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Process by which atoms or molecules acquire charge by gaining or losing electrons
radiation detectors such as the Geiger-Müller counter or the ionization chamber. The ionization process is widely used in a variety of equipment in fundamental
Ionization
Energy needed to remove an electron
electron, and e− is the removed electron. Ionization energy is positive for neutral atoms, meaning that the ionization is an endothermic process. Roughly speaking
Ionization_energy
Harmful high-frequency radiation
nanometers). Roughly, this corresponds to both the first ionization energy of oxygen, and the ionization energy of hydrogen, both about 14 eV. In some Environmental
Ionizing_radiation
Analytical technique based on determining mass to charge ratio of ions
spectrometry. Electron ionization and chemical ionization are used for gases and vapors. In chemical ionization sources, the analyte is ionized by chemical ion-molecule
Mass_spectrometry
Technique used in mass spectroscopy
molecules to fragment when ionized. ESI is different from other ionization processes (e.g. matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization, MALDI) since it may
Electrospray_ionization
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up ionizer or ioniser in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Ionizer or ioniser may refer to: Air ioniser Water ionizer Ionization Ionizing radiation
Ionizer
Waves or particles moving through space
requires only single particles to cause ionization. A familiar example of thermal ionization is the flame-ionization of a common fire, and the browning reactions
Radiation
State of matter
temperatures are usually needed to sustain ionization, which is a defining feature of a plasma. The degree of plasma ionization is determined by the electron temperature
Plasma_(physics)
Ionization technique
Electron ionization (EI, formerly known as electron impact ionization and electron bombardment ionization) is an ionization method in which energetic electrons
Electron_ionization
Particle, atom or molecule with a net electrical charge
with less net electric charge is called the ionization potential, or ionization energy. The nth ionization energy of an atom is the energy required to
Ion
Ionization technique
In mass spectrometry, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is an ionization technique that uses a laser energy-absorbing matrix to create
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization
Matrix-assisted_laser_desorption/ionization
Table of molar ionization energies for the chemical elements
atomic ions. The first molar ionization energy applies to the neutral atoms. The second, third, etc., molar ionization energy applies to the further
Molar ionization energies of the elements
Molar_ionization_energies_of_the_elements
Gas-filled radiation detector
The ionization chamber is the simplest type of gaseous ionization detector, and is widely used for the detection and measurement of many types of ionizing
Ionization_chamber
Relation between the ionization state of a gas and the temperature and pressure
In physics, the Saha ionization equation is an expression that relates the ionization state of a gas in thermal equilibrium to the temperature and pressure
Saha_ionization_equation
Device that creates charged atoms and molecules (ions)
Electron ionization is widely used in mass spectrometry, particularly for organic molecules. The gas phase reaction producing electron ionization is M +
Ion_source
Fraction of charged particles in a gas or an aqueous solution
The degree of ionization (also known as ionization yield in the literature) refers to the proportion of neutral particles, such as those in a gas or aqueous
Degree_of_ionization
helium as an ionization source. Eluants from the GC column, flowing counter to the flow of helium from the discharge zone, are ionized by photons from
Pulsed discharge ionization detector
Pulsed_discharge_ionization_detector
Device that detects smoke, typically as an indicator of fire
need for external wiring. Ionization smoke detectors are usually less expensive to manufacture than optical detectors. Ionization detectors may be more prone
Smoke_detector
Less harmful range of electromagnetic energy
which requires only a single particle to ionize. A familiar example of thermal ionization is the flame-ionization of a common fire, and the browning reactions
Non-ionizing_radiation
Infection control process
Additional studies indicate ionization is superior to thermal eradication. A 2011 review found copper–silver ionization to be the only Legionella control
Copper–silver_ionization
Ionization method
Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) is an ionization method used in mass spectrometry which utilizes gas-phase ion-molecule reactions at atmospheric
Atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization
Atmospheric-pressure_chemical_ionization
Technique in mass spectroscopy
Chemical ionization (CI) is a soft ionization technique used in mass spectrometry. This was first introduced by Burnaby Munson and Frank H. Field in 1966
Chemical_ionization
Ionization process
Penning ionization is a form of chemi-ionization, an ionization process involving reactions between neutral atoms or molecules. The Penning effect is
Penning_ionization
Rapid removal of two electrons from an atom
atoms or molecules. Double ionization is usually less probable than single-electron ionization. Two types of double ionization are distinguished: sequential
Double_ionization
Thermal ionization mass spectrometry (TIMS), also known as surface ionization, is a highly sensitive isotope mass spectrometry characterization technique
Thermal ionization mass spectrometry
Thermal_ionization_mass_spectrometry
Ambient ionization technique
Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) is an ambient ionization technique that can be coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) for chemical analysis of samples
Desorption electrospray ionization
Desorption_electrospray_ionization
Type of gas detector used in gas chromatography
port (J). Flame ionization detectors are used very widely in gas chromatography because of a number of advantages. Cost: Flame ionization detectors are
Flame_ionization_detector
Formation of ions in a source outside a mass spectrometer
Ambient ionization is a form of ionization in which ions are formed in an ion source outside the mass spectrometer without sample preparation or separation
Ambient_ionization
Electron capture ionization is the ionization of a gas phase atom or molecule by attachment of an electron to create an ion of the form A − {\displaystyle
Electron_capture_ionization
Radiation detector
which each type utilises. The three basic types of gaseous ionization detectors are 1) ionization chambers, 2) proportional counters, and 3) Geiger–Müller
Gaseous_ionization_detector
Process in which atoms are released from a hot surface, and are ionized
process are ionized. Thermal ionization is used to make simple ion sources, for mass spectrometry and for generating ion beams. Thermal ionization has seen
Thermal_ionization
Measure of an acid's strength in solution
an acid dissociation constant (also known as acidity constant, or acid-ionization constant; denoted K a {\displaystyle K_{a}} ) is a quantitative measure
Acid_dissociation_constant
obtained by conventional electrospray ionization in the case of aqueous solutions. This approach to laser spray ionization is a hybrid of three basic techniques
Laser_spray_ionization
Pseudoscientific home appliance
Electrodeionization Magnetic water treatment Negative air ionization therapy Self-ionization of water Ultrafiltration Aoki H, Nakamori M, Aoto N, Ikawa
Water_ionizer
Quantum effect in physics
further ionization may proceed by collision between high-energy electrons and a parent atom (molecule). This process is known as non-sequential ionization. Tunneling
Tunnel_ionization
Pseudoscientific medical treatment
Negative air ionization therapy (NAIs) uses air ionisers as a non-pharmaceutical treatment for respiratory disease, allergy, or stress-related health conditions
Negative air ionization therapy
Negative_air_ionization_therapy
List of energies required to remove successive electrons from each atom
column marked 1 is the first ionization energy to ionize the neutral atom, the column marked 2 is the second ionization energy to remove a second electron
Ionization energies of the elements (data page)
Ionization_energies_of_the_elements_(data_page)
spectrometer must be used in conjunction with the ionization gauge for accurate measurement. A hot-cathode ionization gauge is composed mainly of three electrodes
Pressure_measurement
Ion formation via a photon interacting with a molecule or atom
Above-threshold ionization (ATI) is an extension of multi-photon ionization where even more photons are absorbed than actually would be necessary to ionize the atom
Photoionization
Technique used in mass spectrometry
spray ionization is a technique used in mass spectrometry to produce ions from a sample to be analyzed. It is a variant of electrospray ionization. The
Paper_spray_ionization
Body that enters the Earth's atmosphere
upper atmosphere, an ionization trail is created, where the air molecules are ionized by the passage of the meteor. Such ionization trails can last up to
Meteor
Instrument used for measuring ionizing radiation
energy particles or gamma radiation make the gas conductive by ionization. The ionization is considerably amplified within the tube by the Townsend discharge
