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Earliest electronic computer design
A vacuum-tube computer, now termed a first-generation computer, is a computer that uses vacuum tubes for logic circuitry. While the history of mechanical
Vacuum-tube_computer
First generation programmable computers
Vacuum-tube computers, now called first-generation computers, are programmable digital computers using vacuum-tube logic circuitry. They were preceded
List_of_vacuum-tube_computers
Device that controls current between electrodes
A vacuum tube, vac tube, electron tube, thermionic valve (British usage), or tube (North America) is a device that controls electric current flow in a
Vacuum_tube
Early electronic digital computing device
first to use vacuum tubes to do arithmetic calculations. Prior to this, slower electro-mechanical methods were used by Konrad Zuse's Z1 computer, and the
Atanasoff–Berry_computer
First electronic general-purpose digital computer
first computers". TechRepublic. November 23, 2016. Bringing the Eniac back to life. "ENIAC – Life-size model of the first vacuum-tube computer". Germany:
ENIAC
Early British computer
computer, and paper tape for input and program storage. A total of 480 relays were used for sequence control and 199 valves (electronic vacuum tube)
Harwell_computer
Early British cryptanalysis computer
valves (vacuum tubes) to perform Boolean and counting operations. Colossus is regarded as the world's first programmable, electronic, digital computer. The
Colossus_computer
Soviet mainframe computer
Strela computer (Russian: ЭВМ Стрела, lit. 'Arrow') was the first mainframe vacuum-tube computer manufactured serially in the Soviet Union, beginning
Strela_computer
First general-purpose computer designed for business application (1951)
Hopper History of computing hardware LEO (computer) List of UNIVAC products List of vacuum-tube computers Multivac Johnson, L.R., "Coming to grips with
UNIVAC_I
RCA vacuum tube computer (1956–1962)
company decided to build a vacuum-tube computer instead of a transistorized computer. It was the largest vacuum-tube computer of its time in 1956, occupying
BIZMAC
1950s computer
Research Calculator (NORC) was a one-of-a-kind first-generation (vacuum tube) computer built by IBM for the United States Navy's Bureau of Ordnance. It
IBM Naval Ordnance Research Calculator
IBM_Naval_Ordnance_Research_Calculator
Vacuum tube computer developed by the MIT Servomechanisms Laboratory
Whirlwind I is a vacuum-tube computer developed by the MIT Servomechanisms Laboratory for the U.S. Navy. Operational in 1951, it was among the first digital
Whirlwind_I
Computer developed in India
developed a small analog computer in 1953, which is technically the first computer in India. List of vacuum tube computers "The Fascinating Story of
TIFRAC
Vacuum tube computer built by Iowa State College
The Cyclone is a vacuum-tube computer, built by Iowa State College (later University) at Ames, Iowa. The computer was commissioned in July 1959. It was
Cyclone_(computer)
First-generation electronic computer built in 1950
electronic computer in the US. Based on EDVAC, SEAC used only 747 vacuum tubes (a small number for the time) eventually expanded to 1,500 tubes. It had 10
SEAC_(computer)
Vacuum-tube computer system (1954)
terms of architecture and implementation. Like the 701, the 704 used vacuum-tube logic circuitry, but increased the instruction size from 18 bits to 36
IBM_704
considered sufficiently reliable and economical that they made further vacuum tube computers uncompetitive. Metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) large-scale integration
History of computing hardware (1960s–present)
History_of_computing_hardware_(1960s–present)
First transistorized computer in the USA
the vacuum tube computers of the day, using its 1 MHz clock. It operated on less than 100 watts of power and it was much more reliable than its vacuum tube
TRADIC
Computer built using discrete transistors
transistor computer, now often called a second-generation computer, is a computer which uses discrete transistors instead of vacuum tubes. The first generation
Transistor_computer
Early form of computer memory
