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Integrated circuit that interfaces flash memory to a host like a PC
A flash memory controller (or flash controller) manages data stored on flash memory (usually NAND flash) and communicates with a computer or electronic
Flash_memory_controller
Device controlling access and addressing of memory
A memory controller, also known as memory chip controller (MCC) or a memory controller unit (MCU), is a digital circuit that manages the flow of data going
Memory_controller
manufacturers of flash memory controllers for various flash memory devices like SSDs, USB flash drives, SD cards, and CompactFlash cards. Note: Independent=sells
List of flash memory controller manufacturers
List_of_flash_memory_controller_manufacturers
Electronic non-volatile computer storage device
consists of one or more flash memory chips (each holding many flash memory cells), along with a separate flash memory controller chip. The NAND type is
Flash_memory
Data storage device
Universal Serial Bus-Based PC Flash Disk" that combined flash memory storage with USB connectors through a USB controller. The patent was subsequently
USB_flash_drive
Interface used for connecting storage devices
NVM Express (NVMe, Non-Volatile Memory Express) or Non-Volatile Memory Host Controller Interface Specification (NVMHCIS) is an open, logical-device interface
NVM_Express
File system designed to run on flash memory
A flash file system is a file system designed for storing files on flash memory–based storage devices. While flash file systems are closely related to
Flash_file_system
include the manufacturers of specific components of SSDs, such as flash memory controllers. History of hard disk drives List of computer hardware manufacturers
List of solid-state drive manufacturers
List_of_solid-state_drive_manufacturers
either the storage interface controller on CPU or chipset, the flash memory controller on solid state drive, or the disk controller on hard disk drive. In history
Storage_controller
Phenomenon associated with solid state storage
Write amplification (WA) is an undesirable phenomenon associated with flash memory and solid-state drives (SSDs) where the actual amount of information
Write_amplification
Computer memory architecture
multi-channel memory architecture is a technology that increases the data transfer rate between the DRAM memory and the memory controller by adding more
Multi-channel memory architecture
Multi-channel_memory_architecture
Computer storage device with no moving parts
solid-state drive Dynamic random-access memory Flash Core Module Hard disk drive List of flash memory controller manufacturers List of solid-state drive
Solid-state_drive
Flash storage specification
2026 TLC or QLC usually used for UFS) with an integrated controller. The proposed flash memory specification is supported by consumer electronics companies
Universal_Flash_Storage
Taiwanese electronics company
manufactures and sells controllers for NAND flash memory chips. These are integrated into flash-based products such as USB flash drives, memory cards, and solid-state
Phison
Index of articles associated with the same name
type of storage controller Flash controller, or SSD controller, which manages flash memory Storage controller Terminal access controller IBM 2821 Control
Controller_(computing)
Operating principle for certain storage media
cycles but many flash devices have one block with a specially extended life of 100,000+ cycles that can be used by the flash memory controller to track wear
Wear_leveling
Memory cell capable of storing more than a single bit of information
Paper". 2013. "Hyperstone Blog | Solid State bit density and the Flash Memory Controller". Hyperstone GmbH. 2018-04-17. Retrieved 2023-02-11. Prophet, Graham
Multi-level_cell
manufacturers List of laptop brands and manufacturers List of flash memory controller manufacturers List of printer companies List of semiconductor companies
List of computer hardware manufacturers
List_of_computer_hardware_manufacturers
American-Taiwanese electronics company
NAND flash controller integrated circuits (ICs) for solid-state storage devices. The company has claimed to have supplied more NAND flash controllers than
Silicon_Motion
Type of memory used on processors that require high transfer rate memory
an unprecedented demand increase, and in general DRAM (DDR4, DDR, and flash memory/NAND) price has in early 2026 "experienced compounded increases, some
High_Bandwidth_Memory
Form of non-volatile memory used in computers and other electronic devices
memory in the form of erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) and flash memory can
Read-only_memory
IBM Storage enterprise system that store data on flash memory
provide IBM Variable Stripe RAID data protection as well as standard flash memory controller functions. IBM claims that these architectural attributes provide
IBM_FlashSystem
Former Israeli technology company
Israeli fabless designer of flash memory controllers. It was acquired by Apple in 2012 as it was the maker of a flash-memory drive component for the iPhone
Anobit
Flash memory card format
The SD card is a proprietary, non-volatile, flash memory card format developed by the SD Association (SDA). They come in three physical forms: the full-size
SD_card
Overview of and topical guide to computers
Fiscal memory devices Flash memory Flash memory controller Flat memory model Genetic memory (computer science) Unbuffered memory Uniform Memory Access
