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1912–1913 conflicts in Balkan states
The Balkan Wars were two conflicts that took place in the Balkan states in 1912 and 1913. In the First Balkan War, the four Balkan states of Greece, Serbia
Balkan_Wars
1912–1913 war between the Balkan League and the Ottoman Empire
The First Balkan War lasted from October 1912 to May 1913 and involved actions of the Balkan League (the Kingdoms of Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece and Montenegro)
First_Balkan_War
Killings of Albanians during the Balkan Wars of 1912–1913
Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars were perpetrated on several occasions by the Serbian and Montenegrin armies and paramilitaries between 1912
Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars
Massacres_of_Albanians_in_the_Balkan_Wars
Bulgaria's invasion of its neighbours (1913)
The Second Balkan War (29 June – 10 August 1913) was a conflict fought between the Tsardom of Bulgaria and its former Balkan League allies, Serbia, Montenegro
Second_Balkan_War
Topics referred to by the same term
War in the Balkans or Balkan(s) conflict may refer to: Yugoslav Wars, or any of the individual wars, stemming from the breakup of Yugoslavia in the 1990s
War_in_the_Balkans
Museum
The Balkan Wars Museum (Greek: Μουσείο Βαλκανικών Πολέμων Mousio Valkanikon Polemon) is a museum in Gefyra, west of Thessaloniki, Central Macedonia, Greece
Balkan_Wars_Museum
Topics referred to by the same term
Third Balkan War may refer to: Balkan Front (World War I) of World War I in the 1910s Yugoslav Wars, or any of the individual wars, stemming from the breakup
Third_Balkan_War
Serbian paramilitary units during the Balkan Wars
The Chetniks in the Balkan Wars, were paramilitary groups issued of the Serbian Chetnik Organization which, after fighting in the Macedonian Struggle
Chetniks_in_the_Balkan_Wars
War lasting from 1912 until 1913
The participation of Greece in the Balkan Wars of 1912–1913 is one of the most important episodes in modern Greek history, as it allowed the Greek state
Greece_in_the_Balkan_Wars
Region of southeastern Europe
portal Balkan Insight Balkan Universities Network Balkan Wars First Balkan War Second Balkan War Wells, John C. (2000). "Balkan". Longman Pronunciation
Balkans
neighbouring countries. Hall, Richard C. (2002). The Balkan Wars 1912-1913: Prelude to the First World War. Routledge. pp. 46–47. ISBN 978-1-134-58363-8. Albanian
Albania during the Balkan Wars
Albania_during_the_Balkan_Wars
Attempts to bring Kosovo under control of Serbia and Montenegro
were made by Montenegro and Serbia during the Balkan Wars and First World War. Following the end of the wars and the creation of Yugoslavia, the interwar
Yugoslav colonization of Kosovo
Yugoslav_colonization_of_Kosovo
List of war correspondent in the Balkan Wars
the known war correspondents, war photographers, war artists, and war cinematographers who were active during the First and Second Balkan Wars. The First
Journalists of the Balkan Wars
Journalists_of_the_Balkan_Wars
Theatre of WWI
The Balkan Front, Balkans theatre or Balkan campaign was a theatre of World War I fought between the Central Powers (Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Germany
Balkan_Front_(World_War_I)
Written work by Leon Trotsky
“Kievskaja mysl” (Russian: Киевская мысль) during the Balkan Wars of 1912–1913. In the USSR, Trotsky's war correspondence was republished as the sixth volume
The_Balkan_Wars_(Trotsky)
Secret revolutionary society (1893–1934)
revolutionary movement over the next decades. During the Balkan Wars and the First World War, the organization supported the Bulgarian army and joined
Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization
Internal_Macedonian_Revolutionary_Organization
Economic zone formed by a regional organization in Southeastern Europe
countries of the Balkan Peninsula. The plans were eventually abandoned due to the Yugoslav Wars (1991–2001). The first signs of the Open Balkan emerged in 2018
Open_Balkan
two Balkan Wars (8 October 1912 – 18 July 1913), gaining land in both conflicts. It experienced significant territorial gains in the Central Balkans, nearly
Serbia_in_the_Balkan_Wars
many causes of the First Balkan War. The Balkan Wars were two wars that took place in the Balkans in 1912 and 1913. Four Balkan states defeated the Ottoman
History_of_the_Balkans