Geiger_counter
Process in atomic physics
Impact ionization is the process in a material by which one energetic charge carrier can lose energy by the creation of other charge carriers. For example
Impact_ionization
Autoprotolysis or exchange of a proton between two water molecules
approximately equal to their concentrations. Thus, the ionization constant, dissociation constant, self-ionization constant, water ion-product constant or ionic
Self-ionization_of_water
Ionization by more photons than are required
molecular, and optical physics, above-threshold ionization (ATI) is a multi-photon effect where an atom is ionized with more than the energetically required
Above-threshold_ionization
Ionized part of Earth's upper atmosphere
ionization present, while the ionization in the E and D layers is extremely low. During the day, the D and E layers become much more heavily ionized,
Ionosphere
Type of chromatography
detector (ElCD), helium ionization detector (HID), infrared detector (IRD), photo-ionization detector (PID), pulsed discharge ionization detector (PDD), and
Gas_chromatography
Analytical method
manufacturers. The "hard ionization" process of electron ionization can be softened by the cooling of the molecules before their ionization, resulting in mass
Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry
Gas_chromatography–mass_spectrometry
Ambient ionization technique
Secondary electro-spray ionization (SESI) is an ambient ionization technique for the analysis of trace concentrations of vapors, where a nano-electrospray
Secondary electrospray ionization
Secondary_electrospray_ionization
pressure laser ionization is an atmospheric pressure ionization method for mass spectrometry (MS). Laser light in the UV range is used to ionize molecules
Atmospheric-pressure laser ionization
Atmospheric-pressure_laser_ionization
Range of frequencies or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation
and extreme ultraviolet rays are called ionizing radiation because their high photon energy is able to ionize atoms, causing chemical reactions. Longer-wavelength
Electromagnetic_spectrum
seal). Electron ionization Ionization gauge Vacuum R. T. Bayard and D. Alpert, "Extension of the Low Pressure Range of the Ionization Gauge" Rev. Sci
Hot-filament_ionization_gauge
beam motion. The primary use of ionization cooling is envisaged to be for cooling of muon beams. This is because ionization cooling is the only technique
Ionization_cooling
Ambient ionization method
Laser ablation electrospray ionization (LAESI) is an ambient ionization method for mass spectrometry that combines laser ablation from a mid-infrared
Laser ablation electrospray ionization
Laser_ablation_electrospray_ionization
Format for notating atoms and molecules
atomic ionization states, atomic orbitals, and molecular orbitals. Spectroscopists customarily refer to the spectrum arising from a given ionization state
Spectroscopic_notation
Physical law about electrical discharge in gases
{\displaystyle x=0} . To get impact ionization, the electron energy E e {\displaystyle E_{e}} must become greater than the ionization energy E I {\displaystyle
Paschen's_law
states are even more important in laser ionization experiments. Laser spectroscopic experiments often involve ionization through a photon energy resonance at
Rydberg ionization spectroscopy
Rydberg_ionization_spectroscopy
Type of galactic nucleus
A low-ionization nuclear emission-line region (LINER) is a type of galactic nucleus that is defined by its spectral line emission. The spectra typically
Low-ionization nuclear emission-line region
Low-ionization_nuclear_emission-line_region
Soft laser desorption method
tissues and cells. Soft laser desorption is a soft ionization technique which desorbs and ionizes molecules from surfaces with minimal fragmentation.
Desorption/ionization on silicon
Desorption/ionization_on_silicon
Critical ionization velocity (CIV), or critical velocity (CV), is the relative velocity between a neutral gas and plasma (an ionized gas), at which the
Critical_ionization_velocity
Analytical chemistry technique
on atmospheric pressure ionization (API) strategies like electrospray ionization (ESI), atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization (APCI), and atmospheric
Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
Liquid_chromatography–mass_spectrometry
Astronomical phenomenon
shape of the ionized region and the condition of the material such as temperature, density, composition, and degree of ionization. Ionization cones have
Ionization_cone
electrospray ionization, and atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization. Both solid and liquid samples may be ionized with ambient ionization techniques.