Outline_of_computers
Video game console technology
Multi-memory controllers or memory management controllers (MMC) are different kinds of special chips designed by various video game developers for use
Memory_management_controller
Stored data in computer systems
is modular; the storage controller is not tied to media itself like with hard drives or flash storage (→flash memory controller), allowing it to be removed
Backup
Self-correcting computer data storage
RAM parity memory, and ECC memory. This problem can be mitigated by using DRAM modules that include extra memory bits and memory controllers that exploit
ECC_memory
American semiconductor company
designed flash memory controllers for solid-state drives (SSDs). On January 4, 2012, SandForce was acquired by LSI Corporation and became the Flash Components
SandForce
List of dynamic random-access memory manufacturers
manufacturers List of defunct hard disk manufacturers List of flash memory controller manufacturers List of integrated circuit manufacturers List of
List_of_DRAM_manufacturers
Topics referred to by the same term
Fluoromethcathinone FPGA Mezzanine Card Fundamental modeling concepts Flash memory controller Fellows Morton & Clayton, a defunct British canal transportation
FMC
Semiconductor memory supply crisis
companies struggling to find suppliers for components such as NAND flash. Memory suppliers are adapting to increased demands and market unpredictability
2025–present global memory supply shortage
2025–present_global_memory_supply_shortage
Memory card format
CompactFlash (CF) is a flash memory mass storage device used mainly in portable electronic devices. The format was specified and the devices were first
CompactFlash
Type of computer memory
memory, in contrast to static random-access memory (SRAM) which does not require data to be refreshed. Unlike flash memory, DRAM is volatile memory (as
Dynamic_random-access_memory
Brand of flash memory and DRAM products
specializes in designing flash memory products. Since 2017, it has been a subsidiary of Shenzhen, China-based flash memory company Longsys. The Lexar
Lexar
Family of microprocessor cores with Arm microarchitecture
Motion control Advanced peripheral devices, such as flash memory controller and network interface controller ARM Cortex-R52+ processor IP core achieved certification
ARM_Cortex-R
Novel computer memory type
technology. More recently, interest and research have resumed as flash and DRAM memory technologies are expected to encounter scaling difficulties as chip
Phase-change_memory
IBM data storage technology that uses PCI Express and NVMe
inside the SSD. The flash controllers used a hardware only data path that enabled lower latency than any other commodity controllers could achieve. This
Flash_Core_Module
electronics Electric vehicle batteries Electronic design automation Flash memory controllers Graphics chips and cards Hard disk drives Photovoltaics Printers
List_of_pornography_companies
American technology company
Utah, that designed and manufactured products using flash memory technology. The Fusion ioMemory was marketed for applications such as databases, virtualization
Fusion-io
Computer memory architecture
and controller cards. On-line mass storage – secondary storage. Off-line bulk storage – tertiary and off-line storage. This is a general memory hierarchy
Memory_hierarchy
Data storage device
MOS capacitor per cell. Non-volatile memory (such as EPROM, EEPROM and flash memory) uses floating-gate memory cells, which consist of a single floating-gate
Semiconductor_memory
Music-marketing brands promoting and distributing recording artists
electronics Electric vehicle batteries Electronic design automation Flash memory controllers Graphics chips and cards Hard disk drives Photovoltaics Printers
Lists_of_record_labels
Controller for disk storage, usually integrated into the drive
usually a microcontroller or an ASIC. Disk controllers can also control the timing of access to flash memory, which is not mechanical in nature (i.e.,
Disk_controller
US semiconductor manufacturer
Greenliant Systems is a U.S. manufacturer of NAND flash memory-based solid-state storage, controller semiconductors for embedded systems, and data center
Greenliant_Systems
Type of command for solid-state drive
empty page, potentially crippling write performance. SSDs store data in flash memory cells that are grouped into pages typically of 4 to 16 KiB, grouped together
Trim_(computing)
Integrated circuit customized for a specific task
are encoding/decoding chip, Ethernet network interface controller chip and flash memory controller chip.[irrelevant citation] Application-specific instruction
Application-specific integrated circuit
Application-specific_integrated_circuit
Finnish software company
project was merged with NTFS-3G. Tuxera FlashFX Tera is a software flash memory controller designed to manage raw flash media in embedded systems. It provides
Tuxera
Process for preserving information in DRAM
process and losing the data in memory. So in modern systems, refresh is handled by circuits in the memory controller, which may be embedded in the chip
Memory_refresh
Battery-backed memory component
Nonvolatile BIOS memory refers to a small memory on PC motherboards that is used to store BIOS settings. It is traditionally called CMOS RAM because it
Nonvolatile_BIOS_memory
High-density disk drive recording technology
