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Measure of drug take up into the body
its bioavailability. When drug permeability is empirically measured in vitro, it is generally called apparent permeability (Papp) as its absolute value
Drug_permeability
Drug delivery to the bladder
currently faces obstacles such as low drug retention time due to washing out with urine and issues with the low permeability of the bladder wall itself. Due
Intravesical_drug_delivery
Topics referred to by the same term
Drug permeability Semipermeable membrane, a membrane which will allow certain molecules or ions to pass through it by diffusion Vascular permeability
Permeability
Protein found in humans
P-glycoprotein 1 (permeability glycoprotein, abbreviated as P-gp or Pgp) also known as multidrug resistance protein 1 (MDR1) or ATP-binding cassette sub-family
P-glycoprotein
Type of membrane
either side, as well as the permeability of the membrane to each solute. Depending on the membrane and the solute, permeability may depend on solute size
Semipermeable_membrane
Pathogen resistance to medications
folic acid. Reduced drug accumulation: by decreasing drug permeability and/or increasing active efflux (pumping out) of the drugs across the cell surface
Drug_resistance
Transparent front layer of the eye
could potentially be improved with the use of mucoadhesive polymers. Drug permeability through the cornea could be facilitated with addition of penetration
Cornea
Path by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body
(2016). "Cell-based in vitro models for dermal permeability studies". Concepts and Models for Drug Permeability Studies. Elsevier. pp. 155–167. doi:10
Route_of_administration
Single-cell layer lining the intestines
PMID 22527717. Sarmento, Bruno (30 September 2015). Concepts and Models for Drug Permeability Studies: Cell and Tissue based In Vitro Culture Models. Woodhead.
Intestinal_epithelium
Solution in which the solvent is water
dictionary. Acid–base reaction Acidity function Dissociation (chemistry) Drug permeability Inorganic nonaqueous solvent List of ions in pure water (aqueous chemistry)
Aqueous_solution
Attribute of blood vessels
Vascular permeability, often in the form of capillary permeability or microvascular permeability, characterizes the permeability of a blood vessel wall–in
Vascular_permeability
Administration of a drug through the eyes
have varying degrees of oxygen permeability. For example, it has been shown that SCLs have limited oxygen permeability while silicon-based contact lenses
Ophthalmic drug administration
Ophthalmic_drug_administration
chemistry, parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA) is a method which determines the permeability of substances from a donor compartment
Parallel artificial membrane permeability assay
Parallel_artificial_membrane_permeability_assay
System to differentiate drugs on the basis of their solubility and permeability
intestinal permeability. The solubility classification is based on a United States Pharmacopoeia (USP) aperture. The intestinal permeability classification
Biopharmaceutics Classification System
Biopharmaceutics_Classification_System
Route of drug administration
affects the permeability of topical drugs. Another part of the skin is called the appendages, and it is known as the "shortcut" for topical drug delivery
Topical_drug_delivery
Medical term
intestinal lumen. Selective permeability is mediated via two major routes: Transepithelial or transcellular permeability. This consists of specific transport
Intestinal_permeability
Substance having effect(s) on the body of an individual
Classification System. This classifies drugs according to their solubility and permeability or absorption properties. Psychoactive drugs are substances that affect
Drug
U.S.-led campaign against illegal drug use and trade
allowed Venezuela to become a more permeable corridor for drug trafficking, with a significant increase in the volume of drugs transiting through its territory
War_on_drugs
Immortalized cell line of human cancer cells
Karlsson J (March 1991). "Correlation between oral drug absorption in humans and apparent drug permeability coefficients in human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2)
Caco-2
Group of similar medications
intestinal permeability. For the Canadian legal classification, see Controlled Drugs and Substances Act For the UK legal classification, see Drugs controlled
Drug_class
Protein complexes that move compounds, generally toxic, out of bacterial cells
Juliano RL, Ling V (November 1976). "A surface glycoprotein modulating drug permeability in Chinese hamster ovary cell mutants". Biochimica et Biophysica Acta
Efflux_pump
Rule of thumb to predict if a chemical compound is likely to be an orally active drug
approaches to estimate solubility and permeability in drug discovery and development settings". Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews. 46 (1–3): 3–26. doi:10
Lipinski's_rule_of_five
Psychoactive drug, often called ecstasy
the neuroimmune system that, through several mechanisms, increases the permeability of the blood–brain barrier, thereby making the brain more susceptible
MDMA
Ratio of concentrations in a mixture at equilibrium
coefficients are useful in estimating the distribution of drugs within the body. Hydrophobic drugs with high octanol-water partition coefficients are mainly
Partition_coefficient
Chemical compound used as medication
membrane permeability, allowing protons and other ions and solutes of a size up to ~1.5 kDa to go through the inner membrane. This change of permeability is
Ciclosporin
Chemical compound
synthetic molecule with the ability to reduce capillary permeability in the body. In Switzerland the drug is sold by the pharmaceutical company OM Pharma under
Calcium_dobesilate
Accumulation of excess fluid in tissue
of the vessel wall open up then permeability to water is increased first, but as the gaps increase in size permeability to protein also increases with
Edema
Chemical compound used in pharmaceuticals
permeable biological membranes. These compounds are used in some pharmaceutical formulations to enhance the penetration of APIs in transdermal drug delivery
Penetration_enhancer
Drug delivery through the skin
