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Quantities describing probability of absorption or emission of light
the Einstein coefficients are quantities describing the probability of absorption or emission of a photon by an atom or molecule. The Einstein A coefficients
Einstein_coefficients
Spectral density of light emitted by a black body
above, can be expressed in terms of the Einstein coefficients. The relationships between the Einstein coefficients will yield the expression of Kirchhoff's
Planck's_law
Release of a photon triggered by another
introduced spontaneous and stimulated emission, as well as the Einstein coefficients. Einstein's theory of radiation was ahead of its time and prefigures the
Stimulated_emission
Observatory
The Einstein Tower (German: Einsteinturm) is an astrophysical observatory in the Albert Einstein Science Park in Potsdam, Germany. The Tower was built
Einstein_Tower
Einstein notation Einstein coefficients Einstein's cosmological constant Einstein relation (kinetic theory) Planck–Einstein relation Einstein–Brillouin–Keller
List of things named after Albert Einstein
List_of_things_named_after_Albert_Einstein
Feature seen when light is gravitationally lensed by an object
An Einstein ring, also known as an Einstein–Chwolson ring or Chwolson ring (named for Orest Chwolson), is created when light from a galaxy or star passes
Einstein_ring
German-born theoretical physicist (1879–1955)
Albert Einstein (14 March 1879 – 18 April 1955) was a German-born theoretical physicist best known for developing the theory of relativity. Einstein also
Albert_Einstein
Shorthand notation for tensor operations
physics and differential geometry, Einstein notation (also known as the Einstein summation convention or Einstein summation notation) is a notational
Einstein_notation
Research institute in Germany
Albert Einstein Science Park is located on the Telegrafenberg hill in Potsdam, Germany. The park was named after the physicist Albert Einstein. The best
Albert_Einstein_Science_Park
Theoretical physicist (1879–1955)
outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Albert Einstein: Albert Einstein – German-born theoretical physicist. He developed the theory of
Outline_of_Albert_Einstein
United States historic place
The Albert Einstein House at 112 Mercer Street in Princeton, Mercer County, New Jersey, United States, was the home of Albert Einstein from 1935 until
Albert_Einstein_House
In 1918, Einstein developed a general theory of the process by which atoms emit and absorb electromagnetic radiation (the Einstein coefficients), which
List of scientific publications by Albert Einstein
List_of_scientific_publications_by_Albert_Einstein
Description of the behaviour of bosons
In quantum statistics, Bose–Einstein statistics (B–E statistics) describes one of two possible ways in which a collection of non-interacting identical
Bose–Einstein_statistics
Equation in Brownian motion
Einstein relation is a previously unexpected[clarification needed] connection revealed independently by William Sutherland in 1904, Albert Einstein in
Einstein relation (kinetic theory)
Einstein_relation_(kinetic_theory)
Quantum mechanical state change
the phenomenon of stimulated emission and introduced the Einstein Coefficients. Einstein's quantum theory of radiation anticipated ideas later expressed
Spontaneous_emission
Dimensionless quantity in spectroscopy
spectral line Sum rule in quantum mechanics Electronic band structure Einstein coefficients W. Demtröder (2003). Laser Spectroscopy: Basic Concepts and Instrumentation
Oscillator_strength
Force resisting sliding motion
Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 11 (11th ed.). 1911. Coefficients of Friction – tables of coefficients, plus many links Physclips: Mechanics with animations
Friction
Elementary particle or quantum of light
the Einstein coefficients. Einstein could not fully justify his rate equations, but claimed that it should be possible to calculate the coefficients A i
Photon
Formula for radiative heat transfer
the absorption and emission of radiation are controlled by the Einstein coefficients for absorption, emission and stimulated emission of a photon (B12
Schwarzschild's equation for radiative transfer