to the way a flash memory controller in a solid-state drive internally handles re-writing required by the special characteristics of flash media. SMR drives
Shingled_magnetic_recording
Reference to a specific memory location
with a hardware component called the memory controller. The memory controller manages access to memory using the memory bus or a system bus, or through separate
Memory_address
American storage device company
Patriot Memory is an American designer and manufacturer of PC-based USB flash drives, memory sticks, solid-state drives and gaming peripherals. Patriot
Patriot_Memory
This table provides summary of comparison of various flash memory cards, as of 2025[update]. Of memory cards (i.e. intended as such, to use e.g. internally)
Comparison_of_memory_cards
Synchronous serial communication interface
touchscreens, video game controllers Control devices: audio codecs, digital potentiometers, DACs Camera lenses: Canon EF lens mount Memory: flash and EEPROMs Any
Serial_Peripheral_Interface
Obsolete type of non-volatile computer memory
development of bubble memory. The first was the development of the first magnetic-core memory system driven by a transistor-based controller, and the second
Bubble_memory
Israeli electronics company
become the Flash Drive and DiskOnKey. DiskOnKey was a small Flash memory device encased in a plastic enclosure with an integrated flash controller that connected
M-Systems
American computer architect (born 1957)
"United States Patent 10,366,045 Flash controller to provide a value that represents a parameter to a flash memory Inventors", Rambus Inc, Jul 30, 2019
Mark_Alan_Horowitz
Family of microcontrollers
architecture. AVR was one of the first microcontroller families to use on-chip flash memory for program storage, as opposed to one-time programmable ROM, EPROM,
AVR_microcontrollers
Process of starting a computer
non-volatile memory programming when there is no software available in the non-volatile memory yet. Many modern microcontrollers (e.g., flash memory controller on
Booting
Programmable digital computer used to control machinery
A programmable logic controller (PLC) or programmable controller is an industrial computer that has been ruggedized and adapted for the control of manufacturing
Programmable_logic_controller
Memory card for the Dreamcast
(if the VMU is inserted into a connected Dreamcast controller) The VMU has 128 KB of flash memory, but by default 28 KB is reserved for system use leaving
VMU
ARM- and RISC-V-architecture microcontroller by the Raspberry Pi Foundation
one-time-programmable (OTP) memory QSPI bus controller supports external flash and PSRAM with execute in place (XIP) Optional in-package 2 MB QSPI NOR flash connected to
RP2350
Timing information of a memory module
correctly signal back information to the memory controller. Because system performance depends on how fast memory can be used, this timing directly affects
Memory_timings
Chinese semiconductor company
Yangtze Memory Technologies Corp. (YMTC) is a Chinese semiconductor integrated device manufacturer specializing in flash memory (NAND) chips. Founded
Yangtze_Memory_Technologies
Association of electronic companies
consortium of technology companies working to develop open standards for NAND flash memory and devices that communicate with them. The formation of ONFI was announced
Open NAND Flash Interface Working Group
Open_NAND_Flash_Interface_Working_Group
American data storage company
affected the output of their joint flash memory production factories, with WD admitting that at least 6.5 exabytes of memory output was affected. The Kitakami
Western_Digital
Home video game console and DVD-Player
8611, which is coupled with 16 megabytes of SRAM and 2 megabytes of NOR flash memory storage. An Altera MAX II CPLD is also used. An Atmel serial EEPROM is
Game Wave Family Entertainment System
Game_Wave_Family_Entertainment_System
ARM Cortex-M based Microcontrollers by STMicroelectronics
Internally, each microcontroller consists of ARM processor core(s), flash memory, static RAM, a debugging interface, and various peripherals. In addition
STM32
American semiconductor manufacturer
including Wi-Fi, EEPROM, and flash memory devices, symmetric and asymmetric security chips, touch sensors and controllers, and application-specific products
Atmel
electronics Electric vehicle batteries Electronic design automation Flash memory controllers Graphics chips and cards Hard disk drives Photovoltaics Printers
Lists_of_companies
Intel Turbo Memory is a technology introduced by Intel Corporation that uses NAND flash memory modules to reduce the time it takes for a computer to power
Intel_Turbo_Memory
Memory card format
xD-Picture Card is an obsolete flash memory card format, developed jointly by Olympus and Fujifilm in 2002 as a proprietary alternative to existing formats
XD-Picture_Card
Method of CPU communication
register of the video controller sets the background colour of the screen, the CPU can set this colour by writing a value to the memory location A003 using
Memory-mapped I/O and port-mapped I/O
Memory-mapped_I/O_and_port-mapped_I/O
electronics Electric vehicle batteries Electronic design automation Flash memory controllers Graphics chips and cards Hard disk drives Photovoltaics Printers
List of microphone manufacturers
List_of_microphone_manufacturers
Home video game console
Nintendo Switch, Android, and Windows The controller is priced at $39.99 and is sold separately. At launch, some flash cartridge compatibility issues were reported