September 1918, when the Armistice of Salonica came into effect. After the Balkan Wars of 1912 and 1913, Bulgaria was diplomatically isolated, surrounded by
Bulgaria_during_World_War_I
inspire later atrocities including war crimes during the 1990s Yugoslav Wars. Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars were perpetrated on several occasions
List_of_war_crimes
State in southeastern Europe from 1908 to 1946
1910s it engaged in three wars — the First and Second Balkan Wars, and the First World War. Following the First World War the Bulgarian army was disbanded
Kingdom_of_Bulgaria
1912 anti-Ottoman military alliance
savez) "Wars of the World: First Balkan War 1912–1913". OnWar.com. December 16, 2000. Retrieved 2009-08-14. Falls, Cyril (1963). "The Balkan Wars 1912-1913"
Balkan_League
Serbian paramilitaries throughout history
Organization, put under the command of the Royal Serbian Army in the Balkan Wars and World War I. Association against Bulgarian Bandits, counter-terrorist unit
List of Serbian paramilitary formations
List_of_Serbian_paramilitary_formations
Series of military conflicts between the Ottoman Empire and various European states
Serbian–Ottoman wars and the Albanian-Ottoman wars. Much of this period was characterized by the Ottoman expansion into the Balkans. The Ottoman Empire
Ottoman_wars_in_Europe
Military unit
the First World War.[citation needed] Nicholas decided to maintain the neutrality because his country was recovering from the Balkan Wars and the army wasn't
Royal_Montenegrin_Army
as Bulgarian. Bulgaria sat out the first year of World War I recuperating from the Balkan Wars. Germany and Austria realized they needed Bulgaria's help
History_of_Bulgaria
International Commission to Inquire into the Causes and Conduct of the Balkan Wars is a document published in Washington D.C. in 1914 by the Carnegie Endowment
Report of the International Commission on the Balkan Wars
Report_of_the_International_Commission_on_the_Balkan_Wars
Cemetery in Turkey
Balkan Wars Memorial Cemetery in Edirne The Balkan Wars Memorial Cemetery in Edirne (Turkish: Edirne Balkan Savaşı Şehitliği), located at Sarayiçi quarter
Balkan Wars Memorial Cemetery in Edirne
Balkan_Wars_Memorial_Cemetery_in_Edirne
Identifying the causes of World War I remains a debated issue. World War I began in the Balkans on 28 July 1914, and hostilities ended on 11 November
Causes_of_World_War_I
1908–1922 political event
Ottoman Army met with disastrous defeat in the Italo-Turkish War (1911–1912) and the Balkan Wars (1912–1913), resulting in the Ottomans being driven out of
Dissolution of the Ottoman Empire
Dissolution_of_the_Ottoman_Empire
Nationalist concept to unite "traditionally Albanian" territories
reunification" (Albanian: Ribashkimi kombëtar shqiptar). Prior to the Balkan Wars of the beginning of the 20th century, Albanians were subjects of the
Greater_Albania
Community in Greece
remained under Ottoman rule until the Balkan Wars, when it was conquered by Bulgaria in 1913. Following World War I it was ceded to Greece in the Treaty
Peplos,_Evros
Albanian rebel leader
From the Balkan Wars to World War II. Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-1-78673-354-2. Michailidis, Iakovos D. (2018). "Cleansing the Nation: War related
Idriz_Seferi
Fragmentation of a country or region
during the Balkan Wars (1912–1913) and World War I (1914–1918), specifically referring to incidents that transpired earlier in the Balkan Peninsula. The
Balkanization
Greek regional and historical population group
personal recollections of the Macedonian struggle in his books. During the Balkan Wars, Thessaloniki became the prize city for the struggling parties, Greece
Macedonians_(Greeks)
Greek military aviator
training in France and later participated in air operations during the Balkan Wars. Adamidis was born in Ioannina in 1885, then part of the Janina Vilayet
Christos_Adamidis
centered in Ermoupolis and Piraeus. The participation of Greece in the Balkan Wars of 1912–1913 is one of the most important episodes in modern Greek history
History_of_Greece
Air warfare branch of the Serbian Armed Forces
history. Serbian pilots who were actually skilled and experienced from the Balkan Wars had succeeded to give the valuable information about the number, the
Serbian Air Force and Air Defence
Serbian_Air_Force_and_Air_Defence
Air warfare branch of Greece's military
of conventional war. As a matter of fact, all Balkan countries used military aircraft and foreign mercenaries during the Balkan Wars. 24 January 1913
