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Classification of variables in economic models
is an exogenous variable and the interest rate is an endogenous variable. An economic variable can be exogenous in some models and endogenous in others
Exogenous and endogenous variables
Exogenous_and_endogenous_variables
observed variables while utilizing the economics theory very lightly (mostly to distinguish between the exogenous and endogenous variables, so called
Structural_estimation
Fact of an action or object originating externally
an endogenous random variable is correlated with the error term in the econometric model, while an exogenous variable is not. However, exogenous variables
Exogeny
Technique in statistics
each explanatory variable that is an endogenous covariate in the equation of interest is regressed on all of the exogenous variables in the model, including
Instrumental_variables
Concept in mathematical modeling, statistical modeling and experimental sciences
"experimental variable", "responding variable", "outcome variable", "output variable", "target" or "label". In economics endogenous variables are usually
Dependent and independent variables
Dependent_and_independent_variables
Concept in econometrics
distinguishes variables whose values are determined within the economic model (endogenous) from those that are predetermined (exogenous). Ignoring simultaneity
Endogeneity_(econometrics)
Topics referred to by the same term
statistics, and social sciences. Specific examples are as follows: In context of economics: Endogeneity (econometrics) Exogenous and endogenous variables in economic
Endogeneity
Economic theory
Endogenous growth theory holds that economic growth is primarily the result of endogenous and not external forces. Endogenous growth theory holds that
Endogenous_growth_theory
Economy's supply of money that is determined endogenously
Endogenous money is an economy’s supply of money that is determined endogenously—that is, as a result of the interactions of other economic variables
Endogenous_money
Form of causal modeling that fit networks of constructs to data
latent variables as in Figure 2). The latent level of a model is composed of endogenous and exogenous variables. The endogenous latent variables are the
Structural_equation_modeling
under which endogenous variables undergo monotone changes (that is, either increasing or decreasing) when there is a change in the exogenous parameters
Monotone_comparative_statics
Type of statistical model
which correspond to the excluded endogenous variables, and those rows which correspond to the included exogenous variables. In simultaneous equations models
Simultaneous_equations_model
Croatian politician (born 1984)
Faculty of Economics and Business in Zagreb. He received his doctorate in 2011 on the topic: "Modelling of exogenous and endogenous variables of the organization
Davor_Filipović
Concept in economics
measures how much an endogenous variable changes in response to a change in some exogenous variable. For example, suppose variable x changes by k units
Multiplier_(economics)
economics – Exceptionalism – Excess burden of taxation – Exogenous and endogenous variables – Exogenous growth model – Expected utility hypothesis – The Experience
Index_of_economics_articles
Results from a system of equations in econometrics
the endogenous variables to obtain reduced form equations, and then to estimate the reduced form equations. Let Y be the vector of the variables to be
Reduced_form
Unexpected event that affects an economy
unpredictable change in exogenous factors—that is, factors unexplained by an economic model—which may influence endogenous economic variables. The response of
Shock_(economics)
Class of peptides that bind to opioid receptors
(casomorphins, exorphins, and rubiscolins). Opioid peptides from food typically have lengths between 4–8 amino acids. Endogenous opioids are generally much
Opioid_peptide
Statistical test
number of endogenous variables). Durbin–Wu–Hausman test Sargan, J. D. (1958). "The Estimation of Economic Relationships Using Instrumental Variables". Econometrica
Sargan–Hansen_test
as regressors, exogenous variables, explanatory variables, covariates, input variables, predictor variables, or independent variables (not to be confused
Multiple_linear_regression
Statistical method
instruments, RE and FE methods extend to the case where some of the explanatory variables are allowed to be endogenous. As in the exogenous setting, RE model
Panel_analysis
Statistical term
point at exogenous variables. Variables that are solely dependent variables, or are both independent and dependent variables, are termed 'endogenous'. Graphically
Path_analysis_(statistics)
Study of economic methodologies
(observable "explanatory" or "exogenous" variables, sometimes designated as x) and outputs (observable "endogenous" variables, y). Nonstructural methods
Methodology_of_econometrics
Immunological process
Cross-presentation involves parts of the exogenous and the endogenous pathways but ultimately involves the latter portion of the endogenous pathway (e.g. proteolysis
Antigen_processing
deficits are endogenously determined, and not exogenously, and thus no single-equation approach could properly capture government spending and deficits,
Monetary/fiscal_debate
research to study internally generated, or endogenous, circadian rhythms without the effect of external, or exogenous, influences. In the method, subjects are
Constant_routine_protocol
Statistical methods to correct for endogeneity problems
