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Chemical compound
(2S,4R)-4-Hydroxyproline, or L-hydroxyproline (C5H9O3N), is an amino acid, abbreviated as Hyp or O, e.g., in Protein Data Bank. In 1902, Hermann Emil
Hydroxyproline
Most abundant structural protein in animals
its high hydroxyproline content. The most common motifs in collagen's amino acid sequence are glycine-proline-X and glycine-X-hydroxyproline, where X
Collagen
Pharmaceutical compound
Glycyl-prolyl-hydroxyproline (Gly-Pro-Hyp, Tripeptide-29) is a tripeptide that is derived from collagen. Repeating units of Gly-Pro-Hyp form a major part
Glycyl-prolyl-hydroxyproline
Main protein structure of fibrous collagen
Glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline must be in their designated positions with the correct configuration. For example, hydroxyproline in the Y position increases
Collagen_helix
Enzyme
In enzymology, a [Skp1-protein]-hydroxyproline N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.229) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction UDP-N-acetylglucosamine
(Skp1-protein)-hydroxyproline N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase
(Skp1-protein)-hydroxyproline_N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase
Enzyme
ascorbate. This particular enzyme catalyzes the formation of (2S, 4R)-4-hydroxyproline, a compound that represents the most prevalent post-translational modification
Procollagen-proline dioxygenase
Procollagen-proline_dioxygenase
Class of enzymes
In enzymology, a 4-hydroxyproline epimerase (EC 5.1.1.8) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons
4-hydroxyproline_epimerase
Organic compound
type is proline, although the related non-proteinogenic amino acids hydroxyproline and pipecolic acid have often been included in studies of this class
Imino_acid
Family of glycoproteins found in plants
Extensins are a family of flexuous, rodlike, hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGPs) of the plant cell wall. They are highly abundant proteins. There
Extensin
Mixture of peptides and proteins derived from animals
primarily composed of amino acids, including glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline. These amino acid chains form a three-dimensional network through hydrogen
Gelatin
Animals with more than 70% meat in their diets
mitochondria, which would allow glyoxylate to be metabolised from the hydroxyproline present in animal matter. Hypocarnivore List of feeding behaviours Mesocarnivore
Hypercarnivore
Chemical reaction which adds an –OH group to an organic compound
contains a hydroxyproline at almost every 3rd residue in its amino acid sequence. Collagen consists of both 3‐hydroxyproline and 4‐hydroxyproline residues
Hydroxylation
Outermost layer of some cells
proteins (1-5%) are found in most plant cell walls; they are classified as hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins (HRGP), arabinogalactan proteins (AGP), glycine-rich
Cell_wall
Process of treating animal skin to produce leather
Collagen is characterized by a high content of glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline, usually in the repeat -gly-pro-hypro-gly-. These residues give rise
Tanning_(leather)
Genus of flowering plants used as herbs
mugwort pollen, is a modular glycoprotein with a defensin-like and a hydroxyproline-rich domain". The FASEB Journal. 17 (1): 106–8. doi:10.1096/fj.02-0472fje
Mugwort
The enzyme trans-L-3-hydroxyproline dehydratase (EC 4.2.1.77) catalyzes the chemical reaction trans-L-3-hydroxyproline ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons
Trans-L-3-hydroxyproline dehydratase
Trans-L-3-hydroxyproline_dehydratase
Organic compounds containing amine and carboxylic groups
directly and in isolation by standard cellular machinery. For example, hydroxyproline is synthesized from proline, and selenomethionine is produced by metabolic
Amino_acid
Chemical compound
compounds (e.g. piracetam, aniracetam). The amino acids proline and hydroxyproline are, in a structural sense, derivatives of pyrrolidine. Pyrrolidine
Pyrrolidine
Amino acids containing a secondary amine
proline, and acyclic N-substituted amino acids. In nature, proline, hydroxyproline, pipecolic acid and sarcosine are well-known secondary amino acids.