Hellenic_Air_Force
Prime Minister of Greece (1910–20; 1928–33)
Before the Balkan Wars of 1912–1913, Venizelos' catalytic role helped Greece to gain entrance to the Balkan League, an alliance of the Balkan states against
Eleftherios_Venizelos
Killings of Albanian civilians during the First World War
killed since the Balkan Wars. After the Great War, Albanians in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia were subject to persecution. During the Balkan Wars, numerous atrocities
Massacres of Albanians in World War I
Massacres_of_Albanians_in_World_War_I
Philip S. Armies of the Balkan Wars 1912-13. pp. 46–47. ISBN 978-1-84908-418-5. Athanassiou, Phoebus. Armies of the Greek-Italian War 1940-41. p. 38. ISBN 978-1-4728-1917-8
Greek_Army_uniforms
Period of Greek statehood from 1832 to 1923 and 1935 to 1973
in the Balkan Wars, led militarily by Crown Prince Constantine, who became King following George I's assassination during the First Balkan War. The dispute
Kingdom_of_Greece
Female revolutionary (1880–1937)
Revolutionary Organization. She participated in the Ilinden Uprising, the Balkan Wars, and World War I. She later became a Non-commissioned officer in the Bulgarian
Donka_Ushlinova
1911–1912 war in Libya and the Aegean Sea
events unfavourable to the Ottoman Empire (the outbreak of the Balkan Wars and World War I), allowed a provisional Italian administration of the islands
Italo-Turkish_War
Albanian revolutionary commander (1864–1916)
the Balkan Wars to World War II. London New York: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 9781786733542. Blumi, Isa (2011). Reinstating the Ottomans: alternative Balkan modernities
Isa_Boletini
Global conflict from 1914 to 1918
"The Balkan Wars and World War I". p. 28. Library of Congress Country Studies. Tucker, Wood & Murphy 1999, pp. 150–152. Korsun, N. "The Balkan Front
World_War_I
Kosovo Serb community leader in the period prior to the Balkan Wars, noted that after the 1876–8 wars, the hatred of the Turks and Albanians towards the Serbs
Persecution of Muslims during the Ottoman decline
Persecution_of_Muslims_during_the_Ottoman_decline
1991–2001 series of wars in the Balkans
crises. The Yugoslav Wars have alternatively been referred to as: "Wars in the Balkans" "Wars/conflicts in the former Yugoslavia" "Wars of Yugoslav Secession/Succession"
Yugoslav_Wars
Geographical and historical region of Greece
conquered most of the region in the late 14th century and ruled it until the Balkan Wars of 1912–1913. During that period, Thrace had a mixed population of Greeks
Western_Thrace
Minority in Greece
During the Balkan Wars, many atrocities were committed by Turks, Bulgarians and Greeks in the war over Macedonia. After the Balkan Wars ended in 1913
Slavic speakers of Greek Macedonia
Slavic_speakers_of_Greek_Macedonia
Military forces of Bulgaria
several major wars – the Serbo-Bulgarian War (1885), the First Balkan War (1912–13), the Second Balkan War (1913), the First World War (1915–1918) and
Bulgarian_Armed_Forces
Serbian freedom fighter
Vilayet between 1910 and 1912, then as regular soldier in the Balkan Wars, World War I and World War II. Simo Kecojević and his twin brother Sćepan were born
Simo_Kecojević
President of Turkey from 1923 to 1938
and Balkan Wars. He rose to prominence with his role in the Defence of Gallipoli during World War I. Following his country's defeat after the war, in
Mustafa_Kemal_Atatürk
Albanian Ottoman revolutionary (1882–1914)
Young Turk Revolution (1908) and fought with distinction during the Balkan Wars (1912–1913). Bekir Fikri / Beqir Grebenea was of Albanian origin. He
Bekir_Fikri
City in Epirus, Greece
formally became part of Greece via the Treaty of London in 1913. After the Balkan Wars the harbor of Preveza became a significant regional commercial center
Preveza
Geographical and historical region in Europe
(/ˌmæsɪˈdoʊniə/ MASS-ih-DOH-nee-ə) is a geographical and historical region of the Balkan Peninsula in Southeast Europe. The modern region at its maximum extent is
Macedonia_(region)
Unit type of the Hellenic Army
outbreak of the Balkan Wars. The "traditional" and well-known Evzone regiments, which fought in World War I, the Asia Minor Campaign, and World War II, were
Evzones
First World War. OUP Oxford. ISBN 9780191580116. Report of the International Commission to Inquire into the Causes and Conduct of the Balkan Wars, published
List_of_massacres_in_Greece
Third largest city of Kosovo
