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Chemical compound (OH–)
Hydroxide is a diatomic anion with chemical formula OH−. It consists of an oxygen and hydrogen atom held together by a single covalent bond, and carries
Hydroxide
Caustic soda, with formula NaOH
Sodium hydroxide, also known as caustic soda and, more generically, as lye, is an inorganic compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white solid ionic
Sodium_hydroxide
Inorganic compound (KOH)
Potassium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the formula KOH, and is commonly called caustic potash. Along with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), KOH is a
Potassium_hydroxide
Inorganic compound of formula Ca(OH)2
Calcium hydroxide (traditionally called slaked lime) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ca(OH)2. It is a colorless crystal or white powder
Calcium_hydroxide
Inorganic compound of formula Mg(OH)2
Magnesium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Mg(OH)2. It occurs in nature as the mineral brucite. It is a white solid with low
Magnesium_hydroxide
Chemical compound
Aluminium hydroxide, Al(OH)3, is a white chemical compound that is found as the mineral gibbsite (also known as hydrargillite) and its three much rarer
Aluminium_hydroxide
Hydroxide of copper
Copper(II) hydroxide is the hydroxide of copper with the chemical formula of Cu(OH)2. It is a pale blue solid. Some forms of copper(II) hydroxide are sold
Copper(II)_hydroxide
Chemical compound
Lithium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the formula LiOH. It can exist as anhydrous or hydrated, and both forms are white hygroscopic solids.
Lithium_hydroxide
Type of chemical substance
Barium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, zinc hydroxide, iron(II) hydroxide, tin(II) hydroxide, lead(II) hydroxide, copper(II) hydroxide, etc
Base_(chemistry)
Family of chemical compounds
hydroxide Beryllium hydroxide Cobalt(II) hydroxide Copper(II) hydroxide Curium hydroxide Gold(III) hydroxide Iron(II) hydroxide Mercury(II) hydroxide
Metal_hydroxide
Chemical compound
Iron (II) hydroxide or ferrous hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the formula Fe(OH)2. It is produced when iron (II) salts, from a compound such as
Iron(II)_hydroxide
Chemical compound
Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH or TMAOH) is a quaternary ammonium salt with molecular formula N(CH3)4+OH−. It is commonly encountered in form of
Tetramethylammonium_hydroxide
Sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide
solutions, including soda lye (a solution of sodium hydroxide) and potash lye (a solution of potassium hydroxide). Lyes are used as cleaning products, as ingredients
Lye
Hydrous ferric oxide (HFO)
Iron(III) oxide-hydroxide or ferric oxyhydroxide is the chemical compound of iron, oxygen, and hydrogen with formula FeO(OH). The compound is often encountered
Iron(III)_oxide-hydroxide
Chemical compound
Zinc hydroxide Zn(OH)2 is an inorganic chemical compound. It also occurs naturally as 3 rare minerals: wülfingite (orthorhombic), ashoverite and sweetite
Zinc_hydroxide
Lithium hydroxide (LiOH) Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) Potassium hydroxide (KOH) Rubidium hydroxide (RbOH) Caesium hydroxide (CsOH) Francium hydroxide (FrOH)
Alkali_hydroxide
Industrial process for electrolysis of sodium chloride
of sodium hydroxide produced. Because the process yields equivalent amounts of chlorine and sodium hydroxide (two moles of sodium hydroxide per mole of
Chloralkali_process
Transition metal hydroxide complexes are coordination complexes containing one or more hydroxide (OH−) ligands. The inventory is very large. Hydroxide is classified
Transition metal hydroxide complexes
