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Two electrons that occupy the same molecular orbital but have opposite spins
In chemistry, an electron pair or Lewis pair consists of two electrons that occupy the same atomic or molecular orbital but have opposite spins. Gilbert
Electron_pair
Chemical bond by sharing of electron pairs
involves the sharing of electrons to form electron pairs between atoms. These electron pairs are known as shared pairs or bonding pairs. The stable balance
Covalent_bond
Pair of electrons bound together at low temperature, allowing for superconductivity
In condensed matter physics, a Cooper pair or BCS pair (Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer pair) is a pair of electrons (or other fermions) bound together at low
Cooper_pair
Model for predicting molecular geometry
Valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory (/ˈvɛspər, vəˈsɛpər/ VESP-ər, və-SEP-ər) is a model used in chemistry to predict the geometry of
VSEPR_theory
Elementary particle with negative charge
The electron (e− , or β− in nuclear reactions) is a subatomic particle whose electric charge is negative one elementary charge. It is an elementary particle
Electron
Pair of valence electrons which are not shared with another atom in a covalent bond
lone pair refers to a pair of valence electrons that are not shared with another atom in a covalent bond and is sometimes called an unshared pair or non-bonding
Lone_pair
Creation of particle-antiparticle pair from a neutral boson
antiproton. Pair production often refers specifically to a photon creating an electron–positron pair near a nucleus. As energy must be conserved, for pair production
Pair_production
Topics referred to by the same term
Electron Pair Production may refer to: Cooper pairing of electrons in superconductor Electron-positron pair production Electron-hole pair generation in
Electron_Pair_Production
Diagrams for the bonding between atoms of a molecule and lone pairs of electrons
show the bonding between atoms of a molecule, as well as the lone pairs of electrons that may exist in the molecule. Introduced by Gilbert N. Lewis in
Lewis_structure
Electron counting rules
In chemistry the polyhedral skeletal electron pair theory (PSEPT) provides electron counting rules useful for predicting the structures of clusters such
Polyhedral skeletal electron pair theory
Polyhedral_skeletal_electron_pair_theory
Chemical compound giving a proton or accepting an electron pair
known as a Brønsted–Lowry acid, or forming a covalent bond with an electron pair, known as a Lewis acid. The first category of acids are the proton donors
Acid
Organic compound (CH3–C≡N); simplest organic nitrile
with cyanogen chloride affords malononitrile. Acetonitrile has a free electron pair at the nitrogen atom, which can form many transition metal nitrile complexes
Acetonitrile
Chemical bond theory
an electron pair from a Lewis base to form a Lewis adduct. A Lewis base, then, is any species that has a filled orbital containing an electron pair which
Lewis_acids_and_bases
Type of lepton that orbits an atom on its own
chemistry, an unpaired electron is an electron that occupies an orbital of an atom singly, rather than as part of an electron pair. Each atomic orbital
Unpaired_electron
Association of atoms to form chemical compounds
matter. In the simplest view of a covalent bond, one or more electrons (often a pair of electrons) are drawn into the space between the two atomic nuclei.