Secondary_amino_acid
Species of alga
in diameter that swims with two flagella. It has a cell wall made of hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins, a large cup-shaped chloroplast, a large pyrenoid
Chlamydomonas_reinhardtii
Plant peptide hormone
functions have been identified in tomato and outside of the Solanaceae. Hydroxyproline-rich glycopeptides were found in tobacco in 2001 and AtPeps (Arabidopsis
Systemin
Pharmaceutical compound
applications. Cartalax Cortagen CyRL-QN15 Epitalon GHK-Cu GPE Glycyl-prolyl-hydroxyproline Livagen Pinealon SVT-NH-ethyl Tetrapeptide-21 Dalmasso G, Charrier-Hisamuddin
KPV_tripeptide
Amino acid
from serine, glycine can also be derived from threonine, choline or hydroxyproline via inter-organ metabolism of the liver and kidneys. Glycine is degraded
Glycine
Amino acid that is incorporated biosynthetically into proteins during translation
produced directly and in isolation by standard cellular machinery (like hydroxyproline). The latter often results from post-translational modification of proteins
Proteinogenic_amino_acid
65938 120081-14-3 GHK-Cu Gly-His-Lys 342538 49557-75-7 Glycyl-prolyl-hydroxyproline Gly-Pro-Hyp 11778669 2239-67-0 Hexapeptide-10 Ser-Ile-Lys-Val-Ala-Val
Matrikine
Peptide consisting of three amino acids joined by peptide bonds
(Glu-Asp-Gly) PGP (Pro-Gly-Pro) a neutrophil chemoattractant. Glycyl-prolyl-hydroxyproline (Gly-Pro-Hyp) Dipeptide Tetrapeptide Nelson, David L.; Cox, Michael
Tripeptide
Disease resulting from a lack of vitamin C
the hydroxylation of the proline and lysine amino acids in collagen. Hydroxyproline and hydroxylysine are important for stabilizing collagen by cross-linking
Scurvy
Biochemical process
the hydroxyl oxygen of serine, threonine, tyrosine, hydroxylysine, or hydroxyproline side-chains, or to oxygens on lipids such as ceramide. Phosphoglycans
Glycosylation
Glycoproteins found in plant cell walls
than 90% of the total mass). They are members of the wider class of hydroxyproline (Hyp)-rich cell wall glycoproteins, a large and diverse group of glycosylated
Arabinogalactan_protein
Chemical compound
] Acetyl hexapeptide-3 BPC-157 CyRL-QN15 Glutathione Glycyl-prolyl-hydroxyproline KPV tripeptide Matrikine Palmitoyl pentapeptide-4 Silk peptides Small
Copper_peptide_GHK-Cu
Hadrosaurid dinosaur genus from Late Cretaceous US and Canada
original dinosaur organic material, showing the presence of ancient hydroxyproline (a building block of collagen) in the fossil, and refuting the hypothesis
Edmontosaurus
Method for determining the age of objects
fraction that remains after washing away the bone's structural material. Hydroxyproline, one of the constituent amino acids in bone, was once thought to be
Radiocarbon_dating
75052-04-9 C5H9NO2S propanesulfonylacetonitrile 175137-61-8 C5H9NO3 hydroxyproline 51-35-4 C5H9NO3S acetylcysteine 616-91-1 C5H9NS isobutyl isothiocyanate
List of compounds with carbon number 5
List_of_compounds_with_carbon_number_5
Pharmaceutical compound
purported anti-aging effects. Ac-SDKP KPV tripeptide GHK-Cu Glycyl-prolyl-hydroxyproline Palmitoyl pentapeptide-4 Palmitoyl tetrapeptide-7 Silk peptides Tetrapeptide-21
Palmitoyl_tripeptide-38
Type of connective tissue in animals
other than glycine however these slots are typically occupied by both hydroxyproline and proline, not in any particular order. This specific conformation
Type_I_collagen
Class of enzymes
reaction cis-4-hydroxyproline + NAD+ H+ H+ 4-oxo-L-proline + NADH The substrates of this enzyme are cis-4-hydroxyproline, and oxidised nicotinamide
4-oxoproline_reductase
Species of perennial legume
Glutamic acid 5031 mg Glycine 802 mg Proline 955 mg Serine 1028 mg Hydroxyproline 0 mg Vitamins and minerals Vitamins Quantity %DV† Thiamine (B1) 54%
Pigeon_pea
Clear liquid secreted from glands in eyes of mammals
dimethylarginine, citrulline, creatine, glutamine, homoarginine, hydroxyproline, phenylalanine, proline, pyroglutamic acid, serine, taurine, theonine
Tears
Protein with oligosaccharide modifications
on tyrosine or non-canonical amino acids such as hydroxylysine and hydroxyproline. In P-glycosylation, sugars are attached to phosphorus on a phosphoserine
Glycoprotein
Type of tissue that connects muscle to bone
tendons, the collagen fibres have some flexibility due to the absence of hydroxyproline and proline residues at specific locations in the amino acid sequence
Tendon
Linear sequence of amino acids in a peptide or protein
