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IMPACT IONIZATION

  • Impact ionization
  • Process in atomic physics

    Impact ionization is the process in a material by which one energetic charge carrier can lose energy by the creation of other charge carriers. For example

    Impact ionization

    Impact ionization

    Impact_ionization

  • Electron ionization
  • Ionization technique

    Electron ionization (EI, formerly known as electron impact ionization and electron bombardment ionization) is an ionization method in which energetic electrons

    Electron ionization

    Electron ionization

    Electron_ionization

  • Paschen's law
  • Physical law about electrical discharge in gases

    {\displaystyle x=0} . To get impact ionization, the electron energy E e {\displaystyle E_{e}} must become greater than the ionization energy E I {\displaystyle

    Paschen's law

    Paschen's law

    Paschen's_law

  • Ionization
  • Process by which atoms or molecules acquire charge by gaining or losing electrons

    radiation detectors such as the Geiger-Müller counter or the ionization chamber. The ionization process is widely used in a variety of equipment in fundamental

    Ionization

    Ionization

    Ionization

  • IMPATT diode
  • Type of high-power semiconductor diode

    An IMPATT diode (impact ionization avalanche transit-time diode) is a form of high-power semiconductor diode used in high-frequency microwave electronics

    IMPATT diode

    IMPATT_diode

  • Molar ionization energies of the elements
  • Table of molar ionization energies for the chemical elements

    atomic ions. The first molar ionization energy applies to the neutral atoms. The second, third, etc., molar ionization energy applies to the further

    Molar ionization energies of the elements

    Molar_ionization_energies_of_the_elements

  • Kang L. Wang
  • Taiwanese physicist (born 1941)

    1970, respectively. His doctoral dissertation was titled, "Electron impact ionization cross sections for carbon vapor". After receiving his doctorate, Wang

    Kang L. Wang

    Kang L. Wang

    Kang_L._Wang

  • Space dust measurement
  • science communities. Dust accelerators are used for impact cratering studies, calibration of impact ionization dust detectors, and meteor studies. Only electrically

    Space dust measurement

    Space dust measurement

    Space_dust_measurement

  • Ionizing radiation
  • Harmful high-frequency radiation

    nanometers). Roughly, this corresponds to both the first ionization energy of oxygen, and the ionization energy of hydrogen, both about 14 eV. In some Environmental

    Ionizing radiation

    Ionizing radiation

    Ionizing_radiation

  • Penning ionization
  • Ionization process

    Penning ionization is a form of chemi-ionization, an ionization process involving reactions between neutral atoms or molecules. The Penning effect is

    Penning ionization

    Penning_ionization

  • Auger effect
  • Physical phenomenon

    effect is known as impact ionization. The Auger effect can impact biological molecules such as DNA. Following the K-shell ionization of the component atoms

    Auger effect

    Auger effect

    Auger_effect

  • Avalanche photodiode
  • Highly sensitive semiconductor electronic device

    p-n junctions predate this patent. Photodiodes generally operate by impact ionization, whereby a photon provides the energy to separate charge carriers

    Avalanche photodiode

    Avalanche photodiode

    Avalanche_photodiode

  • Soft Ionization by Chemical Reaction in Transfer
  • Ionization Method

    Soft Ionization by Chemical Reaction in Transfer is a method for ionizing small organic compounds at ambient atmospheric pressure. It is used for ion generation

    Soft Ionization by Chemical Reaction in Transfer

    Soft_Ionization_by_Chemical_Reaction_in_Transfer

  • Extreme ultraviolet
  • Ultraviolet light with a wavelength of 10–121nm

    electron kinetic energy = ionization potential + tertiary electron kinetic energy Nth generation electron slows down aside from ionization by heating (phonon

    Extreme ultraviolet

    Extreme ultraviolet

    Extreme_ultraviolet

  • Snapback (electrical)
  • mechanism in a bipolar transistor in which avalanche breakdown or impact ionization provides a sufficient base current to turn on the transistor. It is

    Snapback (electrical)

    Snapback_(electrical)

  • Impact event
  • Collision of two astronomical objects

    thermal extraction-thermal ionization mass spectrometer Pb dating of zircon: Application to crystallization of the Sudbury impact melt sheet". Geology. 36

    Impact event

    Impact event

    Impact_event

  • Solar flare
  • Eruption of electromagnetic radiation

    neutral species and via secondary ionization due to collisions with the latter, or so-called photoelectron impact ionization. In the process of thermalization