Transition_metal_hydroxide_complexes
Chemical compound
Barium hydroxide is a chemical compound with the chemical formula Ba(OH)2. The monohydrate (x = 1), known as baryta or baryta-water, is one of the principal
Barium_hydroxide
Parody where water is presented by an uncommon name
involved other uncommon chemical nomenclatures for water such as "hydrogen hydroxide", "dihydrogen oxide" and "hydric acid". In 1983, on April Fools' Day,
Dihydrogen_monoxide_parody
Organic compound (C6H5OH)
and turn blue litmus slightly to red. Phenol is neutralized by sodium hydroxide forming sodium phenate or phenolate, but being weaker than carbonic acid
Phenol
Index of chemical compounds with the same name
Cerium hydroxide may refer to: Cerium(III) hydroxide, Ce(OH)3, cerium trihydroxide Cerium(IV) hydroxide, Ce(OH)4, cerium tetrahydroxide This set index
Cerium_hydroxide
Chemical compound
Strontium hydroxide, Sr(OH)2, is a caustic alkali composed of one strontium ion and two hydroxide ions. It is synthesized by combining a strontium salt
Strontium_hydroxide
Chemical compound
Beryllium hydroxide, Be(OH)2, is an amphoteric hydroxide, dissolving in both acids and alkalis. Industrially, it is produced as a by-product in the extraction
Beryllium_hydroxide
Chemical compound
Trimethyltin hydroxide is an organotin compound with the chemical formula (CH3)3SnOH. It is a white crystalline solid. Trimethyltin hydroxide can be synthesized
Trimethyltin_hydroxide
Index of chemical compounds with the same name
Thallium hydroxide may refer to: Thallium(I) hydroxide Thallium(III) hydroxide This set index article lists chemical compounds articles associated with
Thallium_hydroxide
Chemical compound
hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide. It is the strongest of the five alkali metal hydroxides. Fused caesium hydroxide has applications
Caesium_hydroxide
Chemical compound
Radium hydroxide is an inorganic compound of radium, hydrogen, and oxygen with the chemical formula Ra(OH)2. Stability constant of aqueous RaOH+ ion pair
Radium_hydroxide
Index of chemical compounds with the same name
Tin hydroxide may refer to: Tin(II) hydroxide Sn(OH)2, also known as stannous hydroxide Tin(IV) hydroxide Sn(OH)4, also known as stannic hydroxide This
Tin_hydroxide
Index of chemical compounds with the same name
Lead hydroxide may refer to: Lead(II) hydroxide Triphenyl lead hydroxide [wikidata] This set index article lists chemical compounds articles associated
Lead_hydroxide
Basic, ionic salt of an alkali metal
(/ˈælkəlaɪ/ ; from the Arabic word al-qily, القالِي "saltwort") also base is a hydroxide of any of either the alkali metal which are Group I s-block elements,
Alkali
Chemical compound
Nickel(II) hydroxide is the inorganic compound with the formula Ni(OH)2. It is a lime-green solid that dissolves with decomposition in ammonia and amines
Nickel(II)_hydroxide
Chemical compound
Benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide, also known as Triton B or trimethylbenzylammonium hydroxide, is a quaternary ammonium salt that functions as an organic
Benzyltrimethylammonium hydroxide
Benzyltrimethylammonium_hydroxide
Class of chemical compounds composed of iron and oxygen
Iron oxide nanoparticle Limonite List of inorganic pigments Iron(II) hydroxide Cornell., RM.; Schwertmann, U (2003). The iron oxides: structure, properties
Iron_oxide
Chemical compound
Tetraethylammonium hydroxide is the organic compound with the formula [(CH3CH2)4N]OH, abbreviated [Et4N]OH, where Et stands for ethyl. It is the tetraethylammonium
Tetraethylammonium_hydroxide
Organic chemical compound
Choline hydroxide is an organic compound with the chemical formula [(CH3)3NCH2CH2OH]+OH−. It is also known as choline base. It is used as solutions in
Choline_hydroxide
Chemical compound of calcium
