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Scientific analysis of chipped stone artifacts
lithic analysis is the analysis of stone tools and other chipped stone artifacts using basic scientific techniques. At its most basic level, lithic analyses
Lithic_analysis
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up lithic or lithics in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Lithic may refer to: Relating to stone tools Lithic analysis, the analysis of stone tools
Lithic
Process of fashioning stones or rocks into tools and weapons
wood, bone or antler), or a wood or antler punch to detach lithic flakes from the lithic core. As flakes are detached in sequence, the original mass
Lithic_reduction
Process of understanding a complex topic or substance
Bowling analysis – Analysis of the performance of cricket players Lithic analysis – the analysis of stone tools using basic scientific techniques Lithic analysis
Analysis
In archaeology, a stone artifact left over from toolmaking
In archaeology, a lithic core is a distinctive artifact that results from the practice of lithic reduction. In this sense, a core is the scarred nucleus
Lithic_core
Term in anthropology
chaîne opératoire was born out of archaeologists' interest in elevating lithic analysis beyond simple typology. Building an object's chaîne opératoire is an
Chaîne_opératoire
Archeological term; material produced during the process of lithic reduction
process of lithic reduction – the production of stone tools and weapons by knapping stone. This assemblage may include the different kinds of lithic flakes
Debitage
Stone, bronze and iron ages of pre-history
popular one. His view was based on what may be the first in-depth lithic analysis of the objects in his collection, which led him to believe that they
Three-age_system
Objects used by humans
process of lithic analysis: petrographic analysis, neutron activation, x-ray fluorescence, particle-induced x-ray emission, individual flake analysis and mass
Artifact_(archaeology)
Primitive weapon component
prehistoric trade. A distinctive form of point, identified though lithic analysis of the way it was made, is often a key diagnostic factor in identifying
Projectile_point
Type of stone tool
archaeology, a lithic blade is a type of stone tool created during lithic reduction by striking a long narrow flake from a stone core. Lithic blades are generally
Lithic_blade
Portion of rock removed from an objective piece by percussion or pressure
be removed from polyhedral blade cores, another common lithic feature of Paleo-Indian lithic culture. Prismatic blades are often triangular in cross
Lithic_flake
Cave in Western Australia
hypothesized the use of resin on hafted tools, though sedimentary analysis and lithic analysis contradict this theory; there is inconclusive evidence for both
Devil's_Lair
In lithic analysis (a subdivision of archaeology), an eraillure is a flake removed from a lithic flake's bulb of force, which is a lump left on the ventral
Eraillure
Pleistocene geological formation in East Africa
ISSN 0263-0338. Tryon, Christian A. (April 2006). ""Early" Middle Stone Age Lithic Technology of the Kapthurin Formation (Kenya)". Current Anthropology. 47
Kapthurin_Formation
Prehistoric period before metal tools
diagnostics of date, rather than characterizing the people or the society. Lithic analysis is a major and specialised form of archaeological investigation. It
Stone_Age
Late Archaic period Indian archaeological site in Iowa
identified include a discard area and a deep feature of unknown function. Lithic analysis reveals that the site occupants probably recently traveled along the
Edgewater_Park_Site
Naturally occurring volcanic glass
various tribes in California. Lithic analysis helps to understand pre-Hispanic groups in Mesoamerica. A careful analysis of obsidian in a culture or place
Obsidian
Lithic scatter consists primarily of lithic flakes and other stone tool use remnants. Scatter occurs in surface areas that have often been disturbed by