be hydroxylated at either of two atoms, as can lysine (at one atom). Hydroxyproline is a critical component of collagen, which becomes unstable upon its
Protein_primary_structure
elastic, collagen, and hydroxyproline components were sampled and then studied. It was found that the elastic, collagen, and hydroxyproline components were higher
Abdominal_fascia
Organic compounds with hydroxyl and amino groups on an alkane backbone
products. Two amino acids are alkanolamines, formally speaking: serine and hydroxyproline. Tropane alkaloids such as Alkanolamines Methanolamine, from the reaction
Alkanolamine
Marine flowering plants
apiogalacturonans. In addition to polysaccharides, glycoproteins of the hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein family, are important components of cell walls of
Seagrass
Acetic acid bearing an aldehyde group
oxidation of glycolate in peroxisomes or through the catabolism of hydroxyproline in mitochondria. In the peroxisomes, glyoxylate is converted into glycine
Glyoxylic_acid
Protein produced by silkworms
determine this, scientists ran several experimental procedures, including a hydroxyproline assay, impedance measurements, water loss from the epidermis and scanning
Sericin
Amino acids not naturally encoded in the genome
carboxylation of glutamate allows for better binding of calcium cations, and in hydroxyproline the hydroxylation of proline is critical for maintaining connective
Non-proteinogenic_amino_acids
Carcass found in Florida, US in 1896
7.1 3.9 6.0 5.8 5.5 8.0 glutamic acid 17.7 8.8 14.2 16.6 12.6 16.7 hydroxyproline not made not made not made not made not made not made proline 4.7 16
St._Augustine_Monster
Structural carbohydrate in the cell walls of land plants and some algae
so called arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs), which are rich in proline/hydroxyproline, alanine, serine, and threonine. D-galacturonic acid residues residues
Pectin
Type of synthetic peptide
collagens. A CHP peptide usually possesses a high content of proline and hydroxyproline in the Xaa and Yaa positions, which confers it a strong propensity to
Collagen_hybridizing_peptide
Formation of mineral deposits in the kidneys
stones, and iminoglycinurics produce stones of glycine, proline, and hydroxyproline. Urolithiasis has also been noted to occur in the setting of therapeutic
Kidney_stone_disease
Phylum of green algae
crystalline covering composed of glycoproteins abundant in glycine and hydroxyproline, as well as pectins, arabinogalactan proteins, and extensin. They exhibit
Chlorophyta
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Biological process release of sequestered calcium ion into cytosol 4-hydroxyproline metabolic process extracellular matrix organization protein maturation
ERO1L
Disease affecting bone remodeling
turnover in urine eg. Pyridinoline Elevated levels of serum and urinary hydroxyproline are also found. Bone scans are useful in determining the extent and
Paget's_disease_of_bone
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
involved in metabolism of hydroxyproline to glyoxylate. The enzyme overactivity can form excessive glyoxylate from hydroxyproline. Glyoxylate is catabolised
HOGA1
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
related proteins, prolyl 4-hydroxylase catalyzes the formation of 4-hydroxyproline that is essential to the proper three-dimensional folding of newly synthesized
P4HA2
Bag in Khongor, Darkhan-Uul, Mongolia
In 2019, the Salkhit skull was again radiocarbon dated, analyzing hydroxyproline in bone-extracted collagen, placing it in the range 34,950–33,900 cal
Salkhit
Chemical compound
having a completely aliphatic side chain. Multiple prolines and/or hydroxyprolines in a row can create a polyproline helix, the predominant secondary
Proline
American chemist
|journal= (help) "Kwon Phosphines: P-Chiral Monodentate Phosphines from Hydroxyproline". Sigma-Aldrich. Retrieved 2021-06-02. "Kwon Chiral Phosphines - Chiral
Ohyun_Kwon
Artificial complex media
hydrochloride; 30 mg serine; 20 mg each aspartic acid, glutamic acid, hydroxyproline, proline, threonine, tyrosine, and valine; 15 mg each histidine, methionine
RPMI_1640
Metabolic disorder
vitamins are needed. In Hartnup disease, urinary excretion of proline, hydroxyproline, and arginine remains unchanged, differentiating it from other causes
Hartnup_disease
Set of three congruent geometrical helices with the same axis
Gly-X-Y sequence, it is post-translationally modified to hydroxyproline. The hydroxyproline can enter into favorable interactions with water, which stabilizes