Chemical_bond
Scattering of photons off charged particles
at the nucleus, or with only an electron. Pair production and the Compton effect occur at the level of the electron. When a high-frequency photon scatters
Compton_scattering
Tabular arrangement of the chemical elements
other by sharing electrons in pairs, creating an overlap of valence orbitals. The degree to which each atom attracts the shared electron pair depends on the
Periodic_table
Formalism used for classifying compounds
rule for the π-electrons of aromatic compounds, Polyhedral skeletal electron pair theory for polyhedral cluster compounds, including transition metals
Electron_counting
Transient quantum fluctuation (physics)
positron–electron pairs out of the vacuum or Dirac sea, with the electron attracted to the nucleus to annihilate the positive charge. This pair-creation
Virtual_particle
Chemical bonding involving attraction between ions
molecular geometry around each atom is determined by valence shell electron pair repulsion VSEPR rules, whereas, in ionic materials, the geometry follows
Ionic_bonding
Electron-positron production from two photons
Breit–Wheeler process or Breit–Wheeler pair production is a proposed physical process in which a positron–electron pair is created from the collision of two
Breit–Wheeler_process
Chemical species that donates an electron pair
species that forms bonds by donating an electron pair. All molecules and ions with a free pair of electrons or at least one pi bond can act as nucleophiles
Nucleophile
Study of the 3D shapes of molecules
involving single, double, and/or triple bonds, where a "bond" is a shared pair of electrons (the other method of bonding between atoms is called ionic bonding
Molecular_geometry
Method of measuring the extent of spatial localization of an electron
extent of spatial localization of the reference electron and provides a method for the mapping of electron pair probability in multielectronic systems. ELF's
Electron localization function
Electron_localization_function
Chemical property of transition metals
These orbitals can collectively accommodate 18 electrons as either bonding or non-bonding electron pairs. This means that the combination of these nine
18-electron_rule
Anti-particle to the electron
1/2 ħ (the same as the electron), and the same mass as an electron. It is the antiparticle (antimatter counterpart) of the electron. When a positron collides
Positron
Type of chemical substance
pair of electrons that the bases possess. In the Lewis theory, a base is an electron pair donor which can share a pair of electrons with an electron acceptor
Base_(chemistry)
Reluctance of s-orbitals to take part in bond formation
The inert-pair effect is the tendency of the two electrons in the outermost atomic s-orbital to remain unshared in compounds of post-transition metals
Inert-pair_effect
Technique to describe progression of organic chemistry reaction mechanisms
pair of electrons or a σ or π bond and ending in a position that can accept a pair of electrons, allowing the reader to know exactly which electrons are
Arrow_pushing
Postulate in particle physics
The one-electron universe is the hypothesis that all electrons and positrons are actually manifestations of a single entity moving backwards and forwards
One-electron_universe
that acts as an electron pair acceptor when reacting with another species, forming a covalent bond by accepting a lone pair of electrons donated by the
Glossary_of_chemistry_terms
Microscopic theory of superconductivity
microscopic effect caused by a condensation of pairs of electrons known as Cooper pairs. These pairs move through the lattice without resistance. The
BCS_theory
Atom, molecule, or ion that has an unpaired valence electron; typically highly reactive
from spin-paired molecules or (2) from other radicals. Radicals are formed from spin-paired molecules through homolysis of weak bonds or electron transfer
Radical_(chemistry)
Organosulfur chemical compound used as a solvent
consistent with other three-coordinate S(IV) compounds, with a nonbonded electron pair on the approximately tetrahedral sulfur atom. Dimethyl sulfoxide was
Dimethyl_sulfoxide
Process that results in the interconversion of chemical species
Arrhenius definition. Lewis definition: Acids are electron-pair acceptors, and bases are electron-pair donors; this includes the Brønsted-Lowry definition
Chemical_reaction
Function describing an electron in an atom
describing the location and wave-like behavior of an electron in an atom. This function describes an electron's charge distribution around the atom's nucleus
Atomic_orbital
Chemical species that accepts an electron pair from a nucleophile
that forms bonds with nucleophiles by accepting an electron pair. Because electrophiles accept electrons, they are Lewis acids. Most electrophiles are positively
Electrophile
Energy needed to remove an electron
minimum energy required to remove the most loosely bound electron(s) (the valence electron(s)) of an isolated gaseous atom, positive ion, or molecule
Ionization_energy
Chemical compounds and groups containing nitrogen with a lone pair (:N)
alkyl or aryl groups. The nitrogen atom in an amine possesses a lone pair of electrons. Amines can also exist as heterocyclic compounds. Aniline ( C 6 H
Amine
Electron in the outer shell of an atom's energy levels
covalent bond, a shared pair forms with both atoms in the bond each contributing one valence electron. The presence of valence electrons can determine the element's
Valence_electron
Chemical compound (OH–)
format. It can even act as a 3-electron-pair donor, as in the tetramer [PtMe3(OH)]4. When bound to a strongly electron-withdrawing metal centre, hydroxide
Hydroxide
Type of high-energy supernova in very large stars
A pair-instability supernova is a type of supernova predicted to occur when pair production — the production of free electrons and positrons in the collision
Pair-instability_supernova
Topics referred to by the same term
Independent electron approximation Lone pair or free electron pair Nearly free electron model Orbital angular momentum of free electrons Unpaired electron This
Free_electron
Collision of a particle and its antiparticle
particles, such as an electron colliding with a positron to produce two photons. The total energy and momentum of the initial pair are conserved in the
Annihilation
Chemical theory about acids and bases
Lewis base is a compound that can give an electron pair to a Lewis acid, a compound that can accept an electron pair. Lewis's proposal explains the Brønsted–Lowry
Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory
Brønsted–Lowry_acid–base_theory
Type of electron microscope
electron microscope (SEM) is a type of electron microscope that produces images of a sample by scanning the surface with a focused beam of electrons.
