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Vacuum-tube 1950s computer system
The IBM 650 Magnetic Drum Data-Processing Machine is an early digital computer produced by IBM in the mid-1950s. It was the first mass-produced computer
IBM_650
Instructions directly executable by a computer
different models. An example of this use is the IBM System/360 family of computers and their successors. The IBM 650, introduced in 1954, was a decimal, word
Machine_code
Numeral encoding scheme
Labs from Model II onwards FACOM 128 relay calculators at Fujitsu The IBM 650 uses seven bits: two bi bits (0 and 5) and five quinary bits (0, 1, 2,
Bi-quinary_coded_decimal
Earliest electronic computer design
mass-produced computers were the Bull Gamma 3 (1952, 1,200 units) and the IBM 650 (1954, 2,000 units). Vacuum-tube technology required a great deal of electricity
Vacuum-tube_computer
products, including the IBM 700 series of computer systems, IBM 650, IBM 305 RAMAC with disk drive memory, and IBM 1401, positioned IBM as the world's leading
History_of_IBM
Vacuum-tube computer system
701 was the IBM 702 and a lower-cost general-purpose sibling was the IBM 650, which gained fame as the first mass-produced computer. IBM 701 competed
IBM_701
Punch IBM 537: IBM 650 Card Read Punch IBM 543: IBM 650 Card Reader IBM 544: IBM 650 Card Punch IBM 650: IBM 650 Console Unit IBM 652: IBM 650 Disk and
List_of_IBM_products
September 14, 1956. Simultaneously a very similar product, the IBM 355, was announced for the IBM 650 RAMAC computer system. RAMAC stood for "Random Access Method
History of IBM magnetic disk drives
History_of_IBM_magnetic_disk_drives
First-generation computer
its stored-program configurations, the Gamma 3 mostly competed with the IBM 650. Over the course of its ten-year availability, this machine facilitated
Bull_Gamma_3
Assembler for the IBM 650 computer
assembler for the IBM 650 Magnetic Drum Data-Processing Machine, an early computer first used in 1954. It was developed by Stan Poley at the IBM Thomas J. Watson
Symbolic Optimal Assembly Program
Symbolic_Optimal_Assembly_Program
Data-storage devices
disk drive. Drums were used as main memory by IBM in computers including the IBM 305 and IBM 650; IBM also offered drum devices as secondary storage
IBM_drum_storage
Tabulating machine introduced in 1949
225-8090-5. IBM (1955). IBM 650 Manual of Additional Features: Magnetic Tapes, High Speed Storage, Printer. 22-6265-1. IBM 407 accounting machine (PDF) IBM Functional
IBM_407
capabilities, simplified memory access, and other enhancements for the IBM model 650 (IBM 650) digital computer and allow users to more easily develop application-specific
L1 and L2 (programming language)
L1_and_L2_(programming_language)
Mainframe computer systems made by IBM through the 1950s and early 1960s
characters The IBM 7070, IBM 7072, and IBM 7074 are decimal, fixed-word-length machines. They use a ten-digit word like the smaller and older IBM 650, but are
IBM_700/7000_series
time. Compared to the UNIVAC, IBM introduced a smaller, more affordable computer in 1954 that proved very popular. The IBM 650 weighed over 900 kg, the attached
History_of_computing_hardware
World's first marketed all-transistorized calculator
to transistors. As a result, the successor to the IBM 650 used transistors, and it became the IBM 7070—the company's first transistorized stored-program
IBM_608
input-output unit for the IBM 650 computer. It had two independent card paths, one for reading and one for punching. IBM cards were fed face down, 12-edge
IBM_533
Topics referred to by the same term
650 may refer to: 650 (number) Area code 650 IBM 650 magnetic drum data-processing machine, introduced in 1953 The year 650 BCE The year 650 CE 650C: A
650_(disambiguation)
Decimal computer introduced by IBM in 1958
IBM 7070 is a decimal-architecture intermediate data-processing system that was introduced by IBM in 1958. It was part of the IBM 700/7000 series, and
IBM_7070
Control panel programmable electronic calculating card punch