Schwarzschild's_equation_for_radiative_transfer
Law of physics
increases. Albert Einstein used this property in his 1917 quantum theory of radiation to establish a relationship between the coefficients that give the rates
Wien_approximation
l_{2}}A_{u_{2}\rightarrow l_{2}}}}} The transition frequencies and the Einstein coefficients of transitions are well known and listed in various tables as in
Spectral_line_ratios
Measure of linear correlation
without changing the correlation coefficient. (This holds for both the population and sample Pearson correlation coefficients.) More general linear transformations
Pearson correlation coefficient
Pearson_correlation_coefficient
Device that emits light via optical amplification
Planck's law of radiation, conceptually based upon probability coefficients (Einstein coefficients) for the absorption, spontaneous emission, and stimulated
Laser
Emission of light by a substance that has absorbed light
"Franck–Condon Factors, r-Centroids, Electronic Transition Moments, and Einstein Coefficients for Many Nitrogen and Oxygen Band Systems". Journal of Physical
Fluorescence
Principle in kinetic systems
Metropolis–Hastings algorithm Atomic spectral line (deduction of the Einstein coefficients) Random walks on graphs Boltzmann, L. (1964), Lectures on gas theory
Detailed_balance
Theory of gravitation as curved spacetime
symbols (sometimes called the affine connection coefficients or Levi-Civita connection coefficients) which is symmetric in the two lower indices. Greek
General_relativity
Play written by Ed Metzger
Albert Einstein: The Practical Bohemian is a stage play that is the only show officially endorsed by the Einstein family. A quote from Albert Einstein's first
Albert Einstein: The Practical Bohemian
Albert_Einstein:_The_Practical_Bohemian
Obsolete postulated medium for the propagation of light
aether. This was further elaborated by Einstein in some semi-popular articles (1918, 1920, 1924, 1930). In 1918, Einstein publicly alluded to that new definition
Luminiferous_aether
Value representing energy density of space
letter lambda: Λ), alternatively called Einstein's cosmological constant, is a coefficient that Albert Einstein initially added to his field equations
Cosmological_constant
Type of uncertainty of meaning where several interpretations are possible
their value (and sometimes even dimension, as in the case of the Einstein coefficients) depends on the system of notations. Many terms are ambiguous. Each
Ambiguity
Spectroscopic techniques that measure the absorption of radiation
absorption spectrum can be calculated from the emission spectrum using Einstein coefficients. The scattering and reflection spectra of a material are influenced
Absorption_spectroscopy
Topics referred to by the same term
theory), diffusion coefficient Speed of light in vacuum This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Einstein's constant. If an internal
Einstein's_constant
Array of numbers describing a metric connection
otherwise noted. Einstein summation convention is used in this article, with vectors indicated by bold font. The connection coefficients of the Levi-Civita
Christoffel_symbols
Molecule composed of any two atoms
"Franck-Condon Factors, r-Centroids, Electronic Transition Moments, and Einstein Coefficients for Many Nitrogen and Oxygen Band Systems". Journal of Physical
Diatomic_molecule
Theory of interwoven space and time by Albert Einstein
scientific theory of the relationship between space and time. In Albert Einstein's 1905 paper, "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies", the theory is presented
Special_relativity
Einstein's committee of atomic scientists
Emergency Committee of Atomic Scientists (ECAS) was founded by Albert Einstein and Leó Szilárd in May, 1946, primarily as a fundraising and policy-making
Emergency Committee of Atomic Scientists
Emergency_Committee_of_Atomic_Scientists
2003 play by Vern Thiessen
Einstein's Gift is a 2003 play written by Canadian playwright Vern Thiessen and published in 2003 by Playwrights Canada Press. Through the recollections
Einstein's_Gift
Concept in Quantum mechanics
phases are of real physical importance, and that in consequence the Einstein coefficients are inadequate to describe the phenomena except in special cases