Instrumental variables, for example, attempt to model the endogenous variable X as an often invertible model with respect to a relevant and exogenous instrument
Control function (econometrics)
Control_function_(econometrics)
Macroeconomic model relating aggregate demand and supply
wage rate (exogenous due to stickiness in the short run), Pe is the anticipated (expected) price level, and Z2 is a vector of exogenous variables that can
AD–AS_model
Economic model
country need not equal zero; the exchange rate e is exogenously given, while the variable BoP is endogenous. Under the fixed exchange rate system, the central
Mundell–Fleming_model
Pattern of daily vertical movement in many aquatic species
migration, endogenous and exogenous. Endogenous factors originate from the organism itself; sex, age, size, biological rhythms, etc. Exogenous factors are
Diel_vertical_migration
American economist
real world. Economic growth is once more determined by variables commonly taken to be exogenous, like population growth. R&D matters for growth, but does
Charles_I._Jones
Neuropsychological test used to assess attention
Bartolomeo, P., Lupiáñez, J., 2013. Two cognitive and neural systems for endogenous and exogenous spatial attention. Behavioural Brain Research 237,
Posner_cueing_task
Output of a dynamic system when given a brief input
and changes in preferences, such as the degree of impatience. Impulse response functions describe the reaction of endogenous macroeconomic variables such
Impulse_response
Model of endogenous economic fluctuations
model with the Phillips curve to generate endogenous cycles in economic activity (output, unemployment and wages) unlike most modern macroeconomic models
Goodwin_model_(economics)
Holds that money is created endogenously by the banking sector
money is created endogenously by the banking sector, rather than exogenously by central bank lending; it is a theory of endogenous money. It is also
Monetary_circuit_theory
Promoting health through informed choices
prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals"
Public_health
Economic model of price determination in a market
Typically, data on exogenous variables (that is, variables other than price and quantity, both of which are endogenous variables) are needed to perform
Supply_and_demand
of as natural experiments that generate exogenous variations in variables that would otherwise be endogenous in the behavioral relationship of interest
Experimentalist approach to econometrics
Experimentalist_approach_to_econometrics
Thought experiments
consider a sufficiently small change in some exogenous parameter, we can calculate how each endogenous variable changes using only the first derivatives of
Comparative_statics
estimation, and model assessment. However, in contrast to CFA which always assumes the existence of latent variables, in CCA all variables can be observable
Confirmatory composite analysis
Confirmatory_composite_analysis
Phenomenon in genetics
In genetics, crosslinking of DNA occurs when various exogenous or endogenous agents react with two nucleotides of DNA, forming a covalent linkage between
Crosslinking_of_DNA
Inherited genetic variation
Germline mutations can be caused by a variety of endogenous (internal) and exogenous (external) factors, and can occur throughout zygote development. A mutation
Germline_mutation
Type of data visualization for geographic regions
issues, for many variables, one may prefer an isarithmic (for a quantitative variable) or chorochromatic map (for a qualitative variable), in which the
Choropleth_map
Interest-rate model describing the stochastic evolution of the instantaneous short rate
structure comes from outside (exogenous). Other authors use 'equilibrium' and 'no arbitrage' in place of 'endogenous' and 'exogenous'. Throughout this section
Short-rate_model
Medical condition
brought on by a number of exogenous variables, including bacteria, parasites, allergies applied topically or internally, and poisonous substances deposited
Prurigo
Excessive hair growth on parts of the body where hair is usually minimal
of hair growth. The Ferriman-Gallwey Score has various cutoffs due to variable expressivity of hair growth based on ethnic background. Diagnosis of patients
Hirsutism
Uncertainty in profitability and operations
organization) and external risks (risks arising from the events taking place outside the organization): Internal risks arise from factors (endogenous variables, which
Business_risks
Consequences of not getting enough sleep
signal inputs from endogenous, but not exogenous, sources. Therefore, it is suggested that sleep deprivation affects endogenously-driven selective attention
Effects of sleep deprivation on cognitive performance
Effects_of_sleep_deprivation_on_cognitive_performance
Biological system of neurotransmitters
activation by endogenous or exogenous cannabinoids promote NP proliferation and differentiation; this activation is absent in CB1 knockouts and abolished
Endocannabinoid_system
Economic model of endogenous growth
known as the quality ladder model) is a three-sector economic model of endogenous growth theory under monopolistic competition that demonstrates the possibility
Aghion–Howitt_model
Topics referred to by the same term
(economics), any measure of the proportional effect of an exogenous variable on an endogenous variable Fiscal multiplier, the ratio of the change in aggregate
Multiplier
Type of derivative in mathematics
coordinates and time. In comparative statics, total derivatives often describe how endogenous variables change with respect to exogenous variables in an implicitly