Scanning_electron_microscope
American physical chemist (1875–1946)
best known for his discovery of the covalent bond and his concept of electron pairs; his Lewis dot structures and other contributions to valence bond theory
Gilbert_N._Lewis
Phenomenon in solid-state physics of semiconductors
diodes. The electron–hole pair is the fundamental unit of generation and recombination in inorganic semiconductors, corresponding to an electron transitioning
Carrier generation and recombination
Carrier_generation_and_recombination
Compound with a metal center bound to ligands
two pairs of electrons) or polydentate (offers more than two pairs of electrons). In some cases an atom or a group offers a pair of electrons to two similar
Coordination_complex
Electron-deficient chemical bond where three atoms share two electrons
features heavily in cluster compounds described by the polyhedral skeletal electron pair theory, such as boranes and carboranes. These molecules derive their
Three-center two-electron bond
Three-center_two-electron_bond
Chemical reaction in which a nucleophile is affixed to the substrate
{\text{Nuc}}\mathbf {:} +{\ce {R-LG -> R-Nuc}}+{\text{LG}}\mathbf {:} } The electron pair (:) from the nucleophile (Nuc) attacks the substrate (R−LG) and bonds
Nucleophilic_substitution
Scientific theory
spin of the electrons, the theory can describe bonding situations beyond those invoking electron pairs, for example two-centre one-electron bonds. This
Linnett_double-quartet_theory
Decay of strong electromagnetic fields into particles
mechanism, or Schwinger pair production. It is a prediction of quantum electrodynamics (QED) in which electron–positron pairs are spontaneously created
Schwinger_effect
Method for describing the electronic structure of molecules using quantum mechanics
non-bonding. A bonding orbital concentrates electron density in the region between a given pair of atoms, so that its electron density will tend to attract each
Molecular_orbital_theory
Energy released from chemical substances
or evolved from a chemical system. If reactants with relatively weak electron-pair bonds convert to more strongly bonded products, energy is released.
Chemical_energy
Particle with opposite charges
antiparticle of the positron is the electron. Some particles, such as the photon, are their own antiparticle. Otherwise, for each pair of antiparticle partners,
Antiparticle
Two-electron chemical bond where both electrons derive from the same atom
donating a pair of electrons to a metal centre. For example, in hexamminecobalt(III) chloride, each ammonia ligand donates its lone pair of electrons to the
Coordinate_covalent_bond
Chemical rule of thumb
the 18-electron rule for transition metals. The valence electrons in molecules like carbon dioxide (CO2) can be visualized using a Lewis electron dot diagram
Octet_rule
American theoretical physicist (1911–2008)
nuclear fission. Together with Gregory Breit, Wheeler explored positron-electron pair production from the collision of two photons, now known as the Breit–Wheeler
John_Archibald_Wheeler
Polyhedron made of equilateral triangles
used in the applications of chemistry as in the polyhedral skeletal electron pair theory and chemical compounds. There are infinitely many concave deltahedra
Deltahedron
Physical and chemical properties of pure water
of nonbonding electron pairs increases. A bonding pair of electrons is attracted by both nuclei of the bonded atoms, but a nonbonding pair is attracted
Properties_of_water
Mechanism of electron transfer via a bridging ligand
entity that can convey electrons. Typically, such a ligand has more than one lone electron pair, such that it can serve as an electron donor to both the reductant
Inner sphere electron transfer
Inner_sphere_electron_transfer
Field of chemistry
species capable of binding to electron pairs is called a Lewis acid; conversely any molecule that tends to donate an electron pair is referred to as a Lewis
Inorganic_chemistry
Extremely strong acid
its extraordinary acidity to the weakness of proton acceptors (and electron pair donors) (Brønsted or Lewis bases) in solution. Because of this, the
Superacid
Anion and term for chemical compounds containing it
perchlorate can also be called chlorate(VII). As predicted by valence shell electron pair repulsion theory, chlorate anions have trigonal pyramidal structures
Chlorate
Configuration of atoms within a molecule