    Solar flare

    Solar flare

    Solar_flare

  • Electron excitation
  • Transfer of a bound electron to a more energetic state

    recombination, impact ionization, ...) absorption / emission of a photon, absorption of several photons (so called multiphoton ionization); e.g., quasi-monochromatic

    Electron excitation

    Electron excitation

    Electron_excitation

  • Plasma (physics)
  • State of matter

    temperatures are usually needed to sustain ionization, which is a defining feature of a plasma. The degree of plasma ionization is determined by the electron temperature

    Plasma (physics)

    Plasma (physics)

    Plasma_(physics)

  • Venus Orbiter Mission
  • Planned Indian Venus orbiter

    Venus atmosphere. Venus Orbit Dust Experiment (VODEX): VODEX is an impact ionization dust detector made of thin sheet or foil of gold plate. The major

    Venus Orbiter Mission

    Venus Orbiter Mission

    Venus_Orbiter_Mission

  • Streamer discharge
  • Type of transient electric discharge

    the electron loses the corresponding energy. Impact ionization, where the neutral particle becomes ionized, with the incident electron losing the energy

    Streamer discharge

    Streamer discharge

    Streamer_discharge

  • DIAC
  • Type of diode

    gate terminal. When breakdown occurs, internal positive feedback (impact ionization or two transistor feedback) ensures that the diode enters a region

    DIAC

    DIAC

    DIAC

  • Snapback
  • Topics referred to by the same term

    whereby a bipolar transistor turns on due to avalanche breakdown or impact ionization providing base current Snapback (hat), a hat which is snapped in the

    Snapback

    Snapback

  • Atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization
  • Ionization method

    Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) is an ionization method used in mass spectrometry which utilizes gas-phase ion-molecule reactions at atmospheric

    Atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization

    Atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization

    Atmospheric-pressure_chemical_ionization

  • Capacitance
  • Ability of a body to store an electrical charge

    drift and diffusion, trapping, injection, contact-related effects, impact ionization, etc. As a result, device admittance is frequency-dependent, and a

    Capacitance

    Capacitance

    Capacitance

  • Kurt H. Becker
  • Physicist and entrepreneur

    Becker (2015). "Calculated electron ionization cross sections of the alkali atoms and the hydrogen spin ionization asymmetry". The European Physical Journal

    Kurt H. Becker

    Kurt_H._Becker

  • Mass spectrometry
  • Analytical technique based on determining mass to charge ratio of ions

    formation. For example, ionized NF3 contains F−, which abstracts proton. Electrospray ionization (ESI) and thermospray ionization (TSI) are suited for high

    Mass spectrometry

    Mass spectrometry

    Mass_spectrometry

  • Radiation
  • Waves or particles moving through space

    requires only single particles to cause ionization. A familiar example of thermal ionization is the flame-ionization of a common fire, and the browning reactions

    Radiation

    Radiation

    Radiation

  • Electron avalanche
  • Process in electrical breakdown

    subsequently collide with other atoms of the medium, thereby ionizing them (impact ionization). This releases additional electrons which accelerate and collide

    Electron avalanche

    Electron_avalanche

  • Residual gas analyzer
  • Small mass spectrometer

    electron-impact ionization of gaseous species, with the effects similar to outgassing effects. This is frequently counteracted by gold-plating the ionizer which

    Residual gas analyzer

    Residual gas analyzer

    Residual_gas_analyzer

  • Ion
  • Particle, atom or molecule with a net electrical charge

    with less net electric charge is called the ionization potential, or ionization energy. The nth ionization energy of an atom is the energy required to

    Ion

    Ion

    Ion

  • Multiple exciton generation
  • Concept in quantum electronics

    still under debate and several possibilities have been suggested: 1) Impact ionization: light excites a high-energy exciton (X) which decays irreversibly

    Multiple exciton generation

    Multiple exciton generation

    Multiple_exciton_generation

  • Charge-coupled device
  • Digital imaging circuit

    number of stages. In each stage, the electrons are multiplied by impact ionization in a similar way to an avalanche diode. The gain probability at every

    Charge-coupled device

    Charge-coupled device

    Charge-coupled_device

  • Chemical ionization
  • Technique in mass spectroscopy

    Chemical ionization (CI) is a soft ionization technique used in mass spectrometry. This was first introduced by Burnaby Munson and Frank H. Field in 1966