Triple_helix
Natural water-soluble glycoprotein
and cosmetic applications. Acetyl hexapeptide-3 GHK-Cu Glycyl-prolyl-hydroxyproline Hyaluronic acid KPV tripeptide Matrikine Palmitoyl pentapeptide-4
Silk_peptides
Topics referred to by the same term
and Princeton Universities Hungry Young Poets, a Philippine rock band Hydroxyproline, an amino acid Hypothetical mood in grammar People's Ascent Party (Turkish:
HYP
Mammalian protein
residues of the 239 in the triple-helical domain are hydroxylated to 4-hydroxyproline by prolyl-4-hydroxylase. Second, some of the lysine residues are hydroxylated
Collagen,_type_III,_alpha_1
Medical condition
lifecycle. Of these dipeptides, those containing C-terminal proline or hydroxyproline would normally be broken down further by the enzyme Prolidase, recovering
Prolidase_deficiency
Chemical compound
precipitates are those derived from the amino acids, including proline and hydroxyproline. It also reacts with Hg+2 compounds, giving a red color or a red precipitate
Reinecke's_salt
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Matsumura Y, Maeda H (May 1988). "Isolation and identification of hydroxyproline analogues of bradykinin in human urine". FEBS Letters. 232 (1): 252–4
Kininogen_1
Class of enzymes
reaction Release of any N-terminal amino acid, including proline and hydroxyproline, but no cleavage of Xaa-Pro- This enzyme is secreted enzyme from Clostridium
Clostridial_aminopeptidase
Belgian-American plant biologist
for over four decades. His early research focused on the secretion of hydroxyproline-rich glycoproteins in plant cells. He later investigated the biosynthesis
Maarten_Chrispeels
Hyaluronic acid Hyaluronidase Hydrogen peroxide 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Hydroxyproline 5-Hydroxytryptamine Indigo dye Indole Inosine Inositol Insulin Insulin-like
List_of_biomolecules
Database. Adams E; Goldstone A (1960). "Hydroxyproline metabolism. III. Enzymatic synthesis of hydroxyproline from Delta1-pyrroline-3-hydroxy-5-carboxylate"
Pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase
Pyrroline-5-carboxylate_reductase
Pharmaceutical compound
its purported anti-aging effects. KPV tripeptide GHK-Cu Glycyl-prolyl-hydroxyproline Hexapeptide-10 Palmitoyl pentapeptide-4 Palmitoyl Tripeptide-38 Silk
Tetrapeptide-21
Cave and archaeological site in Croatia
new technique using AMS ultrafiltration based on the extraction of hydroxyproline to directly date several samples from Vindija Cave. Their direct AMS
Vindija_Cave
synthase EC 4.2.1.76: UDP-glucose 4,6-dehydratase EC 4.2.1.77: trans-L-3-hydroxyproline dehydratase EC 4.2.1.78: Now EC 3.5.99.14, (S)-norcoclaurine synthase
List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_4)
Plant-specific gene
EARLY FLOWERING 3 (ELF3) is a plant-specific gene that encodes the hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein and is required for the function of the circadian clock
ELF3
Class of enzymes
of 2,5-dioxovalerate, an intermediate in the bacterial oxidation of hydroxyproline". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 240 (11): 4352–6. doi:10
1-pyrroline-4-hydroxy-2-carboxylate deaminase
1-pyrroline-4-hydroxy-2-carboxylate_deaminase
Distributed computing project simulating protein folding
Vijay S. Pande (2005). "A New Set of Molecular Mechanics Parameters for Hydroxyproline and Its Use in Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Collagen-Like Peptides"
Folding@home
False appearance of an athletic body due to disease or injury
Spastic cerebral palsy Calf muscle Childhood-onset accumulation of hydroxyproline (aminoacid exclusive to collagen) in calf muscles Stiff-person syndrome
Pseudoathletic_appearance
Protein family
insufficient stringent per se to discriminate proline racemases from 4-hydroxyproline epimerases (HyPRE). Also, additional, non-dissociated elements that
Proline_racemase
Chemical compound
are pervasive and, for example, are required for the synthesis of 4-hydroxyproline. Hausinger, R. P."Fe(II)/α-ketoglutarate-dependent hydroxylases and
N-Oxalylglycine
Chemical compound
and by independent organisations. KPV tripeptide GHK-Cu Glycyl-prolyl-hydroxyproline Palmitoyl Tripeptide-38 "Matrixyl™ | Palmitoyl pentapeptide-4; former
Palmitoyl_pentapeptide-4
Species of shrub
Glutamic acid 2.34 ± 0.18 Glycine 0.58 ± 0.05 Histidine 0.47 ± 0.07 Hydroxyproline 0.24 ± 0.01 Isoleucine 0.62 ± 0.02 Leucine 1.03 ± 0.05 Lysine 1.03 ±