arccos(−1/3) ≈ 109.5°. However, the three hydrogen atoms are repelled by the electron lone pair in a way that the geometry is distorted to a trigonal pyramid (regular
Trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry
Trigonal_pyramidal_molecular_geometry
Chemical compound formed when an acid donates a proton to a base
between the base and the proton is shown by an arrow that starts on an electron pair from the base and ends at the hydrogen ion (proton) that will be transferred:
Conjugate_(acid-base_theory)
3D shape of molecules in which all bond angles are 180°
(Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion model), linear geometry occurs at central atoms with two bonded atoms and zero or three lone pairs (AX2 or AX2E3)
Linear_molecular_geometry
Chemical reaction between an acid and a base
compound that can donate an electron pair, and an acid (a Lewis acid) to be a compound that can receive this electron pair. For example, boron trifluoride
Acid–base_reaction
Collision causing gamma ray emission
Electron–positron annihilation occurs when an electron (e− ) and a positron (e+ , the electron's antiparticle) collide. At low energies, the result of
Electron–positron annihilation
Electron–positron_annihilation
Any chemical compound having at least one boron atom
These compounds are Lewis acids in that they readily form adducts with electron-pair donors, which are called Lewis bases. For example, fluoride (F−) and
Boron_compounds
Set of rules pertaining to pericyclic reactions
orbital (i.e., a lone pair) is 2. The electron count of a conjugated π system with n double bonds is 2n (or 2n + 2, if a (formal) lone pair from a heteroatom
Woodward–Hoffmann_rules
Anion with formula OCN and charge –1
a metal ion in which either the nitrogen or oxygen atom may be the electron-pair donor. It can also act as a bridging ligand. Compounds that contain
Cyanate
Force of attraction or repulsion between molecules and neighboring particles
molecule together. For example, the covalent bond, involving sharing electron pairs between atoms, is much stronger than the forces present between neighboring
Intermolecular_force
form non-bonding electron pairs, usually known as lone pairs. The valence of a bond, S, is defined as the number of electron pairs forming the bond.
Bond_valence_method
One of two foundational theories of quantum chemistry
orbital theory (MO), which does not adhere to the valence bond idea that electron pairs are localized between two specific atoms in a molecule, but that they
Valence_bond_theory
Any chemical compound containing an O2 ion (charge –1)
one-electron reduction of dioxygen O2, which occurs widely in nature. Molecular oxygen (dioxygen) is a diradical containing two unpaired electrons, and
Superoxide
Hypothetical charge of an atom if all its bonds to different atoms were fully ionic
equivalence of bond pairs and lone pairs when counting electrons and moving bonds onto atoms. Structures drawn with electron dot pairs are of course identical
Oxidation_state
Atom(s) that detach from the substrate during a chemical reaction
leaving group typically means a molecular fragment that departs with an electron pair during a reaction step with heterolytic bond cleavage. In this usage
Leaving_group
Ion or molecule bound to a metal atom
metal generally involves formal donation of one or more of the ligand's electron pairs, often through Lewis bases. The nature of metal–ligand bonding can range
Ligand
are additions and extensions to Wade's rules and polyhedral skeletal electron pair theory. The Jemmis mno rule provides the relationship between polyhedral
Jemmis_mno_rules
Early atomic model
bond. The 1916 article by Lewis also introduced the concept of the electron pair in the covalent bond, the octet rule, and the now-called Lewis structure
Cubical_atom
Chemical reaction involving the addition of a nucleophile to an electrophile
which atoms are added accepting electron pairs, whereas the latter reactions involve the group donating electron pairs. Nucleophilic addition reactions
Nucleophilic_addition
Subatomic particle
mu (μ) used to represent it) is an elementary particle similar to the electron, with an electric charge of −1 e and a spin of 1/2 ħ, but with a much
Muon
Scientific study of matter's behavior and properties
a pair of electrons from another substance during the process of bond formation, while a base is a substance which can provide a pair of electrons to
Chemistry
British chemist
Chemistry. Wade's Rules, also known as polyhedral skeletal electron pair theory, are a set of electron counting rules to predict the shapes of borane clusters