Documentary History: From the Balkan Wars to World War II. Retrieved 29 March 2020. "Leo Trotsky: Behind the Curtains of the Balkan Wars". Albanianhistory.net
Ferizaj
battle of the Hellenic Army during the First Balkan War of 1912–1913. Following the defeat in the Greco-Turkish War of 1897, starting in 1904 and especially
First Balkan War order of battle: Hellenic Army
First_Balkan_War_order_of_battle:_Hellenic_Army
Bulgarians from the geographic region of Macedonia
divergence grow, especially in Vardar Macedonia after 1913. The Balkan Wars (1912–1913) and World War I (1914–1918) left Ottoman Macedonia divided between Greece
Macedonian_Bulgarians
King of Yugoslavia from 1921 to 1934
apparent. Alexander distinguished himself as a commander during the Balkan Wars, leading the Serbian army to victory over the Ottoman Turks and the Bulgarians
Alexander_I_of_Yugoslavia
1878 meeting of representatives of the major European powers
contributing to long-term regional instability that foreshadowed the Balkan Wars and World War I. As mediator of the Congress, Otto von Bismarck negotiated along
Congress_of_Berlin
Albanian political organization (1878–1881)
Merrill, Christopher (2001). Only the nails remain: Scenes from the Balkan Wars. Rowman & Littlefield: Lanham. p. 229. ISBN 978-1461640417. Gawrych 2006
League_of_Prizren
Ancient city in Macedonia, Greece
workers of the Federation demonstrating (1 May 1909) During the First Balkan War, the Ottoman garrison surrendered Salonika to the Greek Army, on 9 November [O
History_of_Thessaloniki
Period in Albanian history from the 14th to the 20th century
declared independence in 1912, during the Balkan Wars. The Ottomans expanded their control from Anatolia to the Balkans in the middle of the 14th century. They
Ottoman_Albania
Balkan Wars (1912-1913) he served as a cavalry officer with the rank of major. He attracted great public attention when, during the First Balkan War,
Velimir_Vemić
Dodecanese Prefecture) The Balkan Wars were two wars in Southeast Europe in 1912–1913 in the course of which the Balkan League (Bulgaria, Montenegro
Territorial evolution of the Ottoman Empire
Territorial_evolution_of_the_Ottoman_Empire
Ethnic group
Kosovo was annexed by the Kingdom of Serbia in 1912, following the First Balkan War. During the period of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia, Kosovo experienced the
Kosovo_Serbs
Royal residence in Podgorica, Montenegro
Montenegro as a winter residence for the Montenegrin royal family. During the Balkan Wars the buildings were converted into a hospital, a function they served
Podgorica_Royal_Palace
Maritime warfare branch of Greece's military
and training, especially in the area of strategy. Shortly before the Balkan Wars, the Navy was composed of a fleet of destroyers and battleships. Its
Hellenic_Navy
Bilateral relations
the political freedom and independence of Albania. At the beginning of Balkan Wars, one of the important strategic goals of Serbian politics was to acquire
Albania–Serbia_relations
Diplomatic note from Austria-Hungary to Serbia in 1913
was forced to comply with Austro-Hungarian demands. At the end of the Balkan Wars, the Ottomans were practically ousted from Europe: they controlled only
Ultimatum_of_18_October_1913
Last king of Serbia (r. 1903–18); first king of Yugoslavia (r. 1918–21)
Royal Serbian Army in the Balkan Wars. On 24 June 1914, the aging king proclaimed his son and heir Alexander as regent. In World War I, the King and his army
Peter_I_of_Serbia
1908 restoration of constitutional rule in the Ottoman Empire
liberties through which these groups defended their interests. After the Balkan Wars, the CUP initiated a policy of "national economy" intended to create
Young_Turk_Revolution
Greek Army during the Balkan Wars, his popularity was enormous, rivalled only by that of Venizelos, his prime minister. When World War I broke out in 1914
History_of_modern_Greece
of the historic region of Macedonia received after the Balkan Wars. During the Greek Civil War (1944–1949), many ethnic Macedonians participated in the
History_of_North_Macedonia
Greek Irredentist concept until 1922
the War of Independence in the 1820s through the Balkan Wars in the beginning of the 20th century. It started to fade after the Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)
Megali_Idea
1912–1914 republic in Europe
the time part of Ottoman Empire) on 28 November 1912 during the First Balkan War. Its assembly was constituted on the same day while its government and
