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Permanent bond dipole due to electron-rich or -poor groups in a molecule
In organic chemistry, the inductive effect in a molecule is a local change in the electron density due to electron-withdrawing or electron-donating groups
Inductive_effect
Chemical polarity due to interactions between pi bonds or lone pairs
by the inductive effect. The mesomeric effect as a result of p-orbital overlap (resonance) has absolutely no effect on this inductive effect, as the
Mesomeric_effect
Measure of the tendency of an acid to dissociate
an acidic bond through the inductive effect, resulting in a smaller p K a {\displaystyle \mathrm {p} K_{a}} value. The effect decreases, the further the
Acid_strength
Rule in geometry of individual molecules
increased JCH coupling constants. The inductive effect can be explained with Bent's rule. The inductive effect is the transmission of charge through covalent
Bent's_rule
Anomaly in chemical reactivity of certain organic molecules
order in reactivity cannot be explained solely by an inductive effect of substituents. This effect was described in 1935 by John W. Baker and W. S. Nathan
Baker–Nathan_effect
Cognitive bias about one's own skill
The Dunning–Kruger effect is a cognitive bias that describes the systematic tendency of people with low ability in a specific area to give overly positive
Dunning–Kruger_effect
electron-withdrawing inductive effect (known as the -I effect). They also exhibit electron-withdrawing resonance effects, (known as the -M effect): Thus, these
Electrophilic aromatic directing groups
Electrophilic_aromatic_directing_groups
Chemical polarization due to intramolecular electron displacement
electromeric effect is often considered along with the inductive effect as types of electron displacement. Although some people refer to it as an effect produced
Electromeric_effect
Topics referred to by the same term
birth) Induction period, slow stage of a reaction Inductive cleavage, in organic chemistry Inductive effect, change in electron density Asymmetric induction
Induction
Opposition to current by inductance or capacitance
Hence, inductive reactance is an opposition to the change of current through an element. For an ideal inductor in an AC circuit, the inhibitive effect on
Electrical_reactance
Polarisation of a molecule through space due to localised electric charge
acidity) inductively. If induction was the dominant effect in these compounds, acidity should increase linearly with the number of available inductive pathways
Field_effect_(chemistry)
Device which uses electromagnetic induction to sense objects
An inductive sensor is an electronic device that operates based on the principle of electromagnetic induction to detect or measure nearby metallic objects
Inductive_sensor
Atom set which has replaced hydrogen atoms on a hydrocarbon's parent chain
between isomers. Substituents can be a combination of the inductive effect and the mesomeric effect. Such effects are also described as electron-rich and
Substituent
Ratio of active power to apparent power
that act to cancel the inductive or capacitive effects of the load, respectively. In the case of offsetting the inductive effect of motor loads, capacitors
Power_factor
Influences on a molecule's properties not due to bonds or geometry
electronegativity of the atoms involved. The inductive effect drops across every sigma bond involved limiting its effect to only a few bonds. Conjugation is a
Electronic_effect
Class of chemical substituents
substitution reactions. Electron-withdrawing groups exert an "inductive" or "electron-pulling" effect on covalent bonds. The strength of the electron-withdrawing
Electron-withdrawing_group
Chemical reaction which attaches an electrophile to an aromatic ring
on kinetics can be explained by both resonance structures and the inductive effect. Substituents can generally be divided into two classes regarding electrophilic
Electrophilic aromatic substitution
Electrophilic_aromatic_substitution
Free-energy relationship in organic chemistry
inductive effect (−I) and also by a negative mesomeric effect (−M). The next set of substituents are the halogens, for which the substituent effect is
Hammett_equation
Affect on molecular properties due to spatial arrangement of electron orbitals
interact, the stereoelectronic effect, along with the steric effect, inductive effect, solvent effect, mesomeric effect, and aromaticity, is an important
Stereoelectronic_effect