Kenneth_Wade
Chemical compound
by atomic carbon. A Lewis acid can join with an electron pair of atomic carbon, and an electron pair of a Lewis base can join with atomic carbon by adduction:
Atomic_carbon
Their structures can often be rationalized by polyhedral skeletal electron pair theory. The inventory of these compounds is large, and their structures
Metallaborane
Protein family
thiols), and thus allows for oxidoreductase activity by serving as an electron pair donor or acceptor, depending on oxidation state. This reaction generally
DsbA
Application of quantum mechanics and chemistry to biology
substances have pairs of properties that cannot be measured separately without changing the outcome of measurement. Particles, such as electrons and protons
Quantum_biology
Production of light due to absorption of high-energy photons or particles
electron, pair production starts to occur. Pair production is the relativistic phenomenon where the energy of a photon is converted into an electron-positron
Scintillation_(physics)
Organic molecule containing a neutral carbon atom with 3 unpaired valence electrons
doublet states: the non-bonding electrons on carbon are arranged as one radical (unpaired electron) and one electron pair, leaving a vacant atomic orbital
Carbyne
Topics referred to by the same term
atoms, ions or molecules Covalent bond or molecular bond, a sharing of electron pairs between atoms Bonding molecular orbital, an attraction between the atomic
Bonding_electron
Smallest unit of a chemical element
generally neutrons, surrounded by an electromagnetically bound swarm of electrons. The chemical elements are distinguished from each other by the number
Atom
Chemical compound
of these electron pairs are used as bond pairs, which leaves one lone pair of electrons. The lone pair repels more strongly than bond pairs; therefore
Ammonia
Theories of quantum chemistry explained via relativistic mechanics
Bi(III) (bismuth) complexes a 6s2 electron pair exists. The inert pair effect is the tendency of this pair of electrons to resist oxidation due to a relativistic
Relativistic quantum chemistry
Relativistic_quantum_chemistry
Particle, atom or molecule with a net electrical charge
(gas or liquid), "ion pairs" are created by spontaneous molecule collisions, where each generated pair consists of a free electron and a positive ion. Ions
Ion
Chemistry subfield
consciousness. The radical-pair mechanism explains how a magnetic field can affect reaction kinetics by affecting electron spin dynamics. Most commonly
Spin_chemistry
Subatomic particle
1.21×10−20 s. The types of decay modes are diverse, with electron pair, muon pair, tauon pair decays (all three lepton decays) each occurring at 2.5% frequency
Upsilon_meson
only by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, but also by sharing one or more pairs of electrons...Two electrons thus coupled together, when
History_of_molecular_theory
ELECTRON PAIR
ELECTRON PAIR
Boy/Male
English American
A sometimes used as an independent name. Also, in England, 'Ernie' refers to the Electronic...
Girl/Female
Greek
Sparkling. The fiery sun. Mythological daughter of Agamemnon. In literature she was a central...
Female
English
English name derived from the vocabulary word, from Greek kyanos, CYAN means "dark blue" and "lapis lazuli." The color cyan is also sometimes called blue-green, electric blue, and turquoise.Â
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Choice; Preference; Selection
Girl/Female
Australian, Danish, Greek
Bright; Shining
Boy/Male
Arabic, Hindu, Indian, Muslim
Election; Last Dream
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name for someone who lived by the gates of a medieval walled town. The Middle English singular gate is from the Old English plural, gatu, of geat ‘gate’ (see Yates). Since medieval gates were normally arranged in pairs, fastened in the center, the Old English plural came to function as a singular, and a new Middle English plural ending in -s was formed. In some cases the name may refer specifically to the Sussex place Eastergate (i.e. ‘eastern gate’), known also as Gates in the 13th and 14th centuries, when surnames were being acquired.Americanized spelling of German Götz (see Goetz).Translated form of French Barrière (see Barriere).In New England, Gates was the preferred English version of the name of an extensive French family, called Barrière dit Langevin.