calcium-containing inorganic compounds, in which carbonates, oxides, and hydroxides of calcium, silicon, magnesium, aluminium, and iron predominate. By contrast
Calcium_oxide
Chemical compound
Lead(II) hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the formula Pb(OH)2. The material has not been isolated but its existence has been inferred as an ill-defined
Lead(II)_hydroxide
Chemical compound
Francium hydroxide is a hypothetical inorganic compound with a chemical formula FrOH. It is a hydroxide of francium. It probably can be produced by reacting
Francium_hydroxide
Chemical acid found in vinegar
mononitride Sulfur monoxide Titanium(II) oxide Triatomic Aluminium(I) hydroxide Aluminium isocyanide Amino radical Carbon dioxide Carbonyl sulfide CCP
Acetic_acid
Chemical compound
Bismuth hydroxide (Bi(OH) 3) is a non-fully characterised chemical compound of bismuth. It is produced as white flakes when alkali is added to a solution
Bismuth_hydroxide
Test to differentiate between skin fungi
The KOH test, also known as a potassium hydroxide preparation or KOH prep, is a quick, inexpensive fungal test to differentiate dermatophytes and Candida
KOH_test
Chemical compound
Lanthanum hydroxide is La(OH) 3, a hydroxide of the rare-earth element lanthanum. Lanthanum hydroxide can be obtained by adding an alkali such as ammonia
Lanthanum_hydroxide
Chemical compound
Germanium(II) hydroxide, normally written as Ge(OH)2, is a poorly characterised compound, sometimes called hydrous germanium(II) oxide or germanous hydroxide. It
Germanium(II)_hydroxide
Chemical compound (Cr(OH)3)
Chromium(III) hydroxide is a gelatinous green inorganic compound with the chemical formula Cr(OH)3. It is a polymer with an undefined structure and low
Chromium(III)_hydroxide
Chemical compound
Europium(II) hydroxide is an inorganic compound, with the chemical formula of Eu(OH)2. It can exist as the dihydrate Eu(OH)2·H2O. The monohydrate of europium(II)
Europium(II)_hydroxide
Chemical compound
by dissolving chlorine gas into basic water solutions, such as sodium hydroxide. The acid can also be prepared by dissolving dichlorine monoxide in water;
Hypochlorous_acid
Earth pigment of characteristic colour
and umber. The major ingredient of all the ochres is iron(III) oxide-hydroxide, known as limonite, which gives them a yellow colour. A range of other
Ochre
Physical and chemical properties of pure water
autoionization in the liquid state when two water molecules form one hydroxide anion (OH− ) and one hydronium cation (H 3O+ ). Because of autoionization
Properties_of_water
Chemical compound
Cadmium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the formula Cd(OH)2. It is a white crystalline ionic compound that is a key component of nickel–cadmium
Cadmium_hydroxide
Chemical compound
Triphenyltin hydroxide is an organotin compound with formula Sn(C6H5)3OH. Triphenyltin hydroxide is used as a fungicide for potatoes, sugar beets, and
Triphenyltin_hydroxide
Index of chemical compounds with the same name
Europium hydroxide may refer to: Europium(II) hydroxide (Europium dihydroxide), Eu(OH)2 Europium(III) hydroxide (Europium trihydroxide), Eu(OH)3 This set
Europium_hydroxide
Chemical compound
Cerium(IV) hydroxide, also known as ceric hydroxide, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ce(OH)4. It is a yellowish powder that is insoluble
Cerium(IV)_hydroxide
Chemical compound
Tin(II) hydroxide, Sn(OH)2, also known as stannous hydroxide, is an inorganic compound tin(II). The only related material for which definitive information
Tin(II)_hydroxide
Class of plant and fungus secondary metabolites
compound is dissolved in water, warmed, and filtered. 10% aqueous sodium hydroxide is added to 2 ml of this solution. This produces a yellow coloration.