Test Assembly, a precursor to IBM's early computers. The circuit module design and packaging was also used for the IBM 650, the world's first mass-produced
IBM_604
Large computer systems produced by IBM since 1952
modern standards. These included: IBM 650 (vacuum tube logic, decimal architecture, drum memory, business and scientific) IBM 305 RAMAC (vacuum tube logic
IBM_mainframe
Computer peripheral device
MA: MIT Press. p. 219. An IBM 650 computer, introduced in 1953, came with the IBM 533 Card Reader/Punch, right. At many IBM 650 installations, punched cards
Punched_card_input/output
Low-level programming language family
SOAP (Symbolic Optimal Assembly Program) was an assembly language for the IBM 650 computer written by Stan Poley in 1955. Assembly languages eliminated much
Assembly_language
Computer operating on base-10 numbers
computers that were exclusively decimal include the ENIAC, IBM NORC, IBM 650, IBM 1620, IBM 7070, UNIVAC Solid State 80. In these machines, the basic unit
Decimal_computer
American pioneer computer engineer
continues today. The lower-cost general-purpose version of the IBM 701 was the famous IBM 650, which became the first mass-produced computer in the world
Jerrier_A._Haddad
Early programming language for lists
JOHNNIAC), IPL-III (existed briefly), IPL-IV, IPL-V (1958, for IBM 650, IBM 704, IBM 7090, Philco model 212, many others. Widely used). IPL-VI was a
Information Processing Language
Information_Processing_Language
Small IBM scientific computer released in 1959
the IBM 1401 machine, also then under development.[citation needed] Laurie, Edward J. (1963). Computers and how they work: IBM 1620, IBM 1401, IBM 650. South-Western
IBM_1620
General-purpose programming language
electrical engineering. By 1960, versions of FORTRAN were available for IBM's 709, 650, 1620 and 7090 computers. Significantly, the increasing popularity of
Fortran
Transistor computer, commercial architecture, 1961
the IBM 7070, in June 1960, as an upgrade path for both the IBM 650 and IBM 705 computers, IBM realized that it was so incompatible with the 705 that few
IBM_7080
American programming language designer, software engineer and inventor (born 1940)
language on the IBM 1410, as a graduate student at North Carolina State University from 1962 to 1963. Dr. A. Grandage, author of IBM 650 analysis-of-variance
Anthony_James_Barr
Version of FORTRAN programming languate for IBM 650
incorrectly FORTRANSIT) is a subset of the FORTRAN programming language for the IBM 650 Magnetic Drum Data-Processing Machine, developed by a group led by Bob
FOR_TRANSIT
UNIVAC 1, IBM 702, IBM 705, IBM 650, IBM 1400 series, and IBM 1620. Early binary addressed computers included Zuse Z3, Colossus, Whirlwind, AN/FSQ-7, IBM 701
Timeline_of_binary_prefixes
American computer scientist (1927–2021)
compilers, GAT for the IBM 650 and MAD for the IBM 704/709/7090, was involved in the design of the architecture and negotiations with IBM over the virtual memory
Bruce_Arden
Magnetic data storage device
6-bit characters (135 kilobytes). The first mass-produced computer, the IBM 650 (1954), initially had up to 2,000 10-digit words, about 17.5 kilobytes
Drum_memory
Revenue service of the U.S. federal government
an IBM 650 installed at Kansas City processed 1.1 million returns. The IRS was authorized to proceed with computerization in 1959 and purchased IBM 1401
Internal_Revenue_Service
American mathematician and information theorist (1915–1998)
as Bell 2. It was superseded by Fortran when the Bell Labs' IBM 650 were replaced by the IBM 704 in 1957. In A Discipline of Programming (1976), Edsger
Richard_Hamming
American computer engineer
MAC (MIT Algebraic Compiler), an algebraic programming language for the IBM 650, which was completed by early spring of 1958. Laning received his PhD from
J._Halcombe_Laning
Programmable machine that processes data
mobile computers were heavy and ran from mains power. The 50 lb (23 kg) IBM 5100 was an early example. Later portables such as the Osborne 1 and Compaq
Computer
IBM 305 RAMAC computer. A variant, the IBM 355 Disk File, was simultaneously announced with the IBM RAM 650 computer, an enhancement to the IBM 650.