Derivative (multivariable calculus)
Derivative_(multivariable_calculus)
Molecule with ability to reversibly switch states
stable or metastable states with the use of any external (exogenous) or internal (endogenous) stimuli, such as changes in pH, light, temperature, an electric
Molecular_switch
Concentration of water vapour in the air
example, historic) and technical processes. While humidity itself is a climate variable, it also affects other climate variables. Environmental humidity
Humidity
Social concept
other: endogenous effects, in which group behavior affects individual behavior directly; exogenous effects or contextual effects, in which exogenously determined
Social_multiplier_effect
Hypothesis of faster per-capita income growth for poorer countries
theory, stating that endogenous factors, such as government policy, are much more influential in economic growth than exogenous factors. For example,
Convergence_(economics)
Type of mathematical model used for infectious diseases
from human to human, and where recovery confers lasting resistance, such as measles, mumps, and rubella. These variables (S, I, and R) represent the number
Compartmental models (epidemiology)
Compartmental_models_(epidemiology)
Intervals of expansion and recession in economic activity
(exogenous) versus internal (endogenous) causes. In the first case shocks are stochastic, in the second case shocks are deterministically chaotic and embedded
Business_cycle
Conceptual model in philosophy of science
where U is a set of exogenous variables whose values are determined by factors outside the model; V is a set of endogenous variables whose values are determined
Causal_model
Income or output generated from economic inputs or investments
capital declines, and the economy converges to a steady state where growth is driven only by exogenous technological progress. Endogenous growth models challenge
Economic_return
1994 book written by Gary King, Robert Keohane, and Sidney Verba
each other) have variation (explanatory variables should be exogenous and dependent variables should be endogenous) have "concrete" concepts (concepts should
Designing_Social_Inquiry
Topics referred to by the same term
random variables under consideration Reduced form, in statistics, an equation which relates the endogenous variable X to all the available exogenous variables
Reduction
Therapeutic use of bacteriophages to treat bacterial infections
Venugopal MN, Karunasagar I (March 2019). "Influence of some environmental variables and addition of r-lysozyme on efficacy of Vibrio harveyi phage for therapy"
Phage_therapy
One of the five major groups of lipoprotein
products, whereas chylomicrons transport exogenous (dietary) products. In the early 2010s both the lipid composition and protein composition of this lipoprotein
Very_low-density_lipoprotein
Concept in statistical mathematics
dependent variable and potentially different sets of exogenous explanatory variables. Each equation is a valid linear regression on its own and can be estimated
Seemingly unrelated regressions
Seemingly_unrelated_regressions
Field using controlled experiments to study financial behaviour and market dynamics
changes in the dependent variable by changing by altering certain independent variables. Unobservable independent variables: Experimentalists can create
Experimental_finance
Invasion of an organism's body by pathogenic agents
preventing infection and speeding wound healing. The variables involved in the outcome of a host becoming inoculated by a pathogen and the ultimate outcome
Infection
Macroeconomic model relating interest rates and output
one of the central bank determining the policy interest rate as an exogenous variable directly. Today, the IS–LM model is largely absent from macroeconomic
IS–LM_model
Type of time series model
at which a dependent variable returns to equilibrium following changes in other explanatory variables. Yule (1926) and Granger and Newbold (1974) were
Error_correction_model
1947 book on economic theory by Paul Samuelson
optimum population dynamics the business cycle endogenous models mixed exogenous-endogenous theories mixed systems of a linear-stochastic type conclusions (on
Foundations of Economic Analysis
Foundations_of_Economic_Analysis
Planning programming language
introduces events (endogenous and exogenous) for the sake of handling concurrency of actions. Thus events become part of plans explicitly, and are assigned
Planning Domain Definition Language
Planning_Domain_Definition_Language
Corticosteroid medication
glucocorticoids and more generally, corticosteroids. It acts as a mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptor agonist. In comparison to other exogenous glucocorticoids
Methylprednisolone
Class of economic models
determined by the model, are called endogenous. The choice of which variables are to be exogenous is called the model closure, and may give rise to controversy
Computable general equilibrium
Computable_general_equilibrium
Study of an economy as a whole
encompasses a variety of concepts and variables, but above all, the three central macroeconomic variables are output, unemployment, and inflation. Besides, the
Macroeconomics
Medical condition
lack of any endogenous GnRH-induced luteinizing hormone (LH) pulses during frequent blood sampling Typically, most patients respond to exogenous GnRH when
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone insensitivity
Gonadotropin-releasing_hormone_insensitivity