Method of logical reasoning
Inductive reasoning refers to a variety of methods of reasoning in which the conclusion of an argument is supported with some degree of probability, but
Inductive_reasoning
"electron-withdrawal" effect and thereby reduce the basicity. To this end, trimethylamine is a more potent base than merely ammonia, due to the inductive effect of the
Organic_base
In-camera effect (filming) (special effects) Incidental effect (European Union law) Indirect effect (European Union law) Inductive effect (chemical bonding)
List_of_effects
Class of chemical compounds
where X is hydrogen or halogen, and at least one X is a halogen. The inductive effect caused by the electronegative halogens often results in the higher
Haloacetic_acid
Analytic scientific technique
Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), also referred to as inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES)
Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy
Inductively_coupled_plasma_atomic_emission_spectroscopy
Physical field surrounding an electric charge
steady state (stationary charges and currents), the Maxwell-Faraday inductive effect disappears. The resulting two equations (Gauss's law ∇⋅𝐄=ρε0 and Faraday's
Electric_field
Question of whether inductive reasoning leads to definitive knowledge
known as "inductive inferences". David Hume, who first formulated the problem in 1739, argued that there is no non-circular way to justify inductive inferences
Problem_of_induction
Chemical group, –C(=O)CH3
carbon of the acetyl group is enhanced by the electron-withdrawing inductive effect of the neighbouring group (acetoxy- and chloro-, respectively), and
Acetyl_group
Organoantimony-based Lewis acids are organoantimony compounds that exhibit the property of Lewis acidity. The high Lewis acidity of antimony pentafluoride
Organoantimony-based Lewis acids
Organoantimony-based_Lewis_acids
American chemist
State University Thesis Preparation of the pyridal acetones and the inductive effect of nitrogen on the dehydration of the intermediate aldols polymerization
John_Kenneth_Stille
Quantum physical phenomenon
Superconducting quantum computing uses Josephson junctions as nonlinear inductive elements in qubits such as in a transmon or flux qubit or other schemes
Josephson_effect
Development of a mechanized state of mind
remaining problems. The Einstellung effect can be supported by theories of inductive reasoning. In a nutshell, inductive reasoning is the act of inferring
Einstellung_effect
Devices that measure magnetic field strength using the Hall effect
sensing electrodes' axis. Hall-effect sensors respond both to static magnetic fields and to changing ones. (Inductive sensors, in contrast, only respond
Hall-effect_sensor
Magnetic perturbation of imperfectly coupled transformers
{\displaystyle L_{M}} is magnetizing inductance k {\displaystyle k} is inductive coupling coefficient Measuring basic transformer inductances & coupling
Leakage_inductance
Regions of an electromagnetic field
electrons in the antenna as the changing magnetic field causes a self-inductive effect on the antenna that generated it. This returns energy to the antenna
Near_and_far_field
Dissociation of molecular ions
α-cleavage. The driving force of charge site-initiated fragmentation is the inductive effect of the charge site in radical cations. The electrons from the bond
Fragmentation (mass spectrometry)
Fragmentation_(mass_spectrometry)
Psychological effect that people learn more by spreading studying out in time
evidence that the lag effect is present when recalling word lists. In 2008, Kornell and Bjork published a study that suggested inductive learning is more effective
Spacing_effect
Tendency of an atom to attract a shared pair of electrons
synonymously. However, it is common to distinguish between the inductive effect and the resonance effect, which might be described as σ- and π-electronegativities
Electronegativity
Cleavage of chemical bonds by the addition of water
terms of Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory. This effect is easily explained by considering the inductive effect of the positively charged metal ion, which weakens
Hydrolysis
the heteroatom or increase the acidity of the ring carbons via an inductive effect. Toluene derivatives with heteroatom-containing substituents in the
Heteroatom-promoted lateral lithiation
Heteroatom-promoted_lateral_lithiation
Antioxidant