Ensemble_interpretation
Barrier permeable to heat but not matter
one-way radiation. These things are important for the study of the Einstein coefficients, which relies partly on the notion of thermodynamic equilibrium
Diathermal_wall
Proportionality constant in some physical laws
approximate dependence of the diffusion coefficient on temperature in liquids can often be found using Stokes–Einstein equation, which predicts that D T 1
Mass_diffusivity
Frequencies of light emitted by atoms or chemical compounds
monochromatic emission coefficient relating to its temperature and total power radiation. This is sometimes called the second Einstein coefficient, and can be deduced
Emission_spectrum
Continuous probability distribution
Kamel; Tribeche, Mouloud (2014-06-24). "Planck radiation law and Einstein coefficients reexamined in Kaniadakis κ statistics". Physical Review E. 89 (6)
Kaniadakis_distribution
Nontraditional laser theory of Fabry-Perot semiconductor lasers
derivations have been made: Einstein’s spectral coefficient in a semiconductor laser and, accordingly, Einstein’s coefficient; formula for the saturation
Nonlinear theory of semiconductor lasers
Nonlinear_theory_of_semiconductor_lasers
Random motion of particles suspended in a fluid
expression to Einstein's formula for the diffusion coefficient was also found by Walther Nernst in 1888 in which he expressed the diffusion coefficient as the
Brownian_motion
Notation in general relativity
equations connecting spin coefficients, Weyl-NP and Ricci-NP scalars (recall that in an orthogonal tetrad, Ricci rotation coefficients would respect Cartan's
Newman–Penrose_formalism
Quantum effect of uncertainty
approximation, and semi-classical model of a two level atom). The Einstein coefficients and the laser rate equations are adequate if one is interested in
Quantum_noise
Indian theoretical physicist (1894–1974)
early 1920s, in developing the foundation for Bose–Einstein statistics, and the theory of the Bose–Einstein condensate. A Fellow of the Royal Society, he was
Satyendra_Nath_Bose
Transport of dissolved species from the highest to the lowest concentration region
multicomponent diffusion must be non-linear. The Einstein relation (kinetic theory) connects the diffusion coefficient and the mobility (the ratio of the particle's
Diffusion
Process in quantum computing
control, it remains coupled to its environment through nonzero Einstein coefficients. When the environment is cooled to its vacuum state, this coupling
Quantum_error_correction
Coordinate system whose directions vary in space
all points where the derivatives are well-defined, we define the Lamé coefficients (after Gabriel Lamé) by h 1 = | h 1 | ; h 2 = | h 2 | ; h 3 = | h 3 |
Curvilinear_coordinates
Special mathematical function
Fermi–Dirac distribution and the Bose–Einstein distribution, and is also known as the Fermi–Dirac integral or the Bose–Einstein integral. In quantum electrodynamics
Polylogarithm
transport coefficient γ {\displaystyle \gamma } measures how rapidly a perturbed system returns to equilibrium. The transport coefficients occur in transport
Transport_coefficient
Equation relating transport coefficients to correlation functions
transport coefficients which is valid for systems of arbitrary temperature T, and density. They proved that linear transport coefficients are exactly
Green–Kubo_relations
Notebook of Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein's notebooks, from his time in Zürich. It contains much of Einstein's foundational work on general relativity. John D. Norton. "Einstein's Zurich
Zurich_Notebook
Mathematical approximation of a function
}}\right)x^{4}+\cdots \end{aligned}}} Comparing the coefficients of g(x) cos x with the coefficients of ex, c 0 = 1 , c 1 = 1 , c 2 − 1 2 c 0 =
Taylor_series
Coefficients of an algebra over a field
mathematics, the structure constants or structure coefficients of an algebra over a field are the coefficients of the basis expansion (into linear combination
Structure_constants
Mathematical theory of the geometry of space and time
appearance of the metric coefficients alone does not determine whether a space is intrinsically curved. Complicated coefficients may arise merely from the