Sample preparation in mass spectrometry
Sample_preparation_in_mass_spectrometry
Specific recurring patterns that are present in the modern periodic table
attracting force of the nucleus. It is also referred to as ionization potential. The first ionization energy is the amount of energy that is required to remove
Periodic_trends
Physical-chemical process
crucial regarding photoionization. On the one hand, the ionization energy (also called ionization potential, IP), refers to the energy necessary to remove
DNA_photoionization
Method of identifying trace chemicals
ion peaks than alkanes due to the lower ionization energy of a pi electron than a σ electron. After the ionization, double bonds can migrate easily, resulting
Mass_spectral_interpretation
Gaseous ionization detector
proportional counter is a type of gaseous ionization detector device used to measure particles of ionizing radiation. The key feature is its ability to
Proportional_counter
Type of gas detector
all have ionization energies above 12.0 eV and thus do not interfere significantly in the measurement of VOCs, which typically have ionization energies
Photoionization_detector
Cosmological process in the early universe
that star.) At some point the shell of ionization from each star in a galaxy begin to overlap and the ionization frontier pushes out into the intergalactic
Reionization
Method of ion formation
result in ionization of gaseous molecules of the analyte. Mass spectra produced by FD have little or no fragmentation because FD is a soft ionization method
Field_desorption
Ambient ionization source
Extractive electrospray ionization (EESI) is a spray-type, ambient ionization source in mass spectrometry that uses two colliding aerosols, one of which
Extractive electrospray ionization
Extractive_electrospray_ionization
Ionization of air around a high-voltage conductor
conductive region is less sharp, the ionization may not extend past this local region. Outside this region of ionization and conductivity, the charged particles
Corona_discharge
Electrical device to ionise air molecules
the air gush of an ioniser. The ionization falls off very sharply with distance (even in ducting), so air ionization is rarely used for this purpose,
Air_ioniser
Soft ionization method
followed by electron ejection or through ionization of a dopant molecule that leads to chemical ionization of target molecules. The sample is usually
Atmospheric-pressure photoionization
Atmospheric-pressure_photoionization
Electrochemical processes involving photons and the emission or absorption of light
threshold ionization (ATI) is an extension of multi-photon ionization where even more photons are absorbed than actually would be necessary to ionize the atom
Photoelectrochemical_process
French physicist (born 1941)
researched on multiphoton ionization using the powerful lasers there. They are the first to observe above-threshold ionization in 1979 in xenon gas. In
Pierre_Agostini
Very rare astronomical objects that are thought to be quasar ionization echos
accepted for publication in MNRAS titled: "About AGN ionization echoes, thermal echoes, and ionization deficits in low redshift Lyman-alpha blobs". GBGs
Green_bean_galaxy
Plasma formed by passage of current through gas
carriers come from ionizing some of the gas molecules. Depending on the amount of current passing through the gas, the ionization occurs by one of three
Glow_discharge
Ionization from excited state bonding
needed] In the literature, the term "chemi-ionization" is used inconsistently. Berry broadly defined chemi-ionization as "processes that lead to the formation
Chemi-ionization
Technique used in mass spectrometry
Nanospray desorption electrospray ionization (nano-DESI) is an ambient pressure ionization technique used in mass spectrometry (MS) for chemical analysis
Nanospray desorption electrospray ionization
Nanospray_desorption_electrospray_ionization
Chemical property
dissociation of the non-deuterated acid. For similar reasons the self-ionization of heavy water is less than that of ordinary water at the same temperature
Equilibrium_constant
to produce analyte ions. Analytes with low ionization energy may be ionized directly. The DART ionization process can produce positive or negative ions
Direct_analysis_in_real_time
Warning symbol on locations or products
used to signify the actual or potential presence of ionizing radiation. It is not used for non-ionizing electromagnetic waves or sound waves. The standard