    Chemical ionization

    Chemical ionization

    Chemical_ionization

  • Majeed Hayat
  • Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

    Electronics Engineers (IEEE) in 2014 for contributions to the modeling of impact ionization and noise in avalanche-photodiode devices. "2014 elevated fellow"

    Majeed Hayat

    Majeed_Hayat

  • Thermionic converter
  • Power generation device

    electrode work functions and provide an ion supply (by surface ionization or electron impact ionization in a plasma) to neutralize the electron space charge. From

    Thermionic converter

    Thermionic_converter

  • Wide-bandgap semiconductor
  • Semiconductor materials with a larger band gap

    particularly on the development of wide-bandgap nitride semiconductors. Impact ionization is often attributed to be the cause of breakdown. At the point of

    Wide-bandgap semiconductor

    Wide-bandgap_semiconductor

  • Ionization instability
  • ionization instability occurs from a feedback effect, when electrons produced by ionization go on to produce still more electrons through ionization in

    Ionization instability

    Ionization_instability

  • Cosmic Dust Analyzer
  • Scientific instrument on Cassini spacecraft

    dust analyzer (time-of-flight mass spectrometer), a highly reliable impact ionization detector, and two high rate polarized polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)

    Cosmic Dust Analyzer

    Cosmic Dust Analyzer

    Cosmic_Dust_Analyzer

  • Electrical susceptance
  • Imaginary part of electrical admittance

    and diffusion, trapping, injection, contact-related effects, and impact ionization. As a result, device admittance is frequency-dependent, and the simple

    Electrical susceptance

    Electrical_susceptance

  • Bipolar junction transistor
  • Transistor that uses both electrons and holes as charge carriers

    voltage is allowed to rise, and current flows avalanche occurs and impact ionization in the collector base depletion region rapidly floods the base with

    Bipolar junction transistor

    Bipolar junction transistor

    Bipolar_junction_transistor

  • Chain reaction
  • Self-amplifying chain of events

    process called impact ionization. Acceleration of these free electrons in a strong electric field causes them to gain energy, and when they impact other atoms

    Chain reaction

    Chain_reaction

  • Avalanche transistor
  • Bipolar junction transistor operated in the avalanche breakdown region

    for use in avalanche mode, gave rise to an extensive research on impact ionization in semiconductors (see Kennedy & O'Brien (1966)). From the beginning

    Avalanche transistor

    Avalanche_transistor

  • Shockley–Queisser limit
  • Maximum theoretical efficiency of a solar cell

    S2CID 46185590. P. Werner; K. Held & M. Eckstein (2014). "Role of impact ionization in the thermalization of photoexcited Mott insulators". Phys. Rev

    Shockley–Queisser limit

    Shockley–Queisser limit

    Shockley–Queisser_limit

  • Ionized-air glow
  • Optical phenomenon

    Water vapor and small water droplets ionize and dissociate easier than large droplets, therefore have higher impact on color.[citation needed] The hydrogen

    Ionized-air glow

    Ionized-air glow

    Ionized-air_glow

  • Photodetector
  • Sensors of light or other electromagnetic energy

    have a high electric field region near the PN junction, which causes impact ionization and produces additional electron-hole pairs. This internal amplification

    Photodetector

    Photodetector

    Photodetector

  • Polypyrrole
  • Polymer

    Khawaja, Nozair; Kupihár, Zoltan; Postberg, Frank; Srama, Ralf (2024). "Impact Ionization Mass Spectra of Polypyrrole-Coated Anthracene Microparticles: A Useful

    Polypyrrole

    Polypyrrole

    Polypyrrole

  • Tetracarbon dioxide
  • Chemical compound

    obtained in the same year by Detlev Sülzle and Helmut Schwartz through impact ionization of ((CH3-)2(C4O2)(=O)2=)2 in the gas phase. Although theoretical studies

    Tetracarbon dioxide

    Tetracarbon dioxide

    Tetracarbon_dioxide

  • Proximity effect (electron beam lithography)
  • collisions with electrons and via inelastic collision processes such as impact ionization. In the latter case, a secondary electron is created and the energy

    Proximity effect (electron beam lithography)

    Proximity_effect_(electron_beam_lithography)

  • Deblina Sarkar
  • Indian scientist and inventor

    and Kaustav Banerjee. ACS Nano, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 3992–4003, 2014. Impact-Ionization Field-Effect-Transistor Based Biosensors for Ultra-Sensitive Detection

