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1866 alliance between Serbia, Montenegro, and Greece
The First Balkan Alliance (Serbian: Први балкански савез/Prvi balkanski savez) was a system of agreements concluded by the Principality of Serbia in the
First_Balkan_Alliance
Alliance of 1867 Greek–Serbian Alliance of 1913 Balkan League Balkan Pact First Balkan Alliance NATO Balkan Pact (1953) Italiotes Patriotic Alliance (Greece)
Symmachia_(alliance)
1912 anti-Ottoman military alliance
The Balkan League was a quadruple alliance spearheaded by Eleftherios Venizelos and formed through a series of bilateral treaties concluded in 1912 between
Balkan_League
1867 alliance between Greece and Serbia
Balkan alliances was supported and aided by Russia because it corresponded with its policy of promoting Balkan unity. The establishment of the Balkan
Greek–Serbian Alliance of 1867
Greek–Serbian_Alliance_of_1867
A military alliance is a legally binding treaty between two or more parties in which the contracting parties agree to mutually protect one another militarily
List_of_military_alliances
1912–1913 conflicts in Balkan states
The Balkan Wars were two conflicts that took place in the Balkan states in 1912 and 1913. In the First Balkan War, the four Balkan states of Greece, Serbia
Balkan_Wars
Alliance between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy
Alliances before the First World War. Cornell University Press. Retrieved 29 July 2026. "The Balkan crisis 1912 - 1913 - The Balkan league alliance"
Triple_Alliance_(1882)
Military alliance between the kingdoms of Greece and Serbia from 1913 to 1924
The Greek–Serbian Alliance of 1913 was signed at Thessaloniki on 1 June 1913, in the aftermath of the First Balkan War, when both countries wanted to preserve
Greek–Serbian Alliance of 1913
Greek–Serbian_Alliance_of_1913
1912–1913 war between the Balkan League and the Ottoman Empire
The First Balkan War lasted from October 1912 to May 1913 and involved actions of the Balkan League (the Kingdoms of Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece and Montenegro)
First_Balkan_War
1934 treaty among various Balkan nations to maintain the post-WWI status quo
Balkan Pact (1953) Latin Axis (World War II) Polish–Romanian alliance Little Entente Croatian–Romanian–Slovak friendship proclamation Pact of Balkan Agreement
Balkan_Pact
Bilateral relations
Ioannis: "The First Balkan Alliance (1860–1868) and the Bulgarians", Balkan Studies, 42 (2001): pp. 15–20. Crampton 1987, p. 16: "...a Balkan alliance, which
Bulgaria–Serbia_relations
1953 Greek-Turkish-Yugoslav cooperation treaty
became a new danger for the Balkan Pact. After the Hungarian Revolution of 1956, Tito showed some interest in reviving the alliance, but because of the Cyprus
Balkan_Pact_(1953)
Principality in southeast Europe between 1815 and 1882
Serbia began the campaign of forging the First Balkan Alliance by signing a series of agreements with other Balkan entities in the period 1866–1868. On 18
Principality_of_Serbia
Region of southeastern Europe
The Balkans (/ˈbɔːlkənz/ BAWL-kənz, /ˈbɒlkənz/ BOL-kənz), corresponding partially with the Balkan Peninsula, is a geographical area in southeastern Europe
Balkans
1908 proclamation of Bulgaria's independence from the Ottoman Empire
country would be ready to join the Balkan League and fight the Ottoman Empire in what would become the First Balkan War of 1912–1913. Bulgaria's declaration
Bulgarian Declaration of Independence
Bulgarian_Declaration_of_Independence
Bulgaria's invasion of its neighbours (1913)
The Second Balkan War (29 June – 10 August 1913) was a conflict fought between the Tsardom of Bulgaria and its former Balkan League allies, Serbia, Montenegro
Second_Balkan_War
1914 alliance between the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria
other was attacked by another Balkan country. The two powers also agreed not to attack any other Balkan country without first consulting each other. Article
Ottoman–Bulgarian_alliance
Bulgarian nationalist military legion
Serbian authorities began preparing for war and organizing the First Balkan Alliance. This was used by the Band of Virtues (Добродетелна дружина), who
Bulgarian_Legion
Unsuccessful proposed union between Bulgaria and Romania
treaties signed between 1866 and 1868 for an alliance against the Ottomans (known as the First Balkan Alliance), it was suggested that Romania would receive
Union_of_Bulgaria_and_Romania
1912–1913 conflict
The Bulgarian Front of First Balkan War was the heaviest and most important front of the First Balkan War fought between 21 October 1912 and 3 April 1913
Bulgarian Front of First Balkan War