Lithic_scatter
Filipino archaeologist (born 1966)
Archeology of the University of the Philippines Diliman. He specializes in lithic analysis, ceramic petrology, soil micromorphology, paleolithic archaeology and
Armand_Mijares
definitions) by Bill Dickinson in 1970. Lithic fragments can be derived from sedimentary, igneous or metamorphic rocks. A lithic fragment is defined using the Gazzi-Dickinson
Lithic_fragment_(geology)
Aspect of Mesoamerican material culture
significant contributor to Mesoamerica's lack of metallurgy. Lithic and contextual analysis of obsidian, including source studies, are important components
Obsidian_use_in_Mesoamerica
Prehistoric period in Mesoamerica
spear points facilitates hunting of big game. Elsewhere Lithic period in North America Lithic period in Belize Other Paleo-Indians Archaeology of the
Lithic_period_in_Mesoamerica
Characteristic in archaeology
In lithic analysis, a subdivision of archaeology, a bulb of applied force (also known as a bulb of percussion or simply bulb of force) is a defining characteristic
Bulb_of_applied_force
Study of human activity based on materials left behind
sub-disciplines characterized by a specific method or type of material (e.g., lithic analysis, music, archaeobotany), geographical or chronological focus (e.g. Near
Archaeology
United States historic place
approximately 7,000 artifacts scattered over at least 37 acres for lithic analysis. Additionally, there is a large number of “astoundingly reworked” fluted
Shoop_Site_(36DA20)
Pre-Clovis archaeological site in Texas
Biface Lithic Technology at the Gault Site (41BL323), Bell County, Texas". Current Research in the Pleistocene 24: 78–80. Gandy, J. (2013) "Analysis of Lithic
Gault_(archaeological_site)
Possible Upper Paleolithic archaeological site in Zacatecas, Mexico
Cave. He claims that there was not enough detail provided on how the lithic analysis was conducted. He also recommends that Ardelean should have excavated
Chiquihuite_cave
First stage of the Upper Paleolithic
the period, reveals that these groups practiced a curated lithic economy (sensu lithic analysis). This involved long‑distance transport of high‑quality
Initial_Upper_Paleolithic
Outer layer of rock often removed when creating stone tools
In lithic analysis in archaeology, the cortex is the outer layer of rock formed on the exterior of raw materials by chemical and mechanical weathering
Cortex_(archaeology)
Analysis of traces of use in archeology
organic residues present on a lithic. The organic residues are analyzed in order to understand the activities the lithics were used for such as butchering
Use-wear_analysis
Archaeological site in Penghu, Taiwan
ago. The environments of the four prehistoric lithic workshops are as follows: Nankang Prehistoric Lithic Workshop Site: It is located at the coastal roadside
Chimei_lithic_workshops
Stone age tool
In archaeology and the field of lithic reduction, a burin /ˈbjuːrɪn/ (from the French burin, meaning "cold chisel" or modern engraving burin) is a type
Burin_(lithic_flake)
First hominin expansion into Eurasia (2.1–0.1 Ma)
hominin dispersals observed in the fossil record around this time. Lithic analysis implies that Oldowan hominins were not predators. However, Homo erectus
Early expansions of hominins out of Africa
Early_expansions_of_hominins_out_of_Africa
American anthropologist (born 1957)
upper-level courses focused in Hunter-Gathers, North American Archaeology, Lithic Analysis, and Human Behavioral Ecology. Kelly's interest in archaeology began
Robert_L._Kelly
Academic journal
the theory of prehistoric archaeology, with a particular focus on lithic analysis and quantitative methods. However, some articles also addressed issues
Dialektikê
Application of scientific techniques to archaeology
the development of new methods of conservation Techniques such as lithic analysis, archaeometallurgy, paleoethnobotany, palynology and zooarchaeology
Archaeological_science