History_of_hard_disk_drives
Appointed position at IBM
first IBM Fellow, appointed in 1963 for amongst other things his work on the development of the IBM 650. In 1989, Fran Allen became the first female IBM Fellow
IBM_Fellow
was most commonly employed on the IBM 650 and the Bendix G-15. Both machines had optimizing assemblers (SOAP for the IBM, POGO for Bendix) that could automate
Optimum_programming
Computer product line
of IBM products IBM System/360 IBM System/370 Karlsruhe Accurate Arithmetic (KAA) for the IBM 4361 Molly-guard 1955, IBM 650, 1960s, UNIVAC 1100, IBM 7094
IBM_4300
ISBN 978-3-528-05757-2.. 650 magnetic drum data processing machine (PDF). IBM. June 1955. 22-6060-2. Retrieved May 8, 2024. IBM 7070-7074 Principles of
Comparison of instruction set architectures
Comparison_of_instruction_set_architectures
Explosive device utilizing a tube of long welded metal cylinders
SAM-equipped Mauler, Monte Carlo simulations on the then-state-of-the-art IBM 650 indicated that a continuous-rod warhead was likely to be less effective
Continuous-rod_warhead
American computer scientist (1929–2020)
UofM's Computing Center he co-authored two compilers, GAT for the IBM 650 and MAD for the IBM 704/709/7090. In 1963 he moved to MIT to participate in the development
Robert M. Graham (computer scientist)
Robert_M._Graham_(computer_scientist)
Decimal representation of real numbers in computing
often treated as side information that is accounted for separately. The IBM 650 computer supported an 8-digit decimal floating-point format in 1953. The
Decimal_floating_point
British Software engineer
L2 programming language, a floating-point mathematical package for the IBM 650. Weiss was born in Willesden, Middlesex, England (now part of the Greater
Ruth_A._Weiss
Historical account
calculations. Other IBM computers or other applications function without operating systems. But one of IBM's smaller computers, the IBM 650, introduced a feature
History of IBM mainframe operating systems
History_of_IBM_mainframe_operating_systems
Topics referred to by the same term
IBM 305 RAMAC IBM 650 RAMAC, a computing system consisting of an IBM 650 with an IBM 355 Disk Storage unit and introduced in 1956 IBM 9394 RAMAC Array
RAMAC
RISC-V, Freescale 68HC11, Freescale v4e, Motorola 680x0, MIPS, PowerPC, IBM System z, TI MSP430, Zilog Z80. SDAS (fork of ASxxxx Cross Assemblers and
Comparison_of_assemblers
System allowing a device to imitate another
IBM computers dramatically increased simulation speed. Earlier, IBM provided simulators for, e.g., the 650 on the 705. In addition to simulators, IBM
Emulator
Technology museum in La Coruña and Alcobendas, Spain
Tower of Hercules lighthouse and the first computer arriving in Spain, an IBM 650 computer bought by Renfe in 1959. La Coruña hall main entrance. Alcobendas
National Museum of Science and Technology (Spain)
National_Museum_of_Science_and_Technology_(Spain)
German multinational financial services company
Insurance company to install a mainframe computer, taking delivery of a IBM 650 which provided cost savings within three years of delivery. After World
Allianz
Self-starting process that is supposed to proceed without external input
tiny assembler program was hand-coded for a new computer (for example the IBM 650) which converted a few instructions into binary or decimal code: A1. This
Bootstrapping
Topics referred to by the same term
repainting Symbolic Optimal Assembly Program, an assembly language for the IBM 650 computer Society of Australian Punk, an organisation focused on Australian
Soap_(disambiguation)
American computer scientist and mathematician (born 1938)
fraternity. While studying physics at Case, Knuth was introduced to the IBM 650, an early commercial computer. After reading the computer's manual, Knuth
Donald_Knuth
questionnaire and an IBM 650 to match 49 men and 49 women. 1963 Ed Lewis at Iowa State University uses a questionnaire and an IBM computer "to optimize
Timeline_of_online_dating
IBM midrange computer (1988–2013)
The IBM AS/400 (Application System/400) is a family of midrange computers from IBM announced in June 1988 and released in August 1988. It was the successor
IBM_AS/400
Irma and Frank Adelman (1959) tested the Klein–Goldberger model on an IBM 650 at the Berkeley Radiation Laboratory, and found that when shocked by disturbances
Klein–Goldberger_model
Signal to a computer processor emitted by hardware or software