Curved_spacetime
Ad hoc element introduced into a calculation
misleadingly good match to experimental data. In theoretical physics, when Albert Einstein originally tried to produce a general theory of relativity, he found that
Fudge_factor
just spontaneous emission, and its rate is determined with the Einstein Coefficients. For the most of laser systems, the effects of decoherence determine
Optical_decay
Series expansion of the equation of state for a many-particle system
Kamerlingh Onnes. The terms A, B, and C represent the virial coefficients. The leading coefficient A is defined as the constant value of 1, which ensures that
Virial_expansion
Experiment measuring the speed of light in moving water
measurement was developed with the advent of Albert Einstein's theory of special relativity. Einstein later pointed out the importance of the experiment
Fizeau_experiment
Physical constant for the strength of gravity induced by a mass
effects in Isaac Newton's law of universal gravitation and in Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity. It is also known as the universal gravitational
Gravitational_constant
Mathematical model combining space and time
further development of general relativity, Einstein fully incorporated the spacetime formalism. When Einstein published in 1905, another of his competitors
Spacetime
Tensor that describes the 4D geometry of spacetime
constant G {\displaystyle G} will be kept explicit. This article employs the Einstein summation convention, where repeated indices are automatically summed over
Metric tensor (general relativity)
Metric_tensor_(general_relativity)
Reformulation of general relativity
In general relativity, the Hamilton–Jacobi–Einstein equation (HJEE) or Einstein–Hamilton–Jacobi equation (EHJE) is an equation in the Hamiltonian formulation
Hamilton–Jacobi–Einstein equation
Hamilton–Jacobi–Einstein_equation
Description of physical properties at the atomic and subatomic scale
Einstein's long-running exchanges with Bohr about the meaning and status of quantum mechanics are now known as the Bohr–Einstein debates. Einstein believed
Quantum_mechanics
Class of exact solutions to Einstein's field equations
Newton's identities, the traces of the powers of the Einstein tensor are related to these coefficients as follows: G a a = t 1 = a 1 {\displaystyle
Fluid_solution
connection coefficients are not the components of a tensor. Generally speaking, there are D 3 {\displaystyle D^{3}} independent connection coefficients at each
Mathematics of general relativity
Mathematics_of_general_relativity
Probability distribution
Ourabah, Kamel; Tribeche, Mouloud (2014). "Planck radiation law and Einstein coefficients reexamined in Kaniadakis κ statistics". Physical Review E. 89 (6)
Kaniadakis exponential distribution
Kaniadakis_exponential_distribution
Principle of quantum mechanics
{\displaystyle \Psi =c_{1}\Psi _{1}+c_{2}\Psi _{2}} for arbitrary complex coefficients c 1 {\displaystyle c_{1}} and c 2 {\displaystyle c_{2}} . If the wave
Quantum_superposition
3-inch brass medal including Einstein's image and a depiction of a two-level transition including the A and B coefficients. Recipients of the prize include:
Einstein Prize for Laser Science
Einstein_Prize_for_Laser_Science
Set of theories
John Stachel argue, Einstein's views on the "new aether" are not in conflict with his abandonment of the aether in 1905. As Einstein himself pointed out
Aether_theories
Combination of the diffusion and convection (advection) equations
variable coefficients in the variable c(x): y ′ ( x ) = f ( x ) y ( x ) + g ( x ) . {\displaystyle y'(x)=f(x)y(x)+g(x).} where the coefficients are: f (
Convection–diffusion_equation
Lowest theoretical temperature
mechanical phenomena such as superconductivity, superfluidity, and Bose–Einstein condensation. The particles still exhibit zero-point energy motion, as
Absolute_zero
Algebraic object with geometric applications
the rightmost expression the summation sign was suppressed: this is the Einstein summation convention, which will be used throughout this article. The components
Tensor
Early attempt to explain constant speed of light