for the enhancement of the permeability of the skin along with other modalities, such as iontophoresis, to deliver drugs with lesser side effects. Currently
Sonophoresis
Central nervous system stimulant
stimulant that is primarily used as a recreational or performance-enhancing drug and less commonly as a second-line treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity
Methamphetamine
Medical technique
brain and the diffusion of drug from the catheter tip is limited. Radiation therapy is known to increase BBB permeability, but the temporal characteristics
Focused ultrasound for intracranial drug delivery
Focused_ultrasound_for_intracranial_drug_delivery
Substances which increase efficacy of drugs
pumps. Increase of drug permeability of pathogens. Inhibition of defense mechanisms of pathogens or tumor tissue (such as efflux of drugs) Increasing binding
Bioenhancer
American neuroscientist and academic
function, which have been used to study neurovascular interactions, drug permeability, and drug transport. Additionally, he has studied how music and sound patterns
Damir_Janigro
Penetration of a liquid, gas, or vapor through a solid
considered carefully in many polymer applications, due to their high permeability. Permeability depends on the temperature of the interaction as well as the characteristics
Permeation
as inhibition of drug efflux transport systems, hypersensitization of multidrug resistant cancer cells, increased drug permeability across brain microvessel
Alexander_Kabanov_(chemist)
Passing of drugs through the blood brain-barrier
Plot, and the surface area of the drug to water and air. They began by looking at compounds whose blood–brain permeability was known and labeled them either
Drug_delivery_to_the_brain
peroxidation and adjustments to the cell membrane can change cell drug permeability. Both sonochemical and sonomechanical methodologies are used to generate
Sonodynamic_therapy
NSAID analgesic medication
Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) drug substances are classified to four classes upon their solubility and permeability. Aceclofenac falls under the BCS
Aceclofenac
Naturally occurring psychedelic compound
as 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenethylamine, is a naturally occurring psychedelic drug and alkaloid of the phenethylamine and scaline families found in certain
Mescaline
Pharmaceutical compound
is used in drug formulations particularly for macromolecules and poorly permeable compounds. SNAC has been used in formulations of drugs that have undergone
Salcaprozate_sodium
Harmful, unintended response to medications
An adverse drug reaction (ADR) is an unintended medical event, which can potentially be associated with taking a medication. It can be disadvantageous
Adverse_drug_reaction
Semipermeable capillary interface between blood and the brain
et al. (November 2016). "Hyperfibrinolysis increases blood-brain barrier permeability by a plasmin- and bradykinin-dependent mechanism". Blood. 128 (20): 2423–2434
Blood–brain_barrier
Medication to treat high blood pressure and alopecia
also be used off-label to promote beard growth and treat nail problems. The drug promotes hair growth, but its effects are fully reversible and it does not
Minoxidil
Central nervous system stimulant
cellular protein function, and transiently increasing blood–brain barrier permeability. An amphetamine overdose can result in a stimulant psychosis that may
Amphetamine
Advanced controlled release oral drug delivery system
is an advanced controlled release oral drug delivery system in the form of a rigid tablet with a semi-permeable outer membrane and one or more small laser
Osmotic-controlled release oral delivery system
Osmotic-controlled_release_oral_delivery_system
Statistic in pharmacokinetics
Nicolazzo JA, Charman SA, Charman WN (March 2006). "Methods to assess drug permeability across the blood-brain barrier". J Pharm Pharmacol. 58 (3): 281–293
Brain-to-blood_ratio
Organic molecule weighing under 1000 daltons
transport through intestinal epithelial cells. In addition to intestinal permeability, the molecule must also possess a reasonably rapid rate of dissolution
Small_molecule
ligand, but not zolpidem, in rat hepatocytes: role of mitochondrial permeability transition and metabolic activation" (PDF). J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 299
List_of_withdrawn_drugs
Adhesive patch used to deliver medication through the skin
backing. The drug release from this depends on membrane permeability and diffusion of drug molecules. Unlike the single-layer and multi-layer drug-in-adhesive
Transdermal_patch
Phenomenon of drug metabolism
Metabolism of 25 CYP3A Substrates from In Vitro Clearance and Permeability Data". Drug Metabolism and Disposition. 38 (7): 1147–1158. doi:10.1124/dmd
First_pass_effect
Inert medium used in drug-delivery systems
of many drugs with poor water solubility and/or membrane permeability. A wide variety of drug carrier systems have been developed and studied, each of
Drug_carrier
Protein pore formed in mitochondria under pathological conditions
The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP or MPTP; also referred to as PTP, mTP, or MTP) is a protein pore complex that forms in the inner mitochondrial
Mitochondrial permeability transition pore
Mitochondrial_permeability_transition_pore
Medication for treating fungal infections
fungal cell permeability. However, the leakage of cellular constituents resulting from the decreased cell permeability is only apparent at high drug concentrations
Topical_antifungal
Pharmaceutical discovery procedure
physicochemical properties associated with drug absorption include ionization (pKa), and solubility; permeability can be determined by PAMPA and Caco-2. PAMPA
Drug_discovery
Dissociative anesthetic and anti-depressant
in damage of the epithelial cells of the bladder lining and increased permeability of the urothelial barrier which results in clinical symptoms. Management
Ketamine
Drug that blocks histamine or histamine agonists
function as antagonists. Histamine makes blood vessels more permeable (vascular permeability), causing fluid to escape from capillaries into tissues, which
Antihistamine
Barbiturate general anesthetic
by pulmonary hypertension but was