The Williams tube, or the Williams–Kilburn tube named after British inventors Freddie Williams and Tom Kilburn, is an early form of computer memory. It
Williams_tube
German 1950s computer
easier than writing machine code, and reportedly did so. List of vacuum-tube computers Hans Dieter Hellige (ed.): Geschichten der Informatik. Visionen
Z22_(computer)
Vacuum-tube computer
The ALWAC III-E or Wegematic 1000 was an early commercial vacuum-tube computer employing a rotating magnetic drum main storage unit, operational in 1955
ALWAC_III-E
Overview of and topical guide to computer programming
Analytical Engine Digital computer Vacuum-tube computer List of vacuum-tube computers Transistor computer List of transistorized computers Mainframe Minicomputer
Outline of computer programming
Outline_of_computer_programming
Electronic numeric display device
a vacuum tube in appearance, its operation does not depend on thermionic emission of electrons from a hot cathode. It is hence a cold cathode tube (a
Nixie_tube
Computer built in 1952 for Los Alamos Scientific Lab
of the game without bishops. The computer still needed about 20 minutes between moves. List of vacuum-tube computers Pang, Tao (1997). An Introduction
MANIAC_I
First electronic computer to be built at the Institute for Advanced Study
(Weizmann Institute) Von Neumann architecture List of vacuum-tube computers "The IAS Computer, 1952". National Museum of American History, Smithsonian
IAS_machine
Early electronic computer produced in 1949
BINAC. Ferranti Mark 1 LEO (computer) List of vacuum-tube computers Short Code UNIVAC I "9. The Binac". Digital Computer Newsletter. 1 (2): 4. 1949-09-01
BINAC
1951 British computer
List of vacuum-tube computers Ferry (2003), Chapter 2 Ferry (2003), Chapter 3 Speed, Richard (30 November 2021). "70 years ago, 'computer for business'
LEO_(computer)
Programmable machine that processes data
electronic computer in continental Europe, featuring an advanced internal random-access memory architecture based entirely on electronic vacuum-tube flip-flops
Computer
Early family of computers
The Datatron is a family of vacuum tube computers, developed by ElectroData Corporation, that used internal decimal operations and first shipped in 1954
Datatron
First-generation computer
The Gamma 3 was an early electronic vacuum-tube computer. It was designed by Compagnie des Machines Bull in Paris, France and released in 1952. Originally
Bull_Gamma_3
Series of Soviet mainframe computers built in 1950–60s
built. The machine used approximately 5,000 vacuum tubes. At the time of completion, it was the fastest computer in Europe. The floating-point numbers were
BESM
larger and more useful machine. The LGP-30 was an off-the-shelf vacuum-tube computer manufactured by the Librascope company of Glendale, California. The
History_of_personal_computers
Mid-1960s–late-1980s class of smaller computers
educated on minicomputer systems. AT&T 3B series computers Basic/Four Bendix G-15, a vacuum tube computer sometimes considered an early mini CII Mitra 15
Minicomputer
First computer in the Soviet Union
had about 6,000 vacuum tubes and consumed 25 kW of power. It could perform approximately 3,000 operations per minute. Principal computer architecture scheme
MESM
1961 Bendix Corporation transistorized computer model
California. The G-20 followed the highly successful G-15 vacuum-tube computer. Bendix sold its computer division to Control Data Corporation in 1963, effectively
Bendix_G-20
Lists of computers cover computers, or programmable machines, by period, type, vendor and region. List of vacuum-tube computers List of transistorized
Lists_of_computers
British stored-program computer, 1949
on equal terms. History of computing hardware List of vacuum tube computers Manchester computers United Kingdom Gross Domestic Product deflator figures
Manchester_Mark_1
Vacuum tube computer
Perseus was a vacuum tube (valve) computer built by Ferranti Ltd of Great Britain. It was a development of the Ferranti Pegasus computer for large-scale
Ferranti_Perseus
Type of vacuum-tube computer
Pegasus was an early British vacuum-tube (valve) computer built by Ferranti Ltd that pioneered design features to improve usability for both engineers
Ferranti_Pegasus
Early vacuum-tube computer system