German physician, biologist and behavioral physiologist
Rhythms". Alcohol Research and Health. 25 (2): 85–93. PMC 6707128. PMID 11584554. Aschoff J (1960). "Exogenous and Endogenous Components in Circadian Rhythms"
Jürgen_Aschoff
Function in economics
changes in the exogenous or independent variables (especially prices and money incomes of the consumers) on the chosen values of the endogenous or dependent
Income–consumption_curve
Action with unintended consequences
investigation and risk assessment, it has no role in newer approaches such as resilience engineering. There are many ways to categorize human error: exogenous versus
Human_error
Economic indicator
economic circumstance in which there are many other variables. The Solow residual is procyclical and measures of it are now called the rate of growth of
Solow_residual
Medical diagnostic test
hemostasis variables during pregnancy". Semin Vasc Med. 3 (1): 13–24. doi:10.1055/s-2003-38329. PMID 15199489. S2CID 36952311. Mueck AO (2010). "Exogenous hormones
Activated protein C resistance test
Activated_protein_C_resistance_test
Theory in monetary economics
relationships among the four variables in this one equation. The crucial question is to which extent each of these variables is dependent upon the others
Quantity_theory_of_money
Transmission of a pathogen between different species
sensitive and can sometimes be prone to bias in complex models. This can cause problems for CST models that have to consider many variables. Alternatives
Cross-species_transmission
Scientific study of chemical processes involving metabolites
of metabolic profiles and could be classified as either an endogenous or exogenous factor. The main exogenous factors are diet and drugs. Diet can then
Metabolomics
Species of bacterium
dermal tissues. F. magna also releases a considerable amount of FAF and the exogenous FAF may act as a protective barrier for the bacterium during infection
Finegoldia_magna
Psychological concept
Behavioral plasticity can be broadly organized into two types: exogenous and endogenous. Exogenous plasticity refers to the changes in behavioral phenotype
Behavioral_plasticity
Amine hormone
hormone and antioxidant, melatonin is also administered exogenously as a dietary supplement and medication. Melatonin is used medically primarily for sleep-related
Melatonin
Subsystem of the immune system
through the lymph node. Exogenous antigens are usually displayed on MHC class II molecules, which activate CD4+T helper cells. Endogenous antigens are produced
Adaptive_immune_system
Israeli–American economist
causal effects between variables. Angrist also developed with Imbens and Krueger so-called "jackknife instrumental variables estimators" to address the
Joshua_Angrist
Bodily function of expelling intestinal gas from the anus
Intestinal gas is composed of varying quantities of exogenous sources and endogenous sources. The exogenous gases are swallowed (aerophagia) when eating or
Flatulence
researchers have reported difficulty displacing these pre-existing theories. 3. Variable pathogenicity: Infection with pathogens can produce varying responses in
Discovery of disease-causing pathogens
Discovery_of_disease-causing_pathogens
Rapid and short-term onset of drug tolerance
internalisation and resistance to endogenous vasoconstrictors causing worsening in symptoms post use of medication. Oxymetazoline-induced tachyphylaxis and rebound
Tachyphylaxis
Human gene
Expression of Cytochrome P450 3A Isoforms and Toxicological Effects: Endo- and Exogenous Substances as Regulatory Factors and Substrates". Biological & Pharmaceutical
CYP3A
Autoimmune disease
(ed.). "The association between human endogenous retroviruses and multiple sclerosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis". PLOS ONE. 12 (2) e0172415
Multiple_sclerosis
Rapid spread of disease affecting a large number of people in a short time
be termed as a point source outbreak. If the exposure was continuous or variable, it can be termed as a continuous outbreak or intermittent outbreak, respectively
Epidemic
X} is exports, and F {\displaystyle F} are other net foreign currency flows. In the model the following variables are seen as exogenous: Real Output (
Polak_model
Substance that binds to and regulates the activity of chemical receptors
or receptor ligand, is a general term for a substance, endogenous or exogenous, that binds to and regulates the activity of chemical receptors. They are
Receptor_modulator
Sustained increase in a state's money supply (not prices)
of money is largely determined endogenously. But exogenous factors like government surpluses and deficits play a role and allow government to set inflation
Monetary_inflation
Macroeconomic method
of exogenous variables, whether controlled by it (the decisions themselves, if they are exogenous variables) or uncontrolled (e.g. weather), and of structural
Dynamic stochastic general equilibrium
Dynamic_stochastic_general_equilibrium
Glutamate receptor and ion channel protein found in nerve cells
modulated by a number of endogenous and exogenous compounds and play a key role in a wide range of physiological (e.g., memory) and pathological processes
NMDA_receptor
Using mathematical models to understand infectious disease transmission
the mathematics tractable. "Stochastic" means being or having a random variable. A stochastic model is a tool for estimating probability distributions
Mathematical modelling of infectious diseases
Mathematical_modelling_of_infectious_diseases
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