in images and hallucinations. ... Given such a sweeping definition, it is apparent that cognition is involved
Cognitive_psychology
Theory of developmental psychology
deliberation and brainstorming have a greater need for cognition. Individuals who are unmotivated to participate in the activity, on the other hand, have a low demand
Maslow's_hierarchy_of_needs
Branch of psychology
Evolutionary psychology is a theoretical approach in psychology that examines cognition and behavior from a modern evolutionary perspective. It seeks
Evolutionary_psychology
Ability to understand or feel what another is feeling
Thompson AE, Voyer D (2014). "Sex differences in the ability to recognise non-verbal displays of emotion: a meta-analysis". Cognition & Emotion. 28 (7): 1164–95
Empathy
is the philosophical system explaining cognition that is most compatible with neurodynamics, in a 2008 article in the journal Mind and Matter entitled "Nonlinear
History_of_psychology
mixed-sex clinical trials and therefore subjected to physician bias in diagnosis and treatment. Health disparity has been defined by WHO as the differences
Gender_disparities_in_health
Sexual reproduction involving a large, female gamete and a small, male gamete
evolve different primary and secondary sex characteristics including sex differences in behavior. Geoff Parker, Robin Baker, and Vic Smith were the first
Anisogamy
Hypothesis of language influencing thought
effects of differences in linguistic categorization on cognition, finding broad support for non-deterministic versions of the hypothesis in experimental
Linguistic_relativity
Study of non-human animal behavior and mental processes
with individual differences, differences in motivation, differences in reinforcement, differences in sensory function, differences in motor capacities
Comparative_psychology
Organism that produces both male and female gametes
fundamentally either male or female. Other authors theorized that sex differences, both in personality and physical characteristics, came from "the shape
Hermaphrodite
Unpleasant emotion experienced when behavioral freedom is threatened
unobtainable objects: sex differences in children's responses to an elimination of freedom", examined the differences in sex and age in a child's view of
Reactance_(psychology)
Mechanism for evolution
; Sherry, D. F.; Hoffman, G. E. (1990-08-01). "Evolution of spatial cognition: sex-specific patterns of spatial behavior predict hippocampal size". Proceedings
Mate_choice
Gender is correlated with the prevalence of certain mental disorders
as a disorder Gender in individual mental disorders Sex differences in autism Sex differences in schizophrenia Healthcare and the LGBTQ community Minority
Mental_disorders_and_gender
Cognitive processes outside conscious awareness or control
Implicit cognition refers to cognitive processes that occur outside conscious awareness or conscious control. This includes domains such as learning,
Implicit_cognition
Scientific study of psychological changes in humans over the course of their lives
emotions, and how identity develops. Research in this area may involve studying the relationship between cognition, cognitive development, and social behavior
Developmental_psychology
1950s intellectual movement
branches in the field of psychology. A key goal of early cognitive psychology was to apply the scientific method to the study of human cognition. Some of
Cognitive_revolution
Psychotic disorder
to confide in others because of unwarranted fear that the information will be used maliciously against them" (1997, p. 3). Paranoid cognition has been conceptualized
Paranoia
Resistance of an immediate reward in return for a greater reward later
S2CID 14921633. Silverman, Irwin W. (2003). "Gender Differences in Delay of Gratification: A Meta-Analysis". Sex Roles. 49 (9/10): 451–63. doi:10.1023/A:1025872421115
Delayed_gratification
Psychological perspective
process of initiation". Evolution and Cognition 2(4): 319-332. Maddi, S. R., & Costa, P. T. (1972). Humanism in personology: Allport, Maslow, and Murray
Humanistic_psychology
Sociopsychological phenomenon
resulting in little aiding behavior demonstrated by the bystander(s). Causes range from psychological effects of anonymity to differences in sex. Implication
Diffusion_of_responsibility
Systematic approach to understanding the behavior of humans and other animals
of ABA, but differs in that it initially incorporates cognitive restructuring and emotional regulation to alter a person's cognition and emotions. Various
Behaviorism
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SEX DIFFERENCES-IN-COGNITION
SEX DIFFERENCES-IN-COGNITION
SEX DIFFERENCES-IN-COGNITION
SEX DIFFERENCES-IN-COGNITION
SEX DIFFERENCES-IN-COGNITION
SEX DIFFERENCES-IN-COGNITION
SEX DIFFERENCES-IN-COGNITION
SEX DIFFERENCES-IN-COGNITION
SEX DIFFERENCES-IN-COGNITION
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