The IBM 702 was an early generation tube-based digital computer produced by IBM in the early to mid-1950s. It was the company's response to Remington
IBM_702
Computer hardware and software capable of playing chess
chess-like games were software programs running on digital computers early in the vacuum-tube computer age (1950s). The early programs played so poorly that
Computer_chess
U.S. Army Reserve training installation
obsolete Martin AN/FSG-1 Antiaircraft Defense System, a 1957-vintage vacuum tube computer, was removed after command of the defense area was transferred to
Sievers Sandberg Reserve Center
Sievers_Sandberg_Reserve_Center
Librascope General Purpose computer (1956)
multi-system emulator.[citation needed] IBM 650 Bendix G-15 List of vacuum-tube computers SIMH "1950-1959 Librazettes". www.librascopememories.com. Librazette:
LGP-30
This is a list of vacuum tubes or thermionic valves, and low-pressure gas-filled tubes, or discharge tubes. Before the advent of semiconductor devices
List_of_vacuum_tubes
Electrode where reduction takes place
of the vacuum tube from the electric potential across the filament. Many vacuum tubes use alternating current to heat the filament. In a tube in which
Cathode
1953 computer
Electronic Digital Automatic Computer, was an early digital computer built by Sperry Corporation in 1953. It used 800 vacuum tubes and had magnetic drum storage
SPEEDAC
Electromechanical computer (1948–1952)
SSEC. Self-modifying code History of IBM History of computer hardware List of vacuum-tube computers Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator Bashe
IBM_SSEC
Vacuum-tube computer system
business applications List of IBM products List of vacuum-tube computers SHARE (computing) Strela computer, comparable Soviet design "IBM 701 Electronic analytical
IBM_701
Early computer built by the RAND Corporation, in service 1953-1966
arithmetic. Johnniac name badge on computer frame Alternate Johnniac view Johnniac keyboard List of vacuum-tube computers Kaisler, Stephen H. (2017-06-20)
JOHNNIAC
Type of computer introduced in 1956
for the registers helped to reduce vacuum tube count. A consequence of this design is that, unlike other computers with magnetic drums, the G-15 does
Bendix_G-15
Cold War-era air defense command and control computer
machines weighed 250 tons. The AN/FSQ-7 used a total of 60,000 vacuum tubes (49,000 in the computers) and up to 3 megawatts of electricity, performing about
AN/FSQ-7 Combat Direction Central
AN/FSQ-7_Combat_Direction_Central
First computer to use magnetic disk storage
equivalent of 64,000 punched cards. The 305 was one of the last vacuum tube computers that IBM built. It weighed over a ton. The IBM 350 disk system stored
IBM_305_RAMAC
Vacuum tube commercial computer, 1958
transistorized circuits (although it was still overwhelmingly a vacuum tube computer). It was fully compatible with existing UNIVAC I programs for both
UNIVAC_II
Electronic computer from 1958
early vacuum tube computer (operational in 1958), the successor to the Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator (EDSAC). It was the first computer to
EDSAC_2
Topics referred to by the same term
generation of video game consoles, 1972–1983 First generation computer, a vacuum-tube computer First Generation, an album by Van der Graaf Generator The First
First_generation
First electronic stored-programme computer, 1948
written reliably at a speed suitable for use in a computer. For use in a binary digital computer, the tube had to be capable of storing either one of two
Manchester_Baby
First commercial electronic computer
hardware List of vacuum-tube computers Manchester computers Dietrich Prinz's Chess Program Several cheaper general purpose computers were available by
Ferranti_Mark_1
Electromechanical computer built at Harvard University in 1949
instruction length, however, was 38 bits, read in parallel. It used 5,000 vacuum tubes and 1,500 crystal diodes. It weighed 10 tons. It used magnetic drum memory
Harvard_Mark_III
Vacuum tube used to display images
A cathode ray tube (CRT) is a vacuum tube containing one or more electron guns, which emit electron beams, which are directed and controlled to display
Cathode_ray_tube