Archaeological site in British Columbia, Canada
Bakewell, and Rob Gargett. "The world's longest-lived corporate group: Lithic analysis reveals prehistoric social organization near Lillooet, British Columbia
Keatley Creek archaeological site
Keatley_Creek_archaeological_site
Medieval cathedral in France
portals, but the layouts were changed by successive masters, see careful lithic analysis by John James. Either way, most of the carving follows the exceptionally
Chartres_Cathedral
via a splitting process known as lithic reduction. One simple form of reduction is to strike stone flakes from a lithic core of material using a hammerstone
Stone_tool
List of academic sub-disciplines
Sub-discipline of Archaeology Calceology – Study of footwear Lithic analysis – Scientific analysis of chipped stone artifacts Folklore research Numismatics –
Subfields_of_archaeology
Ancient production techniques
In archaeology, lithic technology includes a broad array of techniques used to produce usable tools from various types of stone. The earliest stone tools
Lithic_technology
Distinctive type of stone knapping technique used by ancient humans
sophisticated than earlier methods of lithic reduction, involving the striking of lithic flakes from a prepared lithic core. A striking platform is formed
Levallois_technique
Type of stone tool
knapping, a process of producing stone tools using lithic reduction. Lithic reduction is the removal of a lithic flake from a larger stone in order to reach
Flake_tool
Woodland Periods, and it is classified as a lithic quarry site due to the presence of thousands of lithic artifacts found there. Located in the Carolina
Two_Dogs_Site
Typological classification of stone tools
typological classification of stone tools. An industry consists of a number of lithic assemblages, typically including a range of different types of tools, that
Industry_(archaeology)
American archaeologist and paleoanthropologist
Pargeter, John J. Shea (2019) Going big vs. going small: Lithic miniaturization in hominin lithic technology. Evolutionary Anthropology 28 (2): 72–85. Hildebrand
John_Shea_(archaeologist)
American anthropologist
is known for his works on North American prehistory. Contemporary Lithic Analysis in the Southeast: Problems, Solutions, and Interpretations. The University
Philip_J._Carr
Australian archaeologist
to lithic analysis. He has produced major works developing and refining indices of reduction for retouched flakes. In addition to his work on lithic technology
Peter_Hiscock
Type of prehistoric stone artifact
Ma, Dongdong; Li, Hao; Marwick, Ben (1 June 2026). "Spherical harmonic analysis of faceted spheroids identifies shaping strategies and standardisation
Spheroid_(lithic)
Physical classification of artifacts
landscapes. Taxonomy (general) Taxonomy (biology) Seriation (archaeology) Lithic analysis Doran, J.E.; Hodson, F.R. (1975). Mathematics and Computers in Archaeology
Typology_(archaeology)
Type of stone used to produce stone tools
awls, adzes, and axes. Cupstone Lithic technology Andrefsky Jr., William (2005). Lithics: Macroscopic Approaches to Analysis (Second ed.). Cambridge University
Tool_stone
Rock shelter in South Africa
MSA 3/post-HP layers contain mostly unretouched triangular points. Lithic analysis suggests that hunter-gatherers used both Levallois and discoidal reduction
Border_Cave
Type of stone tool
denticulate tools only made up a small number of the lithic tools found at this site. The lithic tools found at this site were made from local non-flint
Denticulate_tool
Remnants of blood in forensic science
haemotaphonomy of experimental human bloodstains on techno-prehistoric lithic raw materials". Journal of Archaeological Science. 29 (7): 733–739. Bibcode:2002JArSc
Blood_residue
Millennium between 14,000 BC and 13,001 BC
presence of humans at the Meadowcroft Rockshelter site in Pennsylvania, where Lithic artefacts and hearths were found. Development of the magdalénian civilisations
14th_millennium_BC
Archaeological site in Wyoming, U.S.