Flavonoid
CH3OH; simplest possible alcohol
Columbian spirits Hydroxymethane Methyl alcohol Methyl hydrate Methyl hydroxide Methylic alcohol Methylol Methylene hydrate, primary alcohol Pyroligneous
Methanol
Chemical compound
ammonia in water. Alternatively, it is known as ammonia water, ammonium hydroxide, ammoniacal liquor, ammonia liquor, liquid ammonia, aqua ammonia, aqueous
Ammonia_solution
Chemical compound
Cobalt(III) hydroxide or cobaltic hydroxide is a chemical compound with formula Co(OH) 3 or H 3CoO 3. It is an ionic compound, with trivalent cobalt cations
Cobalt(III)_hydroxide
Chemical compound
Rubidium hydroxide is the inorganic compound with the formula RbOH. It consists of rubidium cations and an equal number of hydroxide anions. It is a colorless
Rubidium_hydroxide
Chemical compound
Tetrabutylammonium hydroxide is a chemical compound with the formula (C4H9)4NOH, abbreviated Bu4NOH with the acronym TBAOH or TBAH. This species is employed
Tetrabutylammonium_hydroxide
Highly corrosive mineral acid
Nitric acid is an inorganic compound with the formula HNO3. It is a highly corrosive mineral acid. The compound is colorless, but samples tend to acquire
Nitric_acid
Device which absorbs carbon dioxide from circulated gas
materials reversibly bind CO2. Most often, these minerals are oxides or hydroxides, and often the CO2 is bound as carbonate. Carbon dioxide reacts with quicklime
Carbon_dioxide_scrubber
Chemical compound
Uranyl hydroxide is a hydroxide of uranium with the chemical formula UO2(OH)2 in the monomeric form and [(UO2)2(OH)4]2- in the dimeric; both forms may
Uranyl_hydroxide
Chemical compound
Cobalt(II) hydroxide or cobaltous hydroxide is the inorganic compound with the formula Co(OH) 2, consisting of divalent cobalt cations Co2+ and hydroxide anions
Cobalt(II)_hydroxide
Chemicals used to unblock drains
Alkaline drain openers primarily contain sodium hydroxide (lye) and some may contain potassium hydroxide. They may appear in liquid or solid form. Solid
Chemical_drain_cleaners
Chemical reagent used to distinguish between aldehydes and ketones
reagent consists of a solution of silver nitrate, ammonium hydroxide and some sodium hydroxide (to maintain a basic pH of the reagent solution). It was
Tollens'_reagent
Chemical compound
Zirconium (IV) hydroxide, often called hydrous zirconia is an ill-defined material or family of materials variously described as ZrO2·nH2O and Zr(OH)4·nH2O
Zirconium(IV)_hydroxide
Chemical compound
Manganese(II) hydroxide is the inorganic compound with the formula Mn(OH)2. It is a white solid although samples darken quickly upon exposure to air owing
Manganese(II)_hydroxide
Chemical compound
chloride hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ca(OH)Cl. It consists of calcium cations (Ca2+) and chloride (Cl−) and hydroxide (−OH)
Calcium_hydroxychloride
Chemical compound
Gold(III) hydroxide, gold trihydroxide, or gold hydroxide is an inorganic compound, a hydroxide of gold, with formula Au(OH)3. It is also called auric
Gold(III)_hydroxide
Hypothetical compound with formula C(OH)4
hydroxide Lead(IV) hydroxide Titanic acid Zirconium(IV) hydroxide Beryllic acid Boric acid Aluminic acid Gallium(III) hydroxide Indium(III) hydroxide
Orthocarbonic_acid
Chemical compound
Mercury(II) hydroxide or mercuric hydroxide is the metal hydroxide with the chemical formula Hg(OH)2. The compound has not been isolated in pure form,
Mercury(II)_hydroxide
Chemical compound
Nickel oxide hydroxide is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula NiO(OH). It is a black solid that is insoluble in all solvents but attacked
Nickel_oxide_hydroxide
Weak acid with formula H3BO3
Boric acid, more specifically orthoboric acid, is a compound of boron, oxygen, and hydrogen with formula B(OH)3. It may also be called hydrogen orthoborate
Boric_acid
Chemical mixture for absorbing carbon dioxide
Soda lime is a mixture of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and calcium oxide (CaO). It is used in granular form within recirculating breathing environments like
Soda_lime
Chemical compound
Europium(III) hydroxide is an inorganic compound with a chemical formula Eu(OH)3. Europium(III) hydroxide can be prepared by reacting metallic europium
Europium(III)_hydroxide
Chemical compound
Indium(III) hydroxide is the chemical compound with the formula In(OH)3. Its prime use is as a precursor to indium(III) oxide, In2O3. It is sometimes
Indium(III)_hydroxide
Silicate mineral
composition (Mg,Fe2+ ) 2(Mg,Fe2+ ) 5Si 8O 22(OH) 2, magnesium iron silicate hydroxide. Monoclinic cummingtonite is compositionally similar and polymorphic with
Cummingtonite
Chemical compound
Thorium(IV) hydroxide is an inorganic compound with a chemical formula Th(OH)4. Thorium(IV) hydroxide can be produced by reacting alkali metal hydroxides like