density of the phenolic hydroxyl moiety through the inductive effect and the hyperconjugation effect, reduce the bond dissociation energy of the phenolic
Butylated_hydroxytoluene
Organic cation
isolate the inductive effect of heteroatomic a-substituents because other electronic effects get in the way. However, one way inductive effects of functional
Vinyl_cation
Organic compound (C6H5NH2); simplest aromatic amine
Traditionally, the weak basicity of aniline is attributed to a combination of inductive effect from the more electronegative sp2 carbon and resonance effects, as
Aniline
The three alkyl groups on the tertiary carbon contribute to a strong inductive effect. This is because each alkyl group will share its electron density with
Tertiary_carbon
neutral hydride, allyl, and nitrosyl (see figure) derivatives. The inductive effect of substituents on the pyrazolyl groups is illustrated by the values
Trispyrazolylborate
Bias confirming existing attitudes
confirmation bias produces systematic errors in scientific research based on inductive reasoning (the gradual accumulation of supportive evidence). Similarly
Confirmation_bias
Electric charge generated in certain solids due to mechanical stress
operating it above its resonant frequency, it can be made to appear as an inductive load, which is useful in circuits that require a controlled soft start
Piezoelectricity
Type of field-effect transistor
metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET, MOS-FET, MOS FET, or MOS transistor) is a type of field-effect transistor (FET), most commonly
MOSFET
Method of identifying trace chemicals
ones. An example is depicted below. This reaction results from the inductive effect of the radical sites, as depicted below. This reaction is defined as
Mass_spectral_interpretation
rare-earth metal molybdates. Dalton Trans. 3, 668–672 (1981) due to the inductive effect Eftekhari, Ali (2017). "LiFePO4/C Nanocomposites for Lithium-Ion Batteries"
Lithium-ion battery components
Lithium-ion_battery_components
Production of voltage by a varying magnetic field
forming Graphics tablet Hall-effect sensors Induction cooking Induction motors Induction sealing Induction welding Inductive charging Inductors Magnetic
Electromagnetic_induction
Continuation of oscillations in an oscillator circuit
interacting inductive and capacitive elements in the oscillator. Circuits undergoing such oscillations are said to be flywheeling. The flywheel effect may be
Flywheel_effect
Type of electric propulsion system
In spacecraft propulsion, a Hall-effect thruster (HET, sometimes referred to as a Hall thruster or Hall-current thruster) is a type of ion thruster in
Hall-effect_thruster
Empirical rule in organic chemistry
the result of several factors. Alkyl groups are electron donating by inductive effect, and increase the electron density on the sigma bond of the alkene
Zaytsev's_rule
Type of transistor
driving inductive loads such as electric motors, especially medium-powered brushless DC motors. The HIGFET (heterostructure insulated-gate field-effect transistor)
Field-effect_transistor
Type of detection system
An induction or inductive loop is an electromagnetic communication or detection system which uses a moving magnet or an alternating current to induce
Induction_loop
American materials scientist (1922–2023)
polyanions, e.g., sulfates, produce higher voltages than oxides due to the inductive effect of the polyanion. The polyanion class includes materials such as lithium-iron
John_B._Goodenough
Flowering plant in the St John's wort family
brackets is the IC50/EC50 value depending on whether it is an inhibitory or inductive action being exhibited, respectively. As with last note Values given in
Hypericum_perforatum
Heterocyclic aromatic organic compound
density is not evenly distributed over the ring, reflecting the negative inductive effect of the nitrogen atom. For this reason, pyridine has a dipole moment
Pyridine
Conclusion made on the basis of one or few instances of a phenomenon
is the fallacy of denying the logical conclusion of an inductive argument, dismissing an effect as "just a coincidence" when it is very likely not. The
Faulty_generalization
Class of chemical compounds
bonds also strengthen the "skeletal" carbon–carbon bonds from the inductive effect. Therefore, saturated fluorocarbons are more chemically and thermally
Fluorocarbon
Organic ion with a negatively charged carbon atom
carbanions are determined by the substituents on carbon. These include the inductive effect. Electronegative atoms adjacent to the charge will stabilize the charge;