Ximenia_afra
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
modifications of the core-specific lectin. The core-specific lectin contains hydroxyproline, hydroxylysine, and glucosylgalactosylhydroxylysine residues". Journal
Mannan-binding_lectin
catalyzes the chemical reaction L-proline Fe(IV)=O Fe(II) 3-hydroxyproline The enzyme is a member of the alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent hydroxylase
Procollagen-proline 3-dioxygenase
Procollagen-proline_3-dioxygenase
Class of enzymes
88 at KEGG Pathway Database. Adams E, Goldstone A (December 1960). "Hydroxyproline metabolism. IV. Enzymatic synthesis of gamma-hydroxyglutamate from Delta
1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase
1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylate_dehydrogenase
Family of transport proteins
with other unusual aminoacids such as ethylnorvaline, isovaline and hydroxyproline; the N-terminus is acetylated, and the C-terminal amino acid is hydroxylated
Peptaibol
Class of enzymes
preference is shown for Gly at P3 and P1', Pro and Ala at P2 and P2', and hydroxyproline, Ala or Arg at P3' Six species of metalloendopeptidase acting on native
Microbial_collagenase
Describes a new class of consumer health testing
Glutamine ✓ Histidine ✓ Isoleucine ✓ Ornithine ✓ Alpha-Aminobutyric acid ✓ Hydroxyproline ✓ Lysine ✓ Leucine ✓ Beta-Aminoisobutyric acid ✓ Phosphoethanolamine
Direct-to-consumer blood testing
Direct-to-consumer_blood_testing
lactosylceramide 4-α-galactosyltransferase EC 2.4.1.229: [Skp1-protein]-hydroxyproline N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase EC 2.4.1.230: kojibiose phosphorylase
List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_2)
Chemical compound
abbreviations, AFPep has the sequence cyclo(EKTOVNOGN), where O is hydroxyproline. This peptide has been shown in experimental animal models to be efficacious
AFPep
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Pugh CW, et al. (June 2002). "Structural basis for the recognition of hydroxyproline in HIF-1 alpha by pVHL". Nature. 417 (6892): 975–978. doi:10.1038/nature00767
HIF1A
Chemical compound
"Important roles of dietary taurine, creatine, carnosine, anserine and 4-hydroxyproline in human nutrition and health". Amino Acids. 52 (3): 329–360. doi:10
Anserine
Partial list of the "D" codes for Medical Subject Headings
MeSH D12.125.072.401.623.374 – fosinopril MeSH D12.125.072.401.623.478 – hydroxyproline MeSH D12.125.072.401.761 – pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid MeSH D12.125.072
List_of_MeSH_codes_(D12.125)
Species of liverwort
that when treated with compounds that interfere with normal proline-hydroxyproline-protein synthesis (specifically hydroxy-L-proline and 2,2'-dipyridyl)
Nowellia_curvifolia
Class of enzymes
catalyses the following chemical reaction: Cleavage of the proline- and hydroxyproline-rich proteins of the Chlamydomonas cell wall; also cleaves azocasein
Autolysin
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
related proteins, prolyl 4-hydroxylase catalyzes the formation of 4-hydroxyproline that is essential to the proper three-dimensional folding of newly synthesized
P4HA1
British botanist (1930–2006)
abscission. Nature 225: 1019–1022 (abstract) Ridge I, Osborne DJ. (1970) Hydroxyproline and peroxidases in cell walls of Pisum sativum: regulation by ethylene
Daphne_Osborne
Insect protein
ligaments of locusts. The result indicates that resilin lacks methionine, hydroxyproline, and cysteine constituents in its amino acid composition. Resilin was
Resilin
Organic compounds containing the azide (N3) functional group
Shaffer, Karl J.; Taylor, Carol M. (2006-08-01). "β-Glycosides of Hydroxyproline via an Umpolung Approach". Organic Letters. 8 (18): 3959–3962. doi:10
Organic_azide
HYDROXYPROLINE
HYDROXYPROLINE
HYDROXYPROLINE
HYDROXYPROLINE
Boy/Male
Indian, Tamil
Handsome
Boy/Male
British, Chinese, English, French, German, Teutonic
Brave Noble; Noble and Courageous; Noble Eagle
Boy/Male
Indian, Telugu
River
Boy/Male
Indian
Servant of the compeller
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
A high standard
Biblical
he that is heard; he that is obeyed
Boy/Male
Tamil
Chintamani | சிஂதமாணீ
Philosophers stone, A jewel
Girl/Female
Latin
Honest.
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Malayalam
God; Lord Shiva
Girl/Female
Australian, French, German, Italian
Peace; Voyage; Courage
HYDROXYPROLINE
HYDROXYPROLINE
HYDROXYPROLINE
HYDROXYPROLINE
HYDROXYPROLINE