    Deblina Sarkar

    Deblina Sarkar

    Deblina_Sarkar

  • Tetranitrogen
  • Chemical compound

    ; Märk, T. D.; Futrell, J. H.; Helm, H. (1 April 1984). "Electron impact ionization of (N2)2: Appearance energies of N+ 3 and N+ 3". Journal of Chemical

    Tetranitrogen

    Tetranitrogen

    Tetranitrogen

  • Norrish reaction
  • Photochemical reaction

    rearrangement - similar to a Type II Norrish reaction. Caused by electron impact ionization rather than light Carbon monoxide-releasing molecules Named Organic

    Norrish reaction

    Norrish_reaction

  • Geiger counter
  • Instrument used for measuring ionizing radiation

    energy particles or gamma radiation make the gas conductive by ionization. The ionization is considerably amplified within the tube by the Townsend discharge

    Geiger counter

    Geiger counter

    Geiger_counter

  • MAVEN
  • NASA Mars orbiter (2013–2025)

    in and above the ionosphere, and to measure atmospheric electron impact ionization effects. Solar Wind Ion Analyzer (SWIA) – measures solar wind and

    MAVEN

    MAVEN

    MAVEN

  • Environmental impact assessment
  • Assessment of the environmental consequences of a decision before action

    Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is the assessment of the environmental consequences of a plan, policy, program, or actual projects prior to the decision

    Environmental impact assessment

    Environmental impact assessment

    Environmental_impact_assessment

  • Galileo and Ulysses Dust Detectors
  • Dust instruments on the Galileo and Ulysses missions

    instruments are large-area (0.1  m2 sensitive area) highly reliable impact ionization detectors of sub-micron and micron sized dust particles. With these

    Galileo and Ulysses Dust Detectors

    Galileo and Ulysses Dust Detectors

    Galileo_and_Ulysses_Dust_Detectors

  • Fluorescent lamp
  • Lamp using fluorescence to produce light

    collide with and ionize noble gas atoms inside the bulb surrounding the filament to form a plasma by the process of impact ionization. As a result of avalanche

    Fluorescent lamp

    Fluorescent lamp

    Fluorescent_lamp

  • Igor Grekhov
  • Soviet and Russian physicist and electrical engineer

    30 kA, 20 ns pulse rise time) relying on this effect; Discovery of impact ionization fronts in high-voltage pn-junctions triggered by a steep voltage pulse;

    Igor Grekhov

    Igor Grekhov

    Igor_Grekhov

  • Time-of-flight mass spectrometry
  • Method of mass spectrometry

    "time-lag focusing" for ionization of atoms or molecules by resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization or by electron impact ionization in a rarefied gas and

    Time-of-flight mass spectrometry

    Time-of-flight mass spectrometry

    Time-of-flight_mass_spectrometry

  • Double ionization
  • Rapid removal of two electrons from an atom

    atoms or molecules. Double ionization is usually less probable than single-electron ionization. Two types of double ionization are distinguished: sequential

    Double ionization

    Double_ionization

  • Perovskite solar cell
  • Alternative to silicon-based photovoltaics

    energy is transferred to generate additional carriers, also known as impact ionization) within approximately 90 femtoseconds of photoexcitation, competing

    Perovskite solar cell

    Perovskite solar cell

    Perovskite_solar_cell

  • Surface Dust Analyser
  • Mass spectrometer

    time-of-flight mass spectrometer of reflectron-type that employs impact ionization and is optimised for a high mass resolution. The instrument was selected

    Surface Dust Analyser

    Surface Dust Analyser

    Surface_Dust_Analyser

  • Pickup ion
  • heliosphere are ionized by either solar ultraviolet radiation, charge exchange with solar wind protons or electron impact ionization. Pickup ions are

    Pickup ion

    Pickup ion

    Pickup_ion

  • Autoionization
  • observed as variations in the ionization cross sections of atoms and molecules, by photoionization, electron ionization and other methods. As examples

    Autoionization

    Autoionization

  • Desorption electrospray ionization
  • Ambient ionization technique

    Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) is an ambient ionization technique that can be coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) for chemical analysis of samples

    Desorption electrospray ionization

    Desorption electrospray ionization

    Desorption_electrospray_ionization

  • Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
  • Analytical method

    manufacturers. The "hard ionization" process of electron ionization can be softened by the cooling of the molecules before their ionization, resulting in mass

    Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

    Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry

    Gas_chromatography–mass_spectrometry

  • Negative resistance
  • Property that an increasing voltage results in a decreasing current

    mechanism IMPATT diode, TRAPATT diode and other diodes using the impact ionization mechanism Some NPN transistors with E-C reverse biased, known as negistor

    Negative resistance

    Negative resistance

    Negative_resistance

  • Kinematically complete experiment
  • Type of experiment in accelerator physics

    a fragmentation of the target molecule. Studies on double ionization and transfer-ionization revealed the important role of electron-electron correlation

    Kinematically complete experiment

    Kinematically_complete_experiment

  • Multigate device
  • MOS field-effect transistor with more than one gate

    Wong, Hon-Sum (December 1992). "Gate-current injection and surface impact ionization in MOSFET's with a gate induced virtual drain". International Technical

    Multigate device

    Multigate device

    Multigate_device

  • Resonance ionization
  • Process to excite an atom beyond its ionization potential to form an ion

    Resonance ionization is a process in optical physics used to excite a specific atom (or molecule) beyond its ionization potential to form an ion using

    Resonance ionization

    Resonance ionization

    Resonance_ionization

  • LADEE
  • Former NASA Lunar mission

    which directly measured dust using an impact ionization detector. This functions by measuring the ionization of particles hitting the detector. The instrument

    LADEE

    LADEE

    LADEE

  • Plasmalysis
  • Chemical process in a plasma

    field. Electrons originating from ionization processes can be accelerated in this field to trigger impact ionization processes. If more free electrons

    Plasmalysis

    Plasmalysis

  • Quadrupole mass analyzer
  • Type of mass spectrometer

    instruments. A single quadrupole mass spectrometer with an electron impact ionizer is used as a standalone analyzer in residual gas analyzers, real-time

    Quadrupole mass analyzer

    Quadrupole mass analyzer

    Quadrupole_mass_analyzer

  • Photoionization detector
  • Type of gas detector

    all have ionization energies above 12.0 eV and thus do not interfere significantly in the measurement of VOCs, which typically have ionization energies

    Photoionization detector

    Photoionization_detector

  • Electrostatic particle accelerator
  • Accelerates particles with a static electric field

    up to 100 km/s. Dust accelerators are used for impact cratering studies, calibration of impact ionization dust detectors, and meteor studies. Using a high-voltage

    Electrostatic particle accelerator

    Electrostatic particle accelerator

    Electrostatic_particle_accelerator

  • Efstratios Manousakis
  • American (of Greek origin) physicist

    correlated materials utilizing the concept of carrier multiplication via impact ionization. This idea has recently received theoretical and experimental attention

    Efstratios Manousakis

    Efstratios_Manousakis

  • Algis Jurgis Kundrotas
  • Lithuanian physicist and academic (1950–2026)

    1002/pssb.2221940220. Retrieved 4 February 2024. Kundrotas, J. (1999). "Impact ionization coefficient of excitons in n-GaAs". Semiconductor Science and Technology

    Algis Jurgis Kundrotas

    Algis Jurgis Kundrotas

    Algis_Jurgis_Kundrotas

  • Thermodynamic efficiency limit
  • Maximum possible efficiency of electrical power from sunlight

    junctions ≈ 33% 3-cell stacks and impure PVs ≈ 50% Hot carrier- or impact ionization-based devices ≈ 54-68% Commercial modules are ≈ 12-21% Solar cell

    Thermodynamic efficiency limit

    Thermodynamic_efficiency_limit

  • Buffer-gas trap
  • Device used to accumulate positrons

    ISSN 0034-6861. Marler, J. P.; Surko, C. M. (21 December 2005). "Positron-impact ionization, positronium formation, and electronic excitation cross sections for

    Buffer-gas trap

    Buffer-gas trap

    Buffer-gas_trap

  • Hydrogen ion cluster
  • material for generating the ions. Sattler, Klaus D. (2010). "Electron Impact Ionization of Hydrogen Clusters Embedded in Helium". Clusters and Fullerenes

    Hydrogen ion cluster

    Hydrogen_ion_cluster

  • Eberhard Grün
  • German astronomer (born 1942)

    developing dust detectors for spaceborne missions and doing research on impact ionization for these dust detectors. During this period, he spent six months