Carbanion
Form of cognitive bias
coined by Yale researchers Leonid Rozenblit and Frank Keil in 2002. The effect was observed in only one type of knowledge called explanatory knowledge
Illusion_of_explanatory_depth
Obsolete postulated medium for the propagation of light
whether the inductive effect of two wire rolls upon a third one is influenced by the direction of Earth's motion. Lorentz showed that this effect is cancelled
Luminiferous_aether
Overview of the events of the development of lithium-ion battery
polyanions, e.g., sulfates, produce higher voltages than oxides due to the inductive effect of the polyanion. This polyanion class contains materials such as lithium
History of the lithium-ion battery
History_of_the_lithium-ion_battery
Processes which grow and shape an organism's nervous tissue over its lifetime(s)
lip can convert ectoderm into neural tissue and is said to have an inductive effect. Neural inducers are molecules that can induce the expression of neural
Development of the nervous system
Development_of_the_nervous_system
Device used to suppress some phenomenon
mechanical systems. Snubbers are frequently used in electrical systems with an inductive load where the sudden interruption of current flow leads to a large
Snubber
Electrical resonant transformer circuit
magazine, June 1900. The caption reads: "EXPERIMENT TO ILLUSTRATE AN INDUCTIVE EFFECT OF AN ELECTRICAL OSCILLATOR OF GREAT POWER - The photograph shows three
History_of_the_Tesla_coil
Tendency of AC current flow in a conductor's outer layer
In electromagnetism, skin effect is the tendency of an alternating electric current (AC) to become distributed within a conductor such that the current
Skin_effect
Organometallic chemical compound
cobaltocenium system to the inductive effect of the alkyl groups, further stabilising the 18-valence electron species. A similar effect is seen in the rhodocenium
Rhodocene
Mechanisms that form the human nervous system
lip can convert ectoderm into neural tissue and is said to have an inductive effect. Neural inducers are molecules that can induce the expression of neural
Development of the nervous system in humans
Development_of_the_nervous_system_in_humans
Chemical compound
group, so-called homocamptothecin (hCPT). The hCPT's hydroxyl has less inductive effect on the carboxyl group which makes the lactone very reactive. This enhances
Camptothecin
Vacuum tube used for amplifying radio waves
The inductive output tube (IOT) or klystrode is a variety of linear-beam vacuum tube, similar to a klystron, used as a power amplifier for high frequency
Inductive_output_tube
Properties and behavior of hydrated cations in aqueous solution
increasing negative charge on the water molecules, the increasing inductive effect stemming from the higher electric fields, and increasing geometrical
Metal ions in aqueous solution
Metal_ions_in_aqueous_solution
Inclination for or against
well as a general bias against women who are going into STEM research. Inductive bias occurs within the field of machine learning. In machine learning
Bias
Effect in electronics
bandwidths. The derivation of the phase inverted signal usually requires an inductive component such as a choke or an inter-stage transformer. In vacuum tubes
Miller_effect
Sensor device
are non contact type. These modern non contact TPS include Hall effect sensors, inductive sensors, magnetoresistive and others. In the potentiometric type
Throttle_position_sensor
Phenomenon with inductive coupling
Resonant inductive coupling or magnetic phase synchronous coupling is a phenomenon with inductive coupling in which the coupling becomes stronger when
Resonant_inductive_coupling
Molecule that delivers the amino acid to the ribosome during translation
The charged amino group can destabilize the aa-tRNA bond via the inductive effect. The elongation factor EF-Tu has been shown to stabilize the bond by
Aminoacyl-tRNA
Indian-American material scientist, solid-state chemist, and professor
polyanions, e.g., sulfates, produce higher voltages than oxides due to the inductive effect of the polyanion. These polyanion cathodes are also used in sodium
Arumugam_Manthiram
Increase in voltage at a long AC power line
and lower electrical impedance. An equivalent to the Ferranti effect occurs when inductive current flows through a series capacitance. Indeed, a 90 ∘ {\displaystyle
Ferranti_effect
American chemist (1895–1957)