address 0, or, at the programmer's option, caused the computer to stop." The IBM 650 (1954) incorporated the first occurrence of interrupt masking. The National
Interrupt
1982 Japanese initiative to develop advanced computers
Thermionic vacuum tubes. Mid-1940s. IBM pioneered the arrangement of vacuum tubes in pluggable modules. The IBM 650 was a first-generation computer. Second
Fifth Generation Computer Systems
Fifth_Generation_Computer_Systems
Base memory unit handled by a computer
numbers. This class of machines includes the IBM 702, IBM 705, IBM 7080, IBM 7010, IBM 1400 series , IBM 1620, RCA 301, RCA 3301 and UNIVAC 1050. Most
Word_(computer_architecture)
Impact printer that prints one entire line of text at a time
attached to a variety of early IBM computers, including the IBM 650, most members of the IBM 700/7000 series and the IBM 1130, the last introduced in 1965
Line_printer
Computer introduced in 1960
(solid-state), low cost version of the IBM 650, which had been the world's first mass-produced computer. The IBM 650 was leased at $3,250 per month and approximately
Monrobot_XI
Electromechanical machines which processed data using punch cards
computers, such as the IBM 650. The Bull Gamma 3 calculator could be attached to tabulating machines, unlike the stand-alone IBM calculators. Card punching
Unit_record_equipment
Number in base-10 numeral system
representation internally (although many early computers, such as the ENIAC or the IBM 650, used decimal representation internally). For external use by computer
Decimal
Aspect of the instruction set architecture of CPUs
were register addresses at the high end of the address range, e.g., IBM 650, IBM 7070, the trend has been to use only register address at the low end
Addressing_mode
Multinational research organization
materials science and technology. The former IBM Research – Almaden location occupied part of a site owned by IBM at 650 Harry Road on nearly 700 acres (2.8 km2)
IBM_Research
Register in which intermediate arithmetic and logic results of a CPU are stored
operations with longer results. The IBM 650, a decimal machine, had one 10 digit distributor and two ten-digit accumulators; the IBM 7070, a later, transistorized
Accumulator_(computing)
16-bit IBM minicomputer introduced in 1965
The IBM 1130 Computing System, introduced in 1965, was IBM's least expensive computer at that time. A binary 16-bit machine, it was marketed to price-sensitive
IBM_1130
saving instruction (UNIVAC I), immediate operands (IBM 704), and detecting invalid operations (IBM 650). By the end of the 1950s, commercial builders had
History of general-purpose CPUs
History_of_general-purpose_CPUs
Data storage outside a computer's own hardware
output, and storage devices was a determinant factor in their adoption. IBM 650 was a first mass-produced electronic computer that encompassed wide range
External_storage
Type of computer
commercially available electronic digital computer. The Bull Gamma 3 (1952) and IBM 650 (1953) were the first mass-produced commercial computers, respectively
Stored-program_computer
Engineering school within Stanford University
"significantly" supporting construction until 1956, according to the department. An IBM 650 computer was maintained in ERL, which was the only air-conditioned room
Stanford University School of Engineering
Stanford_University_School_of_Engineering
CPU register used for modifying operand addresses
the IBM 700/7000 mainframe series had them, starting with the IBM 704 in 1954, though they were optional on some smaller machines such as the IBM 650 and
Index_register
are called Hamming codes. Programmed one of the earliest computers, the IBM 650, and with Ruth A. Weiss developed the L2 programming language, one of the
List_of_Bell_Labs_alumni
Computer architecture bit width
match that accuracy. Decimal computers sold in that era, such as the IBM 650 and the IBM 7070, had a word length of ten digits, as did ENIAC, one of the earliest
36-bit_computing
Specialized high school in New York City
math and computer programming class at the school in 1960, featuring an IBM 650 op code chart (upper right). Bronx High School of Science was one of the
Bronx_High_School_of_Science
Computer announced by UNIVAC in 1958
computer announced by Sperry Rand in December 1958 as a response to the IBM 650. It was one of the first [citation needed] computers offered for sale to
UNIVAC_Solid_State