Bulgarian_Front_of_First_Balkan_War
Early 20th-century understandings between France, Russia, and Great Britain
Triple Entente and Triple Alliance powers jointly convened the London Peace Conference to arbitrate territorial disputes among Balkan states and the Ottoman
Triple_Entente
Crisis triggered by Austria-Hungary's annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1908
Bosna Krizi; Serbo-Croatian: Aneksiona kriza, Анексиона криза) or the First Balkan Crisis, erupted on 5 October 1908 when Austria-Hungary announced the
Bosnian_Crisis
Greek-Canadian historian (1913–2004)
of the Movement toward Balkan Unity in Modern Times (1942, 1944) First Balkan Alliance System, 1860-1876 (1942) Greece: The War and Aftermath ... (1945)
L._S._Stavrianos
Global conflict from 1914 to 1918
imperial rivalries, as reflected in new alliances and an arms race between the great powers. Tensions in the Balkans reached a breaking point on 28 June 1914
World_War_I
Historical political situation in Europe
and perceived Pan-Slavic expansion in the Balkans, Germany and Austria-Hungary thus concluded the Dual Alliance (Zweibund) in 1879. On September 18, 1885
Bulgarian_Crisis_(1885–1888)
Prince of Serbia (1839–1842, 1860–1868)
forged The First Balkan Alliance by signing the series of agreements with other Balkan entities.[citation needed] During his rule, the first modern Serbian
Mihailo Obrenović, Prince of Serbia
Mihailo_Obrenović,_Prince_of_Serbia
1878 meeting of representatives of the major European powers
nationalism in the Balkans. Grievances with the results of the congress festered until they exploded in the First and Second Balkan Wars (1912 and 1913
Congress_of_Berlin
Alliance between Germany and Austria-Hungary
The Dual Alliance (German: Zweibund, Hungarian: Kettős Szövetség) was a defensive alliance between Germany and Austria-Hungary, which was created by treaty
Dual_Alliance_(1879)
German, Russian and Austro-Hungarian alliance (1873–78; 1881-87)
lapsed in 1887. Both alliances ended because of continued strong conflicts of interest between Austria-Hungary and Russia in the Balkans. The second treaty
League_of_the_Three_Emperors
dissolution of the Balkan League, an alliance of Balkan states directed against the Ottoman Empire. Bulgaria's defeat in the Second Balkan War in 1913 turned
Bulgaria_during_World_War_I
Serbian nationalist and irredentist concept
Principality until the First World War of 1914-1918, the Serbian state successively expanded its territory. After the end of the Balkan Wars in 1913, the Kingdom
Greater_Serbia
Proposed country
establishment of a Balkan Federation had been a recurrent suggestion of various political factions in the Balkans. The concept of a Balkan federation emerged
Balkan_Federation
Bulgarian nationalist territorial claims
Bulgaria, Greece, and Serbia who fought both the First Balkan War of 1912–1913 and the Second Balkan War of 1913. The area was further fought over during
Bulgarian_irredentism
International summit on the First Balkan War
December 1912 due to the successes of the Balkan League armies against the Ottoman Empire in the First Balkan War. In particular, the conference intended
London Conference of 1912–1913
London_Conference_of_1912–1913
The Balkans, partly corresponding with the Balkan Peninsula, encompasses areas that may also be placed in Southeastern, Southern, Central and Eastern
History_of_the_Balkans
Nationalist concept to unite "traditionally Albanian" territories
national reunification" (Albanian: Ribashkimi kombëtar shqiptar). Prior to the Balkan Wars of the beginning of the 20th century, Albanians were subjects of the
Greater_Albania
Series of uprisings against Ottoman rule in Southeastern Europe in the 1870s
1875–1878 began in the Ottoman Empire's administrative territories in the Balkan Peninsula in 1875, with the outbreak of several uprisings and wars that
Great_Eastern_Crisis
Greek Irredentist concept until 1922
large Greek populations (parts of the southern Balkans, Anatolia and Cyprus). The term appeared for the first time during the debates of Prime Minister Ioannis
Megali_Idea
1913 siege by the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire won its last victory in the Balkans and did not lose a great deal of territory in Thrace until the First World War. The re-inclusion of Edirne
Siege_of_Adrianople_(1913)
Battle fought between the Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria during the First Balkan War
The First Battle of Çatalca was one of the heaviest battles of the First Balkan War fought between 17 and 18 November [O.S. 4–5 November] 1912. It was
First_Battle_of_Çatalca
Bulgarian general