own aether theory, which banished any form of aether dragging. Albert Einstein's special theory of relativity (1905) excludes aether as a mechanical medium
Aether_drag_hypothesis
Mathematical descriptions of molecular diffusion
particles according to the Stokes–Einstein relation. The modeling and prediction of Fick's diffusion coefficients is difficult. They can be estimated
Fick's_laws_of_diffusion
German mathematician (1882–1935)
mathematical physics. Noether was described by Pavel Alexandrov, Albert Einstein, Jean Dieudonné, Hermann Weyl, and Norbert Wiener as the most important
Emmy_Noether
Method in physics
vibrations of the atomic lattice (heat) as phonons in a box in contrast to the Einstein solid model, which treats the solid as many individual, non-interacting
Debye_model
British physicist (1902–1984)
change through emission and absorption, and derived the correct Einstein A and B coefficients. Dirac's quantum electrodynamics (QED) included terms with infinite
Paul_Dirac
Multivariate derivative (mathematics)
{\hat {\mathbf {e} }}^{i}} , using the scale factors (also known as Lamé coefficients) h i = ‖ e i ‖ = g i i = 1 / ‖ e i ‖ {\displaystyle h_{i}=\lVert \mathbf
Gradient
Circulation density in a vector field
with one function as coefficient: a 123 d x ∧ d y ∧ d z . {\displaystyle a_{123}\,dx\wedge dy\wedge dz.} (Here the a-coefficients are real functions of
Curl_(mathematics)
Solution of Einstein field equations
Gödel universe, is an exact solution, found in 1949 by Kurt Gödel, of the Einstein field equations in which the stress–energy tensor contains two terms: the
Gödel_metric
Set of vectors used to define coordinates
the coefficients, one loses the correspondence between coefficients and basis elements, and several vectors may have the same set of coefficients. For
Basis_(linear_algebra)
American physicist (1929–2021)
emeritus at the University of Pittsburgh. Newman was awarded the 2011 Einstein Prize from the American Physical Society. Newman was born in the Bronx
Ezra_T._Newman
Exact solution for the Einstein field equations
quasispherical event horizon. The Kerr metric is an exact solution of the Einstein field equations of general relativity; these equations are highly non-linear
Kerr_metric
Electromagnetic effect in physics
Sakaguchi, Isao; Adachi, Yutaka; Haneda, Hajime (2008). "Positive Hall coefficients obtained from contact misplacement on evident n-type ZnO films and crystals"
Hall_effect
Development of linear transformations forming the Lorentz group
other frame the same event has coordinates x′,y′,z′ and t′. Using the coefficients of a symmetric matrix g, the associated bilinear form, and a linear transformations
History of Lorentz transformations
History_of_Lorentz_transformations
Proposed theories of gravity
attempt to describe the phenomenon of gravitation in competition with Einstein's theory of general relativity. There have been many different attempts
Alternatives to general relativity
Alternatives_to_general_relativity
Degree of variation of a trading price series over time
uncover the hidden principles underpinning the world around us, as Albert Einstein did with his theory of relativity", we should remember that "models are
Volatility_(finance)
1887 investigation of the speed of light
which rules out motion against an aether. Of this experiment, Albert Einstein wrote, "If the Michelson–Morley experiment had not brought us into serious
Michelson–Morley_experiment
Solution method for linear differential equations
approximate solutions to linear differential equations with spatially varying coefficients. It is typically used for a semiclassical calculation in quantum mechanics
WKB_approximation
Concept in relativity theory
reflection) and back again to the detector. Albert Einstein chose a synchronization convention (see Einstein synchronization) that made the one-way speed equal
One-way_speed_of_light
Motion of a body subject only to gravity
1885). It is the basis of the equivalence principle, from which basis Einstein's theory of general relativity initially took off. Dynamical time scale
Free_fall
Manifold with Riemannian, complex and symplectic structure
as Hermitian Yang–Mills connections, or special metrics such as Kähler–Einstein metrics. Every smooth complex projective variety is a Kähler manifold.