Vacuum tube computer built in 1952 by the University of Illinois
built by the University of Sydney List of vacuum-tube computers Goldstine, Herman H. (1980-10-21). The Computer from Pascal to Von Neumann. Princeton University
ILLIAC_I
Vacuum tube computer system, 1959
drivers all used vacuum tubes, the read sense amplifiers were a very early use of transistors in computing. List of vacuum tube computers IBM 740 CRT recorder
IBM_709
Sweden's first electronic computer
Electronic Sequence Calculator") was Sweden's first electronic computer, using vacuum tubes instead of relays. It was developed by Matematikmaskinnämnden
BESK
Punched card reader for early computers
mainframe vacuum tube computers and early transistorized computers. Announced on May 21, 1952, it was first shipped with the IBM 701. Later IBM computers that
IBM_711
Control panel programmable electronic calculating card punch
IBM 604 vacuum tube modules Single vacuum tube module Two-tube modules IBM 603 IBM 608 IBM 701 List of IBM products List of vacuum-tube computers IBM 603
IBM_604
One of the first computers built in the United Kingdom
stored with the matrix, along with the dimensions. List of vacuum-tube computers MOSAIC computer "automatic computing engine". Science Photo Library. Retrieved
Pilot_ACE
Early commercial computer
replacing the Williams tube memory with core memory and using more solid-state components. The computer had roughly 2000 vacuum tubes (mostly type CV2179/A2134
Ferranti_Mercury
do not flicker to the human observer) 7 × 101: Whirlwind I 1951 vacuum tube computer and IBM 1620 1959 transistorized scientific minicomputer 1.3 × 102:
Computer performance by orders of magnitude
Computer_performance_by_orders_of_magnitude
Early electronic digital computer built in 1950
Chemistry in 1964. List of vacuum tube computers McMurran, Marshall William (2008). ACHIEVING ACCURACY: A Legacy of Computers and Missiles. Xlibris Corporation
SWAC_(computer)
1940s–1950s British computer
History of computing hardware Timeline of operating systems List of vacuum-tube computers Wilkes, W. V.; Renwick, W. (1950). "The EDSAC (Electronic delay
EDSAC
of computer history Retrocomputing – Hobbyist use of older computer equipment Timeline of computing List of pioneers in computer science Vacuum-tube computer –
History_of_computing_hardware
Univac computer introduced in 1953
computing hardware List of vacuum-tube computers McMurran, Marshall William (11 December 2008). ACHIEVING ACCURACY: A Legacy of Computers and Missiles. Xlibris
UNIVAC_1103
Mainframe computer systems made by IBM through the 1950s and early 1960s
The 700 class machines use vacuum tubes; the 7000 class machines are transistorized. All machines (like most other computers of the time) use magnetic-core
IBM_700/7000_series
Computer built from mechanical components such as levers and gears
floating point arithmetic. Some relay-based computers remained in service after the development of vacuum-tube computers, where their slower speed was compensated
Mechanical_computer
Australia's first digital computer
the computer, on her debut album I Love My Computer. Computer music Electronic music History of computing hardware List of vacuum-tube computers SILLIAC
CSIRAC
Ordnance Discrete Variable Automatic Computer
ILLIAC II ILLIAC III ILLIAC IV History of computing hardware List of vacuum tube computers "The History of Computing at BRL". chimera.roma1.infn.it. Retrieved
ORDVAC
The Elliot 152 was a vacuum tube fixed-program computer developed for naval gunnery control at the Elliott Brothers laboratory in Borehamwood, Hertfordshire
Elliott_152
1954 transportable computer
been the first computer to implement interrupts for I/O. DYSEAC weighed about 20 US tons (18 metric tons). SEAC List of vacuum-tube computers "9. Bureau of
DYSEAC
Electronic stored-program computer built at Harvard University in 1952
Harvard Mark III List of vacuum-tube computers Research, United States Office of Naval (1953). A survey of automatic digital computers. Office of Naval Research
Harvard_Mark_IV
1955 random number compilation
Douglas Aircraft Company partnered with RAND in 1947 to create a vacuum tube computer to be used as what RAND described as an "electronic roulette wheel"
A Million Random Digits with 100,000 Normal Deviates