Artillery Regiment but was soon made a brigade commander. During the First Balkan War Vladimir Vazov served as commander of the 4th Quick-Firing Artillery
Vladimir_Vazov
Naval battle during the First Balkan War
fought on 18 January [O.S. 5 January] 1913, was a naval battle during the First Balkan War, in which the Greeks defeated the second and last attempt of the
Battle_of_Lemnos_(1913)
Bulgarian General
Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878), Serbo-Bulgarian War (1885), Balkan Wars (1912–1913) and First World War (1914–1918). At the age of 19, he volunteered in
Georgi_Todorov_(general)
1892–1917 military alliance
The Franco-Russian Alliance (French: Alliance Franco-Russe, Russian: Франко-Русский Альянс, romanized: Franko-Russkiy Al'yans), also known as the Dual
Franco-Russian_Alliance
Balkan Wars
a major "continuous skirmish" of the First Balkan War. The Bulgarian advance at the beginning of the First Balkan War stalled at the Ottoman fortifications
Second_Battle_of_Çatalca
nationalism emerged in Europe in the 19th century at a time when most of the Balkans were still under Ottoman rule. The Christian peoples of the Ottoman Empire
Rise of nationalism in the Ottoman Empire
Rise_of_nationalism_in_the_Ottoman_Empire
Military conflict that took place during the Second Balkan War
the opening action of the Romanian invasion of Bulgaria during the Second Balkan War of 1913. At the time of the invasion, the Bulgarian Army was engaged
Southern_Dobruja_Offensive
Theatre of WWI
The Balkan Front, Balkans theatre or Balkan campaign was a theatre of World War I fought between the Central Powers (Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Germany
Balkan_Front_(World_War_I)
Metaphor for the political state of the Balkans in the early 20th century
The powder keg of Europe or Balkan powder keg was the Balkans in the early part of the 20th century preceding World War I. There were many overlapping
Powder_keg_of_Europe
1912 battle of the First Balkan War
of the First Balkan War between the armies of Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire. It took place on 22–24 October 1912. Bulgarian forces of the First and Third
Battle_of_Kirk_Kilisse
Killings of Albanians during the Balkan Wars of 1912–1913
armies and paramilitaries between 1912 and 1913. During the 1912–13 First Balkan War, Serbia and Montenegro committed a number of war crimes against the
Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars
Massacres_of_Albanians_in_the_Balkan_Wars
War lasting from 1912 until 1913
later King, Constantine I. In the First Balkan War, Greece was allied with Bulgaria, Serbia and Montenegro in the "Balkan League" against the Ottoman Empire
Greece_in_the_Balkan_Wars
1913 battle between Greek and Ottoman forces during the First Balkan War
fought between Greek and Ottoman forces during the last stages of the First Balkan War, and revolved around the forts of Bizani, which covered the approaches
Battle_of_Bizani
International Commission to Inquire into the Causes and Conduct of the Balkan Wars is a document published in Washington D.C. in 1914 by the Carnegie
Report of the International Commission on the Balkan Wars
Report_of_the_International_Commission_on_the_Balkan_Wars
Bosnian Serb political party
Herzegovina in 2014 Parliamentary Elections". Balkan Journal of Social Sciences. 19 (10): 5. ISSN 2149-4622. Alliance of Independent Social Democrats (SNSD)
Alliance of Independent Social Democrats
Alliance_of_Independent_Social_Democrats
1913 settlement following the First Balkan War
with the territorial adjustments arising out of the conclusion of the First Balkan War. The London Conference had ended on 23 January 1913, when the 1913
Treaty_of_London_(1913)
List of places burned during the Balkan Wars (1912-1913) is a list of places totally or partly burned during the Balkan Wars (1912-1913). 220km 137miles
List of places burned during the Balkan Wars
List_of_places_burned_during_the_Balkan_Wars
Territorial settlement following the Second Balkan War
concluded in the aftermath of the Second Balkan War and amended the previous Treaty of London, which ended the First Balkan War. About one month later, the Bulgarians
Treaty_of_Bucharest_(1913)
European balance of power from 1815 to 1914
collapse of Ottoman power in the Balkans, hardening of the alliance system into two firm camps (the Triple Alliance and Triple Entente), and the feeling
Concert_of_Europe
Battle during the First Balkan War
Једрена, opsada Jedrena; Turkish: Edirne kuşatması), was fought during the First Balkan War. The siege began on 3 November 1912 and ended on 26 March 1913 with
Siege of Adrianople (1912–1913)