Analogue_3D
Computer standard for SATA host controllers
(SATA) host controllers in a non-implementation-specific manner in its motherboard chipsets. The specification describes a system memory structure for
Advanced Host Controller Interface
Advanced_Host_Controller_Interface
Main printed circuit board used for a computing device
or an embedded controller. Modern motherboards contain firmware stored in non-volatile memory such as ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, or NOR flash, which is responsible
Motherboard
Discontinued computer memory type
were less than for dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) but more than for flash memory. As a non-volatile memory, 3D XPoint had a number of features that
3D_XPoint
Line of single-chip microprocessors from Microchip Technology
amount of read-only memory (ROM) that would be written with the user's device controller code, and a separate random access memory (RAM) for buffering
PIC_microcontrollers
Storage of digital data readable by computers, using memory and storage devices
semiconductor memory known as flash memory has steadily gained share as off-line storage for home computers. Non-volatile semiconductor memory is also used
Computer_data_storage
Turkish-American computer scientist
processing-in-memory systems, including research into processing using DRAM, near-memory processing, in-storage processing, and processing using flash memory. As
Onur_Mutlu
Memory card format
SanDisk introduced the CompactFlash format, one of the first commercially successful flash memory card types. CompactFlash outpaced competing formats of
MultiMediaCard
than 10 times faster than USB 2.0. USB flash drive A flash memory device integrated with a USB interface. USB flash drives are typically removable and rewritable
Glossary of computer hardware terms
Glossary_of_computer_hardware_terms
American company
Corporation completed the acquisition of SandForce, which produced flash memory controllers (for $370 million reported in October 2011). LSI started producing
LSI_Logic
Device for reading data on a memory card
A memory card reader is a device for accessing the data on a memory card such as a CompactFlash (CF), Secure Digital (SD) or MultiMediaCard (MMC). Most
Memory_card_reader
ARM-architecture microcontroller by the Raspberry Pi Foundation
flash or EEPROM memory (after reset, the boot-loader loads firmware from either external flash memory or USB into internal SRAM) QSPI bus controller supports
RP2040
Consumer storage brand of Yangtze Memory Technologies
is a consumer storage brand of Yangtze Memory Technologies (YMTC), a Chinese manufacturer of NAND flash memory. Introduced in 2020, the brand is used
Zhitai
Intel chipset
platform as a whole was the first to support DDR4 memory. Thanks to the features of integrated memory controllers (IMCs) of supported processors, the X99 platform
Intel_X99
Firmware for hardware initialization and OS runtime services
motherboard. In later computer systems, the BIOS contents are stored on flash memory so it can be rewritten without removing the chip from the motherboard
BIOS
Dedicated video game console
console has 2 USB ports in the front for the 2 controllers that are included. It cannot use PlayStation memory cards. Internally, the console uses a MediaTek
PlayStation_Classic
Novel type of computer memory
an alternative non-volatile random-access memory technology that offers the same functionality as flash memory. An FeRAM chip contains a thin film of ferroelectric
Ferroelectric_RAM
Family of Intel southbridge microchips
northbridge became the Memory Controller Hub (MCH) or if it had integrated graphics (e.g., Intel 810), the Graphics and Memory Controller Hub (GMCH). Other
I/O_Controller_Hub
Computer memory module
wide, so the memory controller only addresses one side at a time (the two-sided module is dual-ranked). The above example applies to ECC memory that stores
DIMM
American software company
1993 to support the flash memory being built into PCMCIA cards. Card Trick later evolved into the embedded flash memory manager FlashFX in 1995, moving
Datalight
Flat, usually circular disc that encodes binary data
and flash storage, since optical drives' storage controllers are not tied to optical discs themselves like with hard disk drives and flash memory controllers
Optical_disc
Small computer on a single integrated circuit
more processor cores along with memory and programmable input/output peripherals. Program memory in the form of NOR flash, OTP ROM, or ferroelectric RAM
Microcontroller
Copyback is a NAND flash memory or SSD operation where data is read from one location in flash memory and written to another location, usually in the same
Copyback
Camera flash system
flashes, flash controllers, or cameras which support Canon's infrared control system, including the 580 Speedlite series, the ST-E2 flash controller,
Canon_EOS_flash_system
Overview of the accessories made for the Xbox 360
accessories. Up to four controllers are able to connect to Xbox 360, including wired and wireless gamepads. The wireless controllers run on either AA batteries
List_of_Xbox_360_accessories
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FLASH MEMORY-CONTROLLER
FLASH MEMORY-CONTROLLER
FLASH MEMORY-CONTROLLER
FLASH MEMORY-CONTROLLER
FLASH MEMORY-CONTROLLER
FLASH MEMORY-CONTROLLER
FLASH MEMORY-CONTROLLER
FLASH MEMORY-CONTROLLER
FLASH MEMORY-CONTROLLER
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