American computer executive
from the University of Illinois where, as a student, he worked with the IBM 650 in the registration and grading process. He had an athletic fencing career
Abbey_Silverstone
Informational and control component of early computers
encoding of addresses. The IBM 650 and UNIVAC Solid State 80/90 use bi-quinary coded decimal encoding of addresses. The IBM 7070/72/74 use a two-out-of-five
Front_panel
Base five numeral system
that was used on a number of early computers including Colossus and the IBM 650 to represent decimal numbers. Few calculators support calculations in the
Quinary
Series of mainframe computer models
which was used by Eastern Air Lines. It competed mainly against the IBM 650 and the IBM 305 RAMAC and a total of 130 were manufactured. The UNIVAC II was
UNIVAC
Control panel using electrical patch cords
devices, e.g. the IBM 711 and 716, for first and second generation IBM computers, including the IBM 700/7000 series and the IBM 650, were based on unit
Plugboard
American computer scientist
Newell, Allen (January 1986), "Information Processing Language V on the IBM 650" (PDF), IEEE Annals of the History of Computing, 8 (1): 47–49, doi:10.1109/MAHC
George_H._Mealy
Wealthy Swedish entrepreneur (1881-1961)
1956 and 1957, the model ALWAC III-E was considered a competitor to the IBM 650, having fewer parts and good economy, but no more than 30 units seem to
Axel_Wenner-Gren
Electromechanical computer (1948–1952)
The IBM Selective Sequence Electronic Calculator (SSEC) was an electromechanical computer built by IBM. Its design was started in late 1944 and it operated
IBM_SSEC
Librascope General Purpose computer (1956)
and open source, multi-platform multi-system emulator.[citation needed] IBM 650 Bendix G-15 List of vacuum-tube computers SIMH "1950-1959 Librazettes"
LGP-30
First computer to use magnetic disk storage
(2006-09-08). "IBM Builds on 50 Years of Spinning Disk Storage". eWeek.com. Retrieved 2012-10-16. 650 RAMAC announcement The 305 RAMAC and the 650 RAMAC were
IBM_305_RAMAC
Measure of a computer's processing speed
scientific programs run on the 704, with a small contribution from some IBM 650 programs. The overall score was then the weighted sum of the average execution
Instructions_per_second
Process of starting a computer
card would be read and its information processed. Another example was the IBM 650 (1953), a decimal machine, which had a group of ten 10-position switches
Booting
Abstract strategy game
similarly, as graphics displays were uncommon. A program written for the IBM 650 used front panel switches and lights for the user interface.[citation needed]
3D_tic-tac-toe
computer in 1957, an IBM 650. The computer was installed in Dearborn Observatory, replacing the venerable meridian circle. The IBM 650 was used to compute
History of Northwestern University
History_of_Northwestern_University
First generation programmable computers
Emerson W. (1996). Building IBM: Shaping an Industry and its Technology. The MIT Press. "Patents and Inventions". IBM100. IBM. US patent 2595045, Joseph
List_of_vacuum-tube_computers
Anti-aircraft missile system
soon as they came in range. After running Monte Carlo simulations on an IBM 650, they decided to use a blast-fragmentation warhead, deciding that the continuous-rod
MIM-46_Mauler
Type of computer introduced in 1956
operating system of the same name. A symbolic assembler, similar to the IBM 650's Symbolic Optimal Assembly Program (SOAP), was introduced in the late
Bendix_G-15
Device used to guide vehicles
Werner, initiated work on MAC, an algebraic programming language for the IBM 650, which was completed by early spring of 1958. MAC became the work-horse
Guidance_system
Medium speed line printer
notably: IBM 407 - introduced 1949 - type wheels - adapted as an input/output unit on the IBM 650 IBM 716 - introduced in 1952 with the IBM 701 and others
IBM_1443
American engineer (1931–2024)
computers, entitled "Computers and Data Processing Systems", using an IBM 650. The assignment had been urged by Schultz, while Conway was still in the
Richard_W._Conway
American computer scientist
Engineering development machine). In 1953 Hurd convinced IBM management to develop what became the IBM 650 Magnetic Drum Data Processing Machine. Although the
Cuthbert_Hurd
travel, tourism, insurance
IBM 650
IBM 650
IBM 650
IBM 650
IBM 650
IBM 650
IBM 650
IBM 650
IBM 650
travel, tourism, insurance