Siege_of_Adrianople_(1912–1913)
Battle fought in the First Balkan War
Macedonia, thus joining the loose Balkan League alliance with Serbia, Montenegro and Bulgaria. Fearing a new war in the Balkans, the Turks mobilized their armed
Battle_of_Sarantaporo
Military unit
The Bulgarian Second Army was a Bulgarian field army during the Balkan Wars, World War I, and World War II. After 1907, during times of peace, the territory
Second_Army_(Bulgaria)
1807 alliance between Russia and Serbia
The Russo-Serbian Alliance (Serbian: Руско-српски савез / Rusko-srpski savez, Russian: Русско-сербский союз) was signed on 10 July 1807 between Revolutionary
Russo-Serbian_Alliance_(1807)
Political party in Albania
ultra-nationalist. It is the first nationalist/far right party in Albania to be led by a woman, Lumturi Ratkoceri. On March 20,2012 the Alliance turned into a political
Red_and_Black_Alliance
Bulgarian general
he also served as commander of the 1st infantry regiment. During the First Balkan War, Colonel Zhekov served as chief of staff of the 2nd Army which was
Nikola_Zhekov
Massacre of Turkish civilians during the First Balkan War
katliamı) was a massacre of Turkish civilians that took place during the First Balkan War. It was committed by the Greek gangs and the Bulgarian army in the
Edeköy_massacre
Military unit
The Bulgarian First Army was a Bulgarian field army during the Balkan Wars, World War I and World War II. Following the military reforms of 1907 the territory
First_Army_(Bulgaria)
1912 battle of the First Balkan War
Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire and was the bloodiest battle of the First Balkan War. The battle took place from 28 October to 2 November 1912. The outnumbered
Battle_of_Lule_Burgas
Secret revolutionary society (1893–1934)
Macedonian revolutionary movement over the next decades. During the Balkan Wars and the First World War, the organization supported the Bulgarian army and joined
Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization
Internal_Macedonian_Revolutionary_Organization
1915 treaty between Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire
favour in order to bring Bulgaria into the First World War on the side of the Central Powers. A defensive alliance between Bulgaria and Turkey had been concluded
Bulgarian–Ottoman convention (1915)
Bulgarian–Ottoman_convention_(1915)
The following is the order of battle of the Hellenic Army during the First Balkan War of 1912–1913. Following the defeat in the Greco-Turkish War of 1897
First Balkan War order of battle: Hellenic Army
First_Balkan_War_order_of_battle:_Hellenic_Army
Bulgarian charter airline
formed a strategic alliance with SkyGreece Airlines. The aim of this strategic alliance is to strengthen their role in the Balkans. As part of this partnership
BH_Air
Bulgarian stonemason and revolutionary
decided to prepare an uprising against the Ottomans and organize the First Balkan Alliance. With this aim in Albania and Macedonia was sent Stoyan Vezenkov
Stojan_Vezenkov
1908 restoration of constitutional rule in the Ottoman Empire
and the Ottoman Empire which set the stage for their alliance with Bulgaria and Greece in the Balkan Wars. Following the revolution a new found faith in
Young_Turk_Revolution
Battles of the First Balkan War
Şarköy Çıkarması) took place between 9 and 11 February 1913 during the First Balkan War between Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans attempted a
Battle_of_Şarköy
Macedonian politician (born 1973)
Promises'". Balkan Insight. Retrieved 18 June 2025. "Clashes within the party, the Court in Tetovo recognizes Sela as the leader of the Alliance for Albanians"
Arben_Taravari
Military unit
dobrovolni četi; MAVC) was a volunteer corps of the Bulgarian Army during the Balkan Wars. It was formed on 23 September 1912 and consisted of Bulgarian volunteers
Macedonian-Adrianopolitan Volunteer Corps
Macedonian-Adrianopolitan_Volunteer_Corps
Military unit
The Bulgarian Third Army was a Bulgarian field army during the Balkan Wars, World War I, and World War II. Following the peace in 1907, Bulgaria's territory
Third_Army_(Bulgaria)
World War I military operation in the Balkans
government to defend this territory won after hard fighting in the Second Balkan War of 1913, led to a coup by pro-Venizelist officers and the formation
Struma_operation
1911–1912 war in Libya and the Aegean Sea
nationalism, attacked the Ottoman Empire in October 1912, starting the First Balkan War a few days before the end of the Italo-Turkish War. The Italo-Turkish
Italo-Turkish_War
Bulgarian general (1863–1917)