    Eberhard Grün

    Eberhard_Grün

  • Static secondary-ion mass spectrometry
  • Mass spectrometric technique used to analyze the composition of solid surfaces

    are used for SSIMS: electron-impact ionization, surface ionization, or liquid-metal ion sources. In the electron-impact ion source, electrons from a heated

    Static secondary-ion mass spectrometry

    Static_secondary-ion_mass_spectrometry

  • Enceladus Icy Jet Analyzer
  • Time-of-flight mass spectrometer

    crossings. Impact ionization shows an excellent sensitivity for compounds embedded in a water ice matrix. Ice particles as small as 0.1 μm at an impact speed

    Enceladus Icy Jet Analyzer

    Enceladus_Icy_Jet_Analyzer

  • Gas chromatography–vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy
  • Universal detection technique for gas chromatography

    struggles with differentiating cis and trans fatty acid isomers. Electron impact ionization can also cause double bond migration and lead to ambiguous fatty acid

    Gas chromatography–vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy

    Gas_chromatography–vacuum_ultraviolet_spectroscopy

  • Sugiol
  • Chemical compound

    identification based on chemical composition. Electron impact ionization is also commonly used to break apart and ionize the samples before they are passed to the

    Sugiol

    Sugiol

    Sugiol

  • Meteor
  • Body that enters the Earth's atmosphere

    upper atmosphere, an ionization trail is created, where the air molecules are ionized by the passage of the meteor. Such ionization trails can last up to

    Meteor

    Meteor

    Meteor

  • Paul Rappaport Award
  • IEEE award

    Peter B. Griffin James D. Plummer Raymond Wood Christoph Jungemann Impact Ionization MOS (I-MOS) - Part I: Device and Circuit Simulations and Part II:

    Paul Rappaport Award

    Paul_Rappaport_Award

  • Biefeld–Brown effect
  • Force observed on an asymmetric capacitor

    around the smaller, positively charged electrode. Around this electrode, ionization occurs, that is, electrons are stripped from the atoms in the surrounding

    Biefeld–Brown effect

    Biefeld–Brown_effect

  • Single-photon avalanche diode
  • Solid-state photodetector

    the lower electric field is no longer able to accelerate carriers to impact-ionize with lattice atoms, therefore current ceases. In order to be able to

    Single-photon avalanche diode

    Single-photon avalanche diode

    Single-photon_avalanche_diode

  • Impinj
  • American manufacturer of RFID devices

    Carver Mead and his student Chris Diorio. The name Impinj stands for "Impact-ionized Hot-electron Injection". In 2006, Impinj became the first company to

    Impinj

    Impinj

    Impinj

  • GeSbTe
  • Germanium-antimony-tellurium material

    generation of carriers that vary exponentially with voltage such as impact ionization or tunneling. Recently, much research has focused on the material

    GeSbTe

    GeSbTe

  • History of spectroscopy
  • highest grades of ionization (U92+), wavelength measurement, hyperfine structure of energy levels, quantum electrodynamic studies, ionization cross-sections

    History of spectroscopy

    History of spectroscopy

    History_of_spectroscopy

  • Ratko Janev
  • Macedonian atomic physicist

    Bang Jiao; Wang, Jian Guo; Janev, R. K. (2016). "Low energy electron-impact ionization of hydrogen atom for coplanar equal-energy-sharing kinematics in Debye

    Ratko Janev

    Ratko Janev

    Ratko_Janev

  • Humanitarian impact of nuclear weapons
  • Consequences of nuclear explosions

    The humanitarian impact of nuclear weapons refers to the catastrophic immediate and long-term consequences of nuclear explosions on human life, public

    Humanitarian impact of nuclear weapons

    Humanitarian_impact_of_nuclear_weapons

  • Fast atom bombardment
  • Ionization technique used in mass spectrometry

    samples are ionized have not been fully discovered, the nature of its ionization mechanism is similar to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI)

    Fast atom bombardment

    Fast atom bombardment

    Fast_atom_bombardment

  • Yang Fujia
  • Chinese nuclear physicist (1936–2022)

    Fujia, Yang; Yongsheng, Sun (28 December 1998). "Erratum: Electron-impact ionization cross sections and rates for ions of neon". Journal of Physics B:

    Yang Fujia

    Yang_Fujia

  • Moon
  • Natural satellite orbiting Earth

    the fine material ejected from the lunar crust by impact events. The lunar crust is marked by impact craters; some younger ones feature bright ray-like