Kähler_manifold
Formalism in general relativity
producing simplicial approximations of spacetimes that are solutions to the Einstein field equation. The calculus was introduced by the Italian theoretician
Regge_calculus
Attempt to find a consistent theory of quantum gravity
renormalizable according to the old point of view. (In order to render the Einstein–Hilbert action 1 16 π G ∫ d 2 x g R {\displaystyle \textstyle {1 \over
Asymptotic_safety
Resistance of a fluid to shear deformation
Enskog theory for Mie fluids: Prediction of diffusion coefficients, thermal diffusion coefficients, viscosities, and thermal conductivities". The Journal
Viscosity
Relationship describing the kinetics of intermolecular photochemical deactivation
the viscosity of the solution. This formula is derived from the Stokes–Einstein relation and is only useful in this form in the case of two spherical particles
Stern–Volmer_relationship
Parameter of solute diffusion
The Stokes radius or Stokes–Einstein radius of a solute is the radius of a hard sphere that diffuses at the same rate as that solute. Named after George
Stokes_radius
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EINSTEIN COEFFICIENTS
EINSTEIN COEFFICIENTS
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained.Possibly an Americanized spelling of French Imbert or a translation of German and Jewish Bernstein, which means ‘amber’.Muslim (widespread throughout the Muslim world) : from the Arabic personal name ‛Anbar, literally ‘perfume’, ‘ambergris’, figuratively ‘good’, ‘pleasant’, ‘agreeable’.
Boy/Male
Norse
Rock or hard spear.
Boy/Male
Norse
Lucky.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from an Old English personal name composed of the elements wynn ‘joy’ + stÄn ‘stone’.English : habitational name from any of various places called Winston or Winstone, from various Old English personal names + Old English tÅ«n ‘enclosure’, ‘settlement’, or, in the case of Winstone in Gloucestershire, Old English stÄn ‘stone’.Americanized form of Jewish Weinstein.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from any of various places called Burston, in Buckinghamshire, Norfolk, and Staffordshire, which have different origins. The Buckinghamshire place name is from an Old English personal name Briddel + Old English þorn ‘thorn tree’; the place in Norfolk is named with Old English byrst ‘rough ground’, ‘landslip’ + tÅ«n ‘farmstead’; the Staffordshire place name has the same second element, the first being an Old English personal name Burgwine or Burgwulf.English : possibly from an unrecorded Old English personal name, BurgstÄn.Jewish (American) : Americanized spelling of Burstein (see Bernstein).
Boy/Male
Norse
Lucky.
EINSTEIN COEFFICIENTS
EINSTEIN COEFFICIENTS
EINSTEIN COEFFICIENTS
EINSTEIN COEFFICIENTS
EINSTEIN COEFFICIENTS
EINSTEIN COEFFICIENTS
EINSTEIN COEFFICIENTS
n.
In the theory of gravitation, or of other forces acting in space, a function of the rectangular coordinates which determine the position of a point, such that its differential coefficients with respect to the coordinates are equal to the components of the force at the point considered; -- also called potential function, or force function. It is called also Newtonian potential when the force is directed to a fixed center and is inversely as the square of the distance from the center.
n.
A curve whose contact with a given curve, at a given point, is of a higher order (or involves the equality of a greater number of successive differential coefficients of the ordinates of the curves taken at that point) than that of any other curve of the same kind.
n.
A number or letter put before a letter or quantity, known or unknown, to show how many times the latter is to be taken; as, 6x; bx; here 6 and b are coefficients of x.
n.
A function involving the coefficients and the variables of a quantic, and such that when the quantic is lineally transformed the same function of the new variables and coefficients shall be equal to the old function multiplied by a factor. An invariant is a like function involving only the coefficients of the quantic.
n.
An invariable quantity; specifically, a function of the coefficients of one or more forms, which remains unaltered, when these undergo suitable linear transformations.
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