A_Million_Random_Digits_with_100,000_Normal_Deviates
Early computer
current point in the serial memory's recirculation cycle. The computer had 5,937 vacuum tubes and 12,000 diodes, and consumed 56 kW of power. It covered
EDVAC
Early gas-discharge lamp
of the amplifying vacuum tube in 1907, which created the field of electronics and dominated it for 50 years, and the cathode-ray tube which was used in
Geissler_tube
Vacuum-tube 1950s computer system
rough optimization. The LGP-30, Bendix G-15 and IBM 305 RAMAC computers used vacuum tubes and drum memory too, but they were quite different from the IBM
IBM_650
Card-Programmed Electronic Calculator
improved machine, the CPC-II, was also announced. IBM's electronic (vacuum tube) calculators can perform multiple calculations, including division. The
IBM_CPC
Range of Bulgarian personal computers
personal computers made in Bulgaria. Before that, various types of large computer systems were used, the size of rooms (60-70), as well as even vacuum tube computers
Pravetz_(computer)
Early and obsolete type of computer memory
Zworykin. It was a vacuum tube that stored digital data as electrostatic charges using technology similar to the Williams tube storage device. The team
Selectron_tube
Computer built in 1957 for Los Alamos Scientific Lab
implementation of the program on the computer, and the I/O devices used in the production of the book. List of vacuum-tube computers MANIAC I MANIAC III Lazarus
MANIAC_II
Pentode vacuum tube
pentode vacuum tube (thermionic valve). According to its manufacturer, Sylvania, it was "designed for service in electronic computers". The tube was developed
7AK7
Early computer built in Australia
Sydney University's first computer List of vacuum-tube computers Deane, John (2006). SILLIAC – Vacuum Tube Supercomputer. Sydney: Science Foundation for
SILLIAC
Early computer at US Army lab
logistical problems, and weapons systems evaluations. It contained 1727 vacuum tubes and 853 transistors and had a memory of 4096 68-bit words. BRLESC employed
BRLESC
Vacuum tube computer system
units. It was a slow and limited computer, and was generally replaced by the IBM 1620. List of vacuum-tube computers PC Mag. Ziff Davis, Inc. 1984-03-06
IBM_610
Series of stored-program electronic computers
prove the practicality of the Williams tube, an early form of computer memory based on standard cathode-ray tubes (CRTs); and to construct a machine that
Manchester_computers
some earlier computers were considered supercomputers for their day such as the 1954 IBM NORC and 1955 AN/FSQ-7 vacuum tube computers in the 1950s, and
History_of_supercomputing
Compressed air or vacuum transport system
cylindrical containers/carriers through networks of tubes by compressed air or by partial vacuum. They are used for transporting solid objects, as opposed
Pneumatic_tube
First computer in Denmark, 1957
magnetic tape and other peripherals were added later on. List of vacuum-tube computers "DASK ALGOL" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on September
DASK
Business computer
simple circuits, with approximately 1000 ex-Government thermionic valves (vacuum tubes) mainly 6J6s which were B7G-based double triodes. The memory consisted
Hollerith_Electronic_Computer
had 2,700 vacuum tubes, weighed 14,000 pounds (7.0 short tons; 6.4 t), and occupied 122 square feet (11.3 m2) of floor area. The computers were connected
UNIVAC_1102
Early Canadian computer
Computer), also known as UTEC Mark I, was an early computer built at the University of Toronto (U of T) in the early 1950s. It was the first computer
UTEC
Early British computer
of vacuum-tube computers Copeland, B. Jack (24 May 2012). Alan Turing's Electronic Brain: The Struggle to Build the ACE, the World's Fastest Computer. OUP
English_Electric_DEUCE
Electron tube
University of Toronto Electronic Computer, (UTEC) The Additron neither went into production at the Canadian Rogers Vacuum Tube Company, where the prototypes
Additron_tube
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VACUUM TUBE-COMPUTER
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VACUUM TUBE-COMPUTER
VACUUM TUBE-COMPUTER
VACUUM TUBE-COMPUTER
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