Boy/Male
Arabic
Electric Light
Boy/Male
Assamese, Bengali, Indian, Tamil
To Choose; Selection
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim, Sindhi
Selection; Choice
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from any of the numerous places so called. The final syllable represents Old English tÅ«n ‘enclosure’, ‘settlement’. The first element has a wide variety of possible origins. In the case of three examples in Lincolnshire it is Old English hÅh ‘spur of a hill’; for places in Oxfordshire and Somerset it is Old English halh ‘nook’, ‘recess’; for one in Dorset it may be Old English holh ‘hollow’, ‘depression’ or holt ‘small wood’; for a further pair in Suffolk it may be hola, genitive plural of holh ‘hollow’, but more probably a personal name HÅla.
Girl/Female
American, Hindu, Indian
Selection
Boy/Male
Biblical
Election; he that is chosen.
Boy/Male
Muslim/Islamic
Selection choice
Boy/Male
Muslim
Selection, Choice
Boy/Male
Muslim
Choice, Preference, Selection
Biblical
election; he that is chosen;he will choose;chooser; God does choose;
Female
Italian
Italian form of Latin Electra, ELETTRA means "bright, shining."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from a pair of villages in Cheshire, on either side of the Weaver river, recorded in Domesday Book as Maneshale, from the genitive case of the Old English personal name Mann + Old English scylf ‘shelf’, ‘ledge’.
Surname or Lastname
English (Lancashire)
English (Lancashire) : probably ‘brother of someone called Fair’ or else a descriptive name for the better-looking of a pair of brothers.
ELECTRON PAIR
ELECTRON PAIR
Girl/Female
Gaelic Irish
White shoulder. From Fionnghuala or Fionnuala.
Boy/Male
Tamil
Umaprasad | உமாபà¯à®°à®¸à®¾à®¤
Blessing of Goddess Parvati
Boy/Male
American, British, English
From Raven's Island
Male
Greek
(Ἰωσήφ) Greek form of Hebrew Yowceph, IOSEPH means "(God) shall add (another son)." In the bible, this is the name of many characters, including the husband of Mary the mother of Jesus.
Female
Hebrew
 Pet form of Hebrew Miryam, MIRA means "obstinacy, rebelliousness" or "their rebellion." Compare with other forms of Mira.
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, Chinese, Christian, English, Hebrew
Modern Female Version of John and Jon; The Lord is Gracious
Boy/Male
Assamese, Indian
Calm
Boy/Male
Hindu
Mind
Boy/Male
English
From Wine's town; from a friend's town. Famous Bearer: Sir Winston Churchill (1874-1965), World...
Boy/Male
Hindu
Vedic hymns
ELECTRON PAIR
ELECTRON PAIR
ELECTRON PAIR
ELECTRON PAIR
ELECTRON PAIR
n.
Amber; also, the alloy of gold and silver, called electrum.
a.
Made of electrum, an alloy used by the ancients.
a.
Pert. to, or caused by, electro-capillarity.
a.
Alt. of Electro-dynamical
n.
A lesson or selection, esp. of Scripture, read in divine service.
a.
Pertaining to the movements or force of electric or galvanic currents; dependent on electric force.
a.
Alt. of Electro-metrical
a.
The act of choosing; choice; selection.
a.
Pertaining to an election or to electors.
a.
Of or pertaining to electro-chemistry.
a.
Producing electro-motion; producing, or tending to produce, electricity or an electric current; causing electrical action or effects.
a.
Belonging to the electro-chronograph, or recorded by the aid of it.
a.
Of or pertaining to electro-kinetics.
n.
An instrument for measuring the strength of electro-dynamic currents.
n.
Alt. of Electro-puncturing
a.
Pertaining to electro-ballistics.
n.
An election held by itself, not at the time of a general election.
n.
The art or science of constructing or using the electric telegraph; the transmission of messages by means of the electric telegraph.
n.
One versed in electro-biology.