1,600+ ocher pieces. Crossover immunoelectrophoresis and microwear lithic analysis were conducted on the recovered stone tools detail use in butchery
La_Prele_Mammoth_Site
Hypothesis for ancient human migrations to the Americas
their unique lithic technique, migrated to North America along pack ice in the Atlantic Ocean. Once they made it to North America, their lithic technique
Solutrean_hypothesis
American archaeologist (1971–2010)
a range of classes in the anthropology department including lithic analysis, lab analysis, Hawaiian archaeology and Anthropology 101. Bollt, Robert J
Robert_Bollt
New World prehistoric projectile
resharpen them or repair damage. This can make it difficult to identify which lithic tradition they come from. Clovis type description: Clovis is a comparatively
Clovis_point
Stone hand-tool
technically designated as "modified flakes," for lithic analysis purposes a modified flake is usually defined as a lithic flake with one or more edges that were
Uniface
Australian archaeologist (1942–2026)
edition was published in 2010. Attenbrow was an expert contributor to a lithics workshop hosted at the Australian Museum and funded by the Australian Institute
Val_Attenbrow
Prehistoric period: Copper Age
analysis of six archaeological sites determined a marked downward trend in not only material quality, but also in aesthetic variation in the lithic artefacts
Chalcolithic
Prehistoric stone tool
hammerstone is a hard cobble used to strike off lithic flakes from a lump of tool stone during the process of lithic reduction. The hammerstone is a rather universal
Hammerstone
Journal of Alabama Archaeology. 51 (1–2). Wilmsen, Edwin (1971). Lithic Analysis and Cultural Inference: A Paleo-Indian Case. Tucson, Arizona: Anthropological
Quad_Site
Archaeological theory
Asians is a result of long-standing continuity. Turner created a cluster analysis of MMD values in order to test existing hypotheses of origins, concluding
Two_layer_hypothesis
Prehistoric migration from Asia to the Americas
southwards. Pre-LGM lithic evidence in Siberia indicates a settled lifestyle that was based on local resources, while post-LGM lithic evidence indicates
Peopling_of_the_Americas
American archaeologist
months at the Lithic Laboratory of the Ohio Historical Society. It was during this period that Crabtree was called upon as an advisor in lithic studies to
Don_Crabtree
Archaeological site in Morocco
synchrotron analysis that suggested "a modern developmental pattern." The stone tool/lithic assemblage has been associated with Mousterian lithic assemblages
Jebel_Irhoud
Overview of and topical guide to archaeology
robbing Ground-penetrating radar Harris matrix Law of superposition Lithic analysis Post excavation Projectile point Radiocarbon dating Relationship Seriation
Outline_of_archaeology
Academic department at UCL
laboratories for conservation teaching and research, GIS, photography, lithic analysis and for environmental teaching and research activities. The Institute
UCL_Institute_of_Archaeology
Topics referred to by the same term
transcribing RNA Termination type, in lithic reduction, a characteristic indicating the manner in which the distal end of a lithic flake detaches from a core Chain
Termination
Japanese prehistorian and lithic expert
XVIII: 45–58. Ohnuma, K (1998). Lithic Artifacts from Haditha, Iraq. Al-Rafidan XIX: 33–52. Ohnuma, K (2002). Lithic Artifacts from Tell Taban, Hassake
Katsuhiko_Ohnuma
Mayan archaeological site
(2009). Elite Craft Producers, Artists, and Warriors at Aguateca: Lithic Analysis. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press. ISBN 978-0-87480-959-6.
Aguateca
radiocarbon modelling, ancient DNA analysis, micromorphology, archaeobotany, archaeozoology, isotopic studies, and lithic analysis. Svinjarička Čuka lies in southern
Svinjarička_Čuka
American archeologist (born 1973)
research on several topics, including coastal archaeological survey, lithic analysis, site formation processes, and colonial-era ethnohistory. Ives supports
Timothy_Ives
English archaeologist, specializing in South Asian archaeology
studying under Professor Frederick Zeuner to broaden her knowledge of the lithic industries of the Old World. It was here in 1950 that Bridget met fellow
Bridget_Allchin
Characteristic in lithic reduction
In lithic reduction, termination type is a characteristic indicating the manner in which the distal end of a lithic flake detaches from a core (Andrefsky
Termination_type
Classification term given to the first peoples who entered the American continents