highly substituted carbocations are stabilized by the electron-pushing inductive effect of the surrounding carbon molecules. Kharasch, in his seminal 1933
Morris_S._Kharasch
Linear circuit that produces an output voltage that is a fraction of its input voltage
calculate the magnitude of the ratio, that is: |VoutVin|=11+(ωRC)2 . Inductive dividers split AC input according to inductance: Vout=L2L1+L2⋅Vin (with
Voltage_divider
Physical phenomenon
also considered as a side effect of accidental or intentional application of mechanical stresses to the magnetic core of inductive component, e.g. fluxgates
Inverse magnetostrictive effect
Inverse_magnetostrictive_effect
Heuristics in automated theorem proving
of inductive proofs. Alan Bundy later turned this concept on its head by defining rippling to be this pattern of movement, rather than a side effect.[citation
Rippling
Chemical compound
as porphyrin, porphyrazine, and phthalocyanine. Due to the negative inductive effect of the eight extra electron-withdrawing nitrogen atoms in the TPz structure
Tetrapyrazinoporphyrazine
Type of spacecraft propulsion using electrical energy to accelerate propellant
electrostatic ion engines, Hall-effect thrusters, pulsed plasma thrusters, magnetoplasmadynamic thrusters, pulsed inductive thrusters, electrothermal thrusters
Spacecraft electric propulsion
Spacecraft_electric_propulsion
Form of electric spacecraft propulsion
positively charged ion stream to prevent charging of the spacecraft. Pulsed inductive thrusters (PITs) use pulses instead of continuous thrust and have the
Ion_thruster
Chemical compound
radical the fluorine atom is an electron-withdrawing group via the inductive effect but also a weak pi donor through interaction of the fluorine lone pair
Trifluoromethylation
Free-energy relationship in organic chemistry
constant, σ, is composed of two independent terms: an inductive effect σI and a resonance polar effect σR. These components represent the consequences of
Yukawa–Tsuno_equation
Spacecraft propulsion device
Magnetoplasmadynamic thruster, electric propulsion using the Lorentz force Pulsed inductive thruster, a pulsed form of ion thruster Pulsed plasma thruster, using
Thrusters_(spacecraft)
Form of mathematical proof
Despite its name, mathematical induction differs fundamentally from inductive reasoning as used in philosophy, in which the examination of many cases
Mathematical_induction
Passive two-terminal electrical component that stores energy in its magnetic field
turns of the wire. A capacitive reactance rises with frequency while inductive reactance falls. At a certain frequency, the inductor will behave as a
Inductor
Type of electric propulsion
the operation of most pulsed plasma thrusters.[citation needed] Pulsed inductive thrusters (PIT) also use the Lorentz force to generate thrust, but they
Plasma_propulsion_engine
Type of spacecraft plasma propulsion system
A pulsed inductive thruster (PIT) is a form of ion thruster, used in spacecraft propulsion. It is a plasma propulsion engine using perpendicular electric
Pulsed_inductive_thruster
Type of field-effect transistor
A ChemFET is a chemically-sensitive field-effect transistor, that is a field-effect transistor used as a sensor for measuring chemical concentrations
Chemical field-effect transistor
Chemical_field-effect_transistor
Any chemical compound having at least one fluorine atom
polarizability). As a part of a molecule, it is a part with great inductive effect. In the latter case, it significantly increases the acidity of a molecule:
Fluorine_compounds
Voltage-spike stopping diode across an inductor
spike seen across an inductive load when its supply current is suddenly reduced or interrupted. It is used in circuits in which inductive loads are controlled
Flyback_diode
Organic compound with a –C≡N functional group
decrease the electron density of aromatic compounds through a strong inductive effect, useful to modulate π-π interactions between a drug and an aryl amino
Nitrile
Short duration voltage transient in an electrical circuit
energy distributed typically up to the 100 kHz and 1 MHz frequency range. Inductive spikes In the design of critical infrastructure and military hardware
Voltage_spike
Phenomenon in ferromagnetism
The Barkhausen effect is a name given to the noise in the magnetic output of a ferromagnet when the magnetizing force applied to it is changed. Discovered
Barkhausen_effect
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INDUCTIVE EFFECT
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