Independent_Albania
Serbian war heroine
28 June 1892 – 5 October 1973) was a Serbian war heroine who fought in the Balkan Wars and in World War I. She is the most-decorated female combatant
Milunka_Savić
City in Western Thrace, Greece
During the First Balkan War, Xanthi was captured by the Bulgarian army from the Ottomans on 8 November 1912. In the Second Balkan War the Greek army captured
Xanthi
Military unit
of the Kingdom of Serbia that fought during the Balkan Wars and World War I. During the First Balkan War, the Third Army participated in the Battle of Kumanovo
Third_Army_(Serbia)
Turkish general and politician (1881–1922)
series of crises in the empire, including the 31 March Incident, the Balkan Wars, and the power struggle with the Freedom and Accord Party, left Enver
Enver_Pasha
Modern Greek political movement
rebelled against Ottoman rule and participated in the Greek War of Independence. During the Balkan Wars, Western Thrace was occupied by Bulgarian troops, and
Enosis
Period of Vardar Macedonian history from the mid-14th century to 1912
groups: The Balkan Wars consisted of two wars that occurred in 1912 and 1913. The first began on 8 October 1912 when the nations of the Balkan League, who
North Macedonia under the Ottoman Empire
North_Macedonia_under_the_Ottoman_Empire
Vilayet of the Ottoman Empire projected in 1912 in the western Balkan Peninsula
however, the First Balkan War broke out and most of the remaining European territory of the Ottoman Empire was occupied by the Balkan League member states
Albanian_Vilayet
Ottoman general and War Minister of the Ottoman Empire
position of Chief of Staff of the First Army Inspectorate. During the Balkan Wars, Cevat Bey served successively as Chief of Staff of the Eastern Army
Cevat_Çobanlı
Territorial, political, and economic objectives in the First World War
11, 2021). "Les guerres des Balkans (1912-1913) : de l'Europe des nations à la Première Guerre mondiale" [The Balkan Wars (1912-1913): From the Europe
War aims of the First World War
War_aims_of_the_First_World_War
German steel and weapons production company
guns, while the Ottomans bought 2,773 Krupp guns. By the start of the Balkan Wars the largest export market for Krupp worldwide was Turkey, which purchased
Krupp
following is the Bulgarian order of battle at the start of the Second Balkan War as of 29 June [O.S. 16 June] 1913. This order of battle includes all combat
Second Balkan War order of battle: Bulgarian Army
Second_Balkan_War_order_of_battle:_Bulgarian_Army
Journalist specializing in coverage of armed conflicts
war correspondents List of foreign correspondents in the Spanish Civil War List of war correspondents in World War II Journalists of the Balkan Wars Works
War_correspondent
East Central European Society and the Balkan Wars. Brooklyn College Press. ISBN 978-0-88033-099-2. "Serbia's wars of liberation and unification from 1912-1918"
First Balkan War order of battle: Serbian Army
First_Balkan_War_order_of_battle:_Serbian_Army
independence from Ottoman control was declared in 1908. In the 1912–1913 Balkan Wars, Bulgaria initially formed an alliance with Greece, Serbia and Montenegro
History of Bulgaria (1878–1946)
History_of_Bulgaria_(1878–1946)
Series of offensives in 1940 and 1941
The Balkans campaign of World War II began with the Italian invasion of Greece on 28 October 1940. In the early months of 1941, Italy's offensive had
Balkans campaign (World War II)
Balkans_campaign_(World_War_II)
Austro-Hungarian ultimatum to Serbia issued in the buildup to World War I
the region since the two Balkan Wars. Bulgaria, allied with the Dual Monarchy, suffered a decisive defeat in the Second War. By the turn of the 19th century
Ultimatum_of_July_23,_1914
First Balkan War of 1912–1913 and the Second Balkan War of 1913. The area was further fought over during the Macedonian Campaign of World War I (1915–1918)
Bulgarian_irredentism
Greek political term used to describe parts of southern Albania
southern Albania which were first claimed by the Kingdom of Greece in the Balkan Wars and later were associated with the Greek minority in Albania and Greece-Albania
Northern_Epirus
Peninsula in northwestern Turkey
villages near Gallipoli". The Report of the International Commission on the Balkan Wars mention destruction and massacres in the area by the Ottoman army against
Gallipoli
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