Hazard_symbol
Ionization detector
Langmuir–Taylor detector, also called surface ionization detector or hot wire detector, is a kind of ionization detector used in mass spectrometry, developed
Langmuir–Taylor_detector
Galaxy containing the Solar System
Krongold, Y.; Nicastro, F.; Galeazzi, M. (2012). "A Huge Reservoir of Ionized Gas Around the Milky Way: Accounting for the Missing Mass?". The Astrophysical
Milky_Way
matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), matrix-assisted ionization (MAI), and fast atom bombardment (FAB). MALDI is an ionization technique where laser
Matrix_(mass_spectrometry)
Optical phenomenon
"very beautiful" laser-like beam of light bluish light, caused by the ionization of air, that appeared to be "flooding up into infinity". Cathode rays
Ionized-air_glow
Physical phenomenon
effect is known as impact ionization. The Auger effect can impact biological molecules such as DNA. Following the K-shell ionization of the component atoms
Auger_effect
Measure of the level of acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution
{OH^-}}]={\frac {K_{{\ce {W}}}}{[{\ce {H^+}}]}}} where KW is the self-ionization constant of water. Taking logarithms, pOH = p K W − pH . {\displaystyle
PH
An ionization instability is any one of a category of plasma instabilities which is mediated by electron-impact ionization. In the most general sense
Ionization_instability
Nebula formed of ionized gases that emit light of various wavelengths
nebula is a nebula formed of ionized gases that emit light of various wavelengths. The most common source of ionization is high-energy ultraviolet photons
Emission_nebula
Particle detector for visualizing ionizing radiation
through the gas they leave ionization trails. The alcohol vapor condenses around gaseous ion trails left behind by the ionizing particles. This occurs because
Cloud_chamber
Body of interstellar clouds
distinct luminescent part of interstellar medium, which can consist of ionized, neutral, or molecular hydrogen and also cosmic dust. Nebulae are often
Nebula
Process to excite an atom beyond its ionization potential to form an ion
Resonance ionization is a process in optical physics used to excite a specific atom (or molecule) beyond its ionization potential to form an ion using
Resonance_ionization
disposal, etc. Discharge ionization detectors have generally supplanted them. Andrawes, F.; Ramsey, R. (1986-11-01). "The Helium Ionization Detector". Journal
Helium_ionization_detector
Type of electric propulsion system
preferred because its high atomic mass and relatively low ionization energy reduce ionization losses and support efficient thrust production. Lower-cost
Hall-effect_thruster
high efficiency technique of resonance ionization. The technique of fast beam collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy is a merger of two traditional
CRIS_experiment
Third planet from the Sun
lines into Earth's ionosphere, where atmospheric atoms can be excited and ionized, causing an aurora. The gravity of Earth is the acceleration that is imparted
Earth
Ionization Method
Soft Ionization by Chemical Reaction in Transfer is a method for ionizing small organic compounds at ambient atmospheric pressure. It is used for ion generation
Soft Ionization by Chemical Reaction in Transfer
Soft_Ionization_by_Chemical_Reaction_in_Transfer
1945 attacks in Japan during WWII
National Research Council (1990). Health Effects of Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation: BEIR V. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi:10
Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
Atomic_bombings_of_Hiroshima_and_Nagasaki
IONIZATION
IONIZATION
IONIZATION
IONIZATION
Boy/Male
Arabic, Irish
Noble; Bent
Boy/Male
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Punjabi, Sikh, Telugu
Succeed
Girl/Female
Sikh
One who attaines the elixir of enlightenment
Boy/Male
Arabic, Hindu, Indian, Muslim
One who Scatters; Exposer; Announcer
Boy/Male
Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Kashmiri, Malayalam, Marathi, Punjabi, Sanskrit, Sikh, Traditional
Luminous; Pilgrimage Spot
Boy/Male
English
Shepherd.
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Tender
Girl/Female
Muslim
Messenger, Ambassador
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Hunter
Girl/Female
Hebrew
God will multiply.
IONIZATION
IONIZATION
IONIZATION
IONIZATION
IONIZATION