and honor escort unit of the Bulgarian monarch. At the start of the First Balkan War, Ivan Kolev was serving as chief of staff of the Yambol fortified
Ivan_Kolev_(general)
Part of the First Balkan War (1912)
happened on 20 December 1912, during the First Balkan War. During the early stages of the war while the Balkan allies were victorious, the Hellenic Army
Capture_of_Korytsa
1905 Discussion between leaders of the United States and the Empire of Japan
Spain during the 1898 Spanish–American War. In 1924, Tyler Dennett was the first scholar to see the document and described it as containing "the text of
Taft–Katsura_agreement
Part of the Second Balkan War
The Battle of Doiran was a battle of the Second Balkan War, fought between the Bulgaria and Greece. The battle took place in June 1913. The Hellenic Army
Battle_of_Doiran_(1913)
the Ottoman Empire, the remaining alliance members entered the conflict on 17 October.[citation needed] First Balkan War (1912–1913) Battle of Kumanovo
Serbia_in_the_Balkan_Wars
Cholera outbreak during the Second Balkan War
Army suffered during the Second Balkan War of 1913 against the Kingdom of Bulgaria. This conflict was part of the Balkan Wars of 1912 and 1913. As Bulgaria
1913 Romanian Army cholera outbreak
1913_Romanian_Army_cholera_outbreak
Austria-Hungary. The Balkan Wars constituted the most severe test of the alliance between Romania and Austria-Hungary. In the Second Balkan War, Romania received
Foreign policy of Romania before World War I
Foreign_policy_of_Romania_before_World_War_I
Military conflict during the Second Balkan War
dissatisfaction with its share of the spoils in the aftermath of the First Balkan War led to the souring of relations between Bulgaria and its former allies
Romanian_landings_in_Bulgaria
Battle during the First Balkan War
town of Bitola, North Macedonia (then known as Monastir) during the First Balkan War, between Serbian and Ottoman forces from 16 to 19 November 1912.
Battle_of_Monastir
Alliance in WW1 between the Ottoman Empire and German Empire
The German–Ottoman alliance was ratified by the German Empire and the Ottoman Empire on August 2, 1914, shortly after the outbreak of World War I. It was
German–Ottoman_alliance
Russian emperor's commissioner prince Vladimir Cherkassky, as chief of the "First office of civil governance of liberated Trans-Danubian lands." After his
Provisional Russian Administration in Bulgaria
Provisional_Russian_Administration_in_Bulgaria
Bulgarian general
Sofia Infantry Division, also known as the Iron division. During the First Balkan War (1912–1913) Stefan Toshev and his division took part in the offensive
Stefan_Toshev
Part of the Second Balkan War
fought in 1913 between the Greeks and the Bulgarians during the Second Balkan War. The battle was fought over an eleven-day period, between 8–18 July
Battle_of_Kresna_Gorge
Ottoman victory in Greece, 1912
Matthaiopoulos and Ottoman forces under General Esad Pasha during the First Balkan War. The battle began when a unit of Greek Redshirt volunteers attacked
Battle_of_Driskos
Bulgarian military officer (1881–1925)
was then appointed assistant commander of the 12th Balkan Infantry Regiment. During the First Balkan War he was colonel and commander of the 29th Yambol
Krastyu_Zlatarev
1913 unrecognised state in Southeast Europe
captured by Bulgaria during the First Balkan War and awarded to the country by the Treaty of London. During the Second Balkan War the Greek Army captured
Provisional Government of Western Thrace
Provisional_Government_of_Western_Thrace
Kosovar political party
political party in Kosovo registered on 19 July 2001. It represents the Balkan Egyptian ethnic minority. Its current leader is Elbert Krasniqi, who serves
New Democratic Initiative of Kosovo
New_Democratic_Initiative_of_Kosovo
1918 rebellion of Bulgarian soldiers
I was coming to an end in the Balkans. While some Bulgarian units retreated orderly, other units (from the Second Balkan Division and the Third Thracian
Radomir_Rebellion
Bulgarian colonel and warfare pedagogue
lecturer of military tactics at the Military School in Sofia. During the First Balkan War of 1912–1913, Drangov headed a brigade on the Thracian front, defeating
Boris_Drangov
Overview of Slavic migrations to Southeast Europe
Exhausted by several factors and reduced to the coastal parts of the Balkans, Byzantium was not able to wage war on two fronts and regain its lost territories
Slavic migrations to the Balkans
Slavic_migrations_to_the_Balkans
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FIRST BALKAN-ALLIANCE
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FIRST BALKAN-ALLIANCE
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