Thorium(IV)_hydroxide
Chemical compound
Cerium(III) hydroxide is a hydroxide of the rare-earth metal cerium. It is a pale white powder with the chemical formula Ce(OH)3. Cerium(III) hydroxide is prepared
Cerium(III)_hydroxide
Chemical compound
Neodymium(III) hydroxide is an insoluble inorganic compound with the chemical formula Nd(OH)3. Neodymium(III) nitrate and ammonia water will react to
Neodymium(III)_hydroxide
Calcium oxides and/or hydroxides
Lime is an inorganic material composed primarily of calcium oxides and hydroxides. It is also the name for calcium oxide which is used as an industrial
Lime_(material)
Class of ionic solids characterized by a layered structure
Layered double hydroxides (LDH) are a class of ionic solids characterized by a layered structure with the generic layer sequence [AcB Z AcB]n, where c
Layered_double_hydroxides
Chemical compound
aluminium oxides, oxide hydroxides, and hydroxides can be summarized as follows: aluminium oxides corundum (Al2O3) aluminium oxide hydroxides diaspore (α-AlO(OH))
Aluminium_hydroxide_oxide
Chemical compound
Yttrium(III) hydroxide is an inorganic compound and an alkali with the chemical formula Y(OH)3. Yttrium(III) hydroxide can be produced by reacting yttrium(III)
Yttrium_hydroxide
Chemical compound family ( C4H9OH)
Butanol (also called butyl alcohol) is a four-carbon alcohol with a formula of C4H9OH, which occurs in five isomeric structures (four structural isomers)
Butanol
Chemical compound
Actinium(III) hydroxide is a white radioactive solid with the chemical formula of Ac(OH)3. Actinium(III) hydroxide may be formed from soluble actinium
Actinium(III)_hydroxide
Brand of antacid
is a flavored liquid containing a suspension of aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide, which act to neutralize or reduce stomach acid, for the purpose
Maalox
Chemical element with atomic number 13 (Al)
pH even further leads to the hydroxide dissolving again as aluminate, [Al(H2O)2(OH)4]−, is formed. Aluminium hydroxide forms both salts and aluminates
Aluminium
Chemical data page
This page provides supplementary chemical data on calcium hydroxide. The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly
Calcium_hydroxide_(data_page)
Chemical compound
Copper(I) hydroxide is the inorganic compound with the chemical formula of CuOH. Little evidence exists for its existence. A similar situation applies
Copper(I)_hydroxide
Measure of the level of acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution
of the concentration of hydroxide ions, OH−. By definition, pOH is the negative logarithm (to the base 10) of the hydroxide ion concentration (mol/L)
PH
Organic compound
ethanol to dissolve many ionic compounds, notably sodium and potassium hydroxides, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, ammonium chloride, ammonium bromide
Ethanol
American multinational technology company
calcium oxide from heated crushed limestone with water to form carbon hydroxide to absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to mineralize back into limestone
Microsoft
Chemical compound
Thallium(III) hydroxide, Tl(OH)3, also known as thallic hydroxide, is a hydroxide of thallium. It is a reddish-brown solid. Thallium(III) hydroxide is a very
Thallium(III)_hydroxide
Chemical product that removes paint, finishes, and coatings
caustic and solvent. Caustic paint removers, typically aqueous sodium hydroxide (also known as lye or caustic soda), work by breaking down the chemical
Paint_stripper
Waste industrial caustic solution
sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, water, and contaminants. The contaminants have consumed the majority of the sodium (or potassium) hydroxide and
Spent_caustic
Chemical element with atomic number 11 (Na)
Davy in 1807 by the electrolysis of sodium hydroxide. Among many other useful sodium compounds, sodium hydroxide (lye) is used in soap manufacture, and sodium
Sodium
Chemical compound
Gallium hydroxide is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula Ga(OH)3. It is formed as a gel following the addition of ammonia to Ga3+ salts. It
Gallium(III)_hydroxide
Technique in chemistry and manufacturing
and potassium chloride with electrolysis to produce lithium and lithium hydroxide. During the later years of Davy's research, Faraday became his assistant
Electrolysis
HYDROXIDE
HYDROXIDE
HYDROXIDE
HYDROXIDE
Boy/Male
Tamil
The Lord krishnas name
Male
English
Pledge
Girl/Female
Hindu
Girl/Female
Tamil
Heaven, Peace
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Related to Alive Person
Girl/Female
Tamil
Divine, Lord krishnas mother
Girl/Female
American, Australian, British, English, Latin
Like God; Female Version of Michael; Gift from God
Girl/Female
Yiddish
Bitter.