Paleo-Indians are generally classified by lithic reduction or lithic core "styles" and by regional adaptations. Lithic technology fluted spear points, like
Paleo-Indians
Village in Krasnoyarsk, Russia
the Kotuy river that Zhdanikha is adjacent to, but excavations and lithic analysis imply that the village as it is known today was likely first inhabited
Zhdanikha
Roman archaeological site
Survey geophysical electrical resistance Sondage Burnt layer Excavation Lithic analysis Post-excavation Subfields Chronology Deep-Time Prehistoric Protohistoric
Los_Bañales
Prehistoric tool type
unifacial tools thought to have been used for hideworking and woodworking. Many lithic analysts maintain that the only true scrapers are defined on the base of
Scraper_(archaeology)
Stone tool
bifacial (with two wide sides or faces) and almond-shaped (amygdaloid) lithic flake. Hand axes tend to be symmetrical along their longitudinal axis and
Hand_axe
Type of sedimentary rock
composition from NaAlSi3O8 to CaAl2Si2O8. Lithic framework grains (also called lithic fragments or lithic clasts) are pieces of ancient source rock that
Sandstone
Natural mummy of a Chalcolithic man from Europe
Patrizia; Pelegrin, Jacques (2018). Petraglia, Michael D. (ed.). "The Iceman's lithic toolkit: Raw material, technology, typology and use". PLOS ONE. 13 (6) e0198292
Ötzi
American Antiquity. Vol. 18, No. 4. pp. 305–13. Odell, George H. (2004). Lithic Analysis. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 7. O'Brien, Michael J. and R
Albert_Spaulding
Memory aid device
Grooves Langdale axe industry Levallois technique Lithic core Lithic reduction analysis debitage flake Lithic technology Magdalenian culture Metallurgy Microblade
Tally_stick
Cave and archaeological site in Pakistan
scrapers, quartz tools, blades, flakes, etc. Bhimbetka rock shelters Lithic analysis Upinder Singh (2008). A History of Ancient and Early Medieval India:
Sanghao_Cave
Survey geophysical electrical resistance Sondage Burnt layer Excavation Lithic analysis Post-excavation Subfields Chronology Deep-Time Prehistoric Protohistoric
List_of_Assyriologists
Upper Paleolithic engraving of a human figure
removed from the bone's surface near the base of the Later Upper Palaeolithic lithic distribution. Pinhole Cave Man has been shown in various places: It was
Pinhole_Cave_Man
European Upper Paleolithic culture
diachronic discontinuities and regionalization: The contribution of the analysis of the lithic industries from Grotta della Serratura (Strata 10-9) in the definition
Epigravettian
Period of technological development
stones like chert, quartz, or obsidian. Blades are a specialized type of lithic flake that are at least twice as long as they are wide. An alternate method
Microblade_technology
Archaeological site in Alabama
with 2002 being the concluding field season for the site. The first lithic analysis was conducted on 130 chipped stone tools from the test unit F. These
Dust_Cave
American archaeologist
Anthropologist 7:93–104. •Broster, J. B., and M. R. Norton. 1990. Lithic Analysis and Paleo-Indian Utilization of the Twelkemeier Site (40HS173). Tennessee
John_Broster
Period in African prehistory
tools that may include wood or bone, often abruptly retouched or backed The lithic technologies of the Later Stone Age often fall into Modes 4 and 5. They
Late_Stone_Age
US archaeological site
the Murphy site. However, the amount of lithic findings also suggest the site was partially purposed for lithic harvesting and manufacturing. The findings
Taber_Well_Site
Chinese archaeologist
Shandong University, dedicated to archaeobotany, zooarchaeology, and lithic analysis. In December 2009, she held the position of Deputy Director of the
Jin_Guiyun
Archaeological site in western Idaho, USA
in the same horizontal position, and 9 other lithic tools (one large uniface, three blades, two lithic cores, two modified flake tools, and a hammerstone)
Cooper's_Ferry_site
Prehistoric ivory sculpture discovered in the Hohlenstein-Stadel, a cave in Germany
II just one week later meant that the fieldwork was left incomplete and analysis of the finds was not undertaken. The excavation trenches were back-filled
Lion-man of Hohlenstein-Stadel
Lion-man_of_Hohlenstein-Stadel
Paleolithic artefact from South Africa
Grooves Langdale axe industry Levallois technique Lithic core Lithic reduction analysis debitage flake Lithic technology Magdalenian culture Metallurgy Microblade
Lebombo_bone
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