    Moon

    Moon

    Moon

  • Compact Model Coalition
  • forward transit time, base-collector punch-through and collector impact ionization. Compared to HiCUM_L2, HiCUM_L0 targets faster simulation speed, so

    Compact Model Coalition

    Compact_Model_Coalition

  • Radiobiology
  • Study of effects of radiation on living tissues

    pregnancy. The human body cannot sense ionizing radiation except in very high doses, but the effects of ionization can be used to characterize the radiation

    Radiobiology

    Radiobiology

  • Spark ionization
  • Ionization method to produce gas phase ions from a solid sample

    Spark ionization (also known as spark source ionization) is a method used to produce gas phase ions from a solid sample. The prepared solid sample is

    Spark ionization

    Spark ionization

    Spark_ionization

AI & ChatGPT searchs for online references containing IMPACT IONIZATION

IMPACT IONIZATION

AI search references containing IMPACT IONIZATION

IMPACT IONIZATION

  • Imrat
  • Girl/Female

    Indian, Punjabi, Sikh

    Imrat

    Love

    Imrat

  • Impana | ஈம்பாநா
  • Girl/Female

    Tamil

    Impana | ஈம்பாநா

    Girl with a melodious voice

    Impana | ஈம்பாநா

  • Impana
  • Girl/Female

    Hindu

    Impana

    Girl with a melodious voice

    Impana

  • Kashfia
  • Girl/Female

    Arabic, Muslim

    Kashfia

    To Make it Evident; To Impart

    Kashfia

  • Nivat
  • Boy/Male

    Hindu, Indian

    Nivat

    Compact; Safe; Secure

    Nivat

  • Misaq
  • Boy/Male

    Arabic, Muslim

    Misaq

    Agreement; Covenant; Contract; Pact

    Misaq

  • Impal
  • Boy/Male

    Hindu, Indian

    Impal

    Strong

    Impal

  • Brihat
  • Boy/Male

    Hindu

    Brihat

    Compact, Massive, Widespread, Great, Large, Mighty, Powerful, Bright, Clear, Name of Vishnu

    Brihat

  • Impal
  • Boy/Male

    Hindu

    Impal

    Impal

  • Sanhanan
  • Boy/Male

    Hindu, Indian

    Sanhanan

    Compact; Firm; Solid

    Sanhanan

  • Bradford
  • Surname or Lastname

    English

    Bradford

    English : habitational name from any of the many places, large and small, called Bradford; in particular the city in West Yorkshire, which originally rose to prosperity as a wool town. There are others in Derbyshire, Devon, Dorset, Greater Manchester, Norfolk, Somerset, and elsewhere. They are all named with Old English brād ‘broad’ + ford ‘ford’.This name was brought independently to North American by many different bearers from the 17th century onward. William Bradford (1590–1657), born in Austerfield in South Yorkshire, England, the son of a yeoman farmer, was among the Pilgrim Fathers who emigrated to America on the Mayflower in 1620. He was a signer of the Mayflower Compact and in 1621 he was elected governor of Plymouth colony, being re-elected thirty times.

    Bradford

  • Brihat | ப்ரீஹத
  • Boy/Male

    Tamil

    Brihat | ப்ரீஹத

    Compact, Massive, Widespread, Great, Large, Mighty, Powerful, Bright, Clear, Name of Vishnu

    Brihat | ப்ரீஹத

  • Sandhi
  • Girl/Female

    Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Tamil

    Sandhi

    Compact; Promise

    Sandhi

  • Laraib
  • Boy/Male

    Arabic, Muslim

    Laraib

    Faultless; Pure; Intact; One who doesn't have Any Bad Habits

    Laraib

  • Impal | ஈம்பால 
  • Boy/Male

    Tamil

    Impal | ஈம்பால 

    Impal | ஈம்பால 

  • Alling
  • Surname or Lastname

    English

    Alling

    English : variant of Allen.German : habitational name from either of two places called Alling, one in Bavaria and one in Austria.Danish : habitational name from any of several places called Alling. The etymology of the place name is uncertain; it may be a derivative of al ‘alder’.Roger Alling signed the New Haven, CT, Compact in 1639.