Boy/Male
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Proof
Boy/Male
Assamese, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Calm
HYDROXIDE
HYDROXIDE
HYDROXIDE
HYDROXIDE
HYDROXIDE
n.
The hydroxide of potassium hydrate, a hard white brittle substance, KOH, having strong caustic and alkaline properties; -- hence called also caustic potash.
a.
Containing, or consisting of, three different parts, as elements, atoms, groups, or radicals, which are regarded as having different functions or relations in the molecule; thus, sodic hydroxide, NaOH, is a ternary compound.
n.
A poisonous organic base (a ptomaine) formed in the decomposition of protagon with boiling baryta water, and in the putrefraction of proteid matter. It was for a long time considered identical with choline, a crystalline body originally obtained from bile. Chemically, however, choline is oxyethyl-trimethyl-ammonium hydroxide, while neurine is vinyl-trimethyl-ammonium hydroxide.
n.
The radical KO, derived from, and supposed to exist in, potassium hydroxide and other compounds.
n.
A compound or salt of chromous hydroxide regarded as an acid.
n.
Potassium hydroxide, commonly called caustic potash.
n.
A substance which does not contain water as such, but has its constituents (hydrogen, oxygen, hydroxyl) so arranged that water may be eliminated; hence, a derivative of, or compound with, hydroxyl; hydroxide; as, ethyl hydrate, or common alcohol; calcium hydrate, or slaked lime.
n.
The reddish yellow coating formed on iron when exposed to moist air, consisting of ferric oxide or hydroxide; hence, by extension, any metallic film of corrosion.
v. t.
To treat or test, as a liquid, with a solution of mercuric iodide in potassium iodide and potassium hydroxide, which is called Nessler's solution or Nessler's test, and is used to detect the presence of ammonia.
a.
Pertaining to, derived from, or designating, an acid formerly obtained by fusing salicin with potassium hydroxide, and now made in large quantities from phenol (carbolic acid) by the action of carbon dioxide on heated sodium phenolate. It is a white crystalline substance. It is used as an antiseptic, and in its salts in the treatment of rheumatism. Called also hydroxybenzoic acid.
n.
A complex, hypothetical radical, composed of two parts of carbon to three of hydrogen and one of oxygen. Its hydroxide is acetic acid.
n.
Sodium oxide or hydroxide.
n.
A hydrate; a substance containing hydrogen and oxygen, made by combining water with an oxide, and yielding water by elimination. The hydroxides are regarded as compounds of hydroxyl, united usually with basic element or radical; as, calcium hydroxide ethyl hydroxide.
n.
The positive, or non-acid component of a salt; a substance which, combined with an acid, neutralizes the latter and forms a salt; -- applied also to the hydroxides of the positive elements or radicals, and to certain organic bodies resembling them in their property of forming salts with acids.
n.
A class of compounds analogous to vinic alcohol in constitution. Chemically speaking, they are hydroxides of certain organic radicals; as, the radical ethyl forms common or ethyl alcohol (C2H5.OH); methyl forms methyl alcohol (CH3.OH) or wood spirit; amyl forms amyl alcohol (C5H11.OH) or fusel oil, etc.
n.
An elementary substance, as sodium, calcium, or copper, whose oxide or hydroxide has basic rather than acid properties, as contrasted with the nonmetals, or metalloids. No sharp line can be drawn between the metals and nonmetals, and certain elements partake of both acid and basic qualities, as chromium, manganese, bismuth, etc.