    Alling

  • Kashfia |
  • Girl/Female

    Muslim

    Kashfia |

    To make it evident, To impart

    Kashfia |

  • IEZABEL
  • Female

    Greek

    IEZABEL

    (Ἰεζάβελ) Greek form of Hebrew Iyzebel ("Ba'al exalts," "unchaste," or "without cohabitation"), but IEZABEL means "chaste, intact." In the bible, this is the name of the evil wife of King Ahab. She was eaten by dogs as prophesied by Elijah.

    IEZABEL

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Online names & meanings

  • Shreve
  • Surname or Lastname

    English

    Shreve

    English : occupational name for a sheriff, from Middle English schiref, shreeve, shryve ‘sheriff’, from Old English scīr ‘shire’, ‘administrative district’ + (ge)rēfa ‘reeve’ (see Reeve). In some cases it may have arisen from a nickname.

  • Aulis
  • Girl/Female

    Latin

    Aulis

    A Praxidicae.

  • Dempsey
  • Boy/Male

    American, British, Celtic, English, Gaelic, Irish

    Dempsey

    From the Judge's Meadow; Proud

  • Suvra
  • Girl/Female

    Bengali, Hindu, Indian

    Suvra

    Wife of Rukmi

  • Odilo
  • Boy/Male

    French, German, Teutonic

    Odilo

    Rich

  • Goddard
  • Boy/Male

    German Teutonic

    Goddard

    Hard spear.

  • SÉ
  • Male

    Irish

    SÉ

    Short form of Irish Gaelic Séaghdha, possibly SÉ means "hawk-like."

  • Littlefield
  • Surname or Lastname

    English

    Littlefield

    English : habitational name from any of various minor places named Littlefield, for example in Surrey and Berkshire, from Old English l̄tel ‘little’ + feld ‘open country’.

  • Komalata
  • Girl/Female

    Hindu, Indian

    Komalata

    Calm

  • Ushraayush
  • Boy/Male

    Hindu, Indian

    Ushraayush

    Bright Life

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Other words and meanings similar to

IMPACT IONIZATION

AI search in online dictionary sources & meanings containing IMPACT IONIZATION

IMPACT IONIZATION

  • Impacted
  • imp. & p. p.

    of Impact

  • Impaste
  • v. t.

    To lay color on canvas by uniting them skillfully together. [R.] Cf. Impasto.

  • Import
  • v. t.

    To bring in from abroad; to introduce from without; especially, to bring (wares or merchandise) into a place or country from a foreign country, in the transactions of commerce; -- opposed to export. We import teas from China, coffee from Brasil, etc.

  • Imparted
  • imp. & p. p.

    of Impart

  • Impeach
  • v. t.

    Hence, to charge with impropriety; to dishonor; to bring discredit on; to call in question; as, to impeach one's motives or conduct.

  • Impair
  • v. t.

    To make worse; to diminish in quantity, value, excellence, or strength; to deteriorate; as, to impair health, character, the mind, value.

  • Impact
  • n.

    Contact or impression by touch; collision; forcible contact; force communicated.

  • Impact
  • n.

    The single instantaneous stroke of a body in motion against another either in motion or at rest.

  • Impacting
  • p. pr. & vb. n.

    of Impact

  • Impact
  • v. t.

    To drive close; to press firmly together: to wedge into a place.

  • Pact
  • v.

    An agreement; a league; a compact; a covenant.

  • Imparting
  • p. pr. & vb. n.

    of Impart

  • Impart
  • n.

    To communicate the knowledge of; to make known; to show by words or tokens; to tell; to disclose.

  • Implant
  • v. t.

    To plant, or infix, for the purpose of growth; to fix deeply; to instill; to inculate; to introduce; as, to implant the seeds of virtue, or the principles of knowledge, in the minds of youth.

  • Impart
  • v. i.

    To give a part or share.

  • Impeach
  • v. t.

    To charge with a crime or misdemeanor; to accuse; especially to charge (a public officer), before a competent tribunal, with misbehavior in office; to cite before a tribunal for judgement of official misconduct; to arraign; as, to impeach a judge. See Impeachment.

  • Compact
  • p. p. & a

    Brief; close; pithy; not diffuse; not verbose; as, a compact discourse.

  • Impart
  • n.

    To obtain a share of; to partake of.

  • Impart
  • v. i.

    To hold a conference or consultation.

  • Impart
  • n.

    To bestow a share or portion of; to give, grant, or communicate; to allow another to partake in; as, to impart food to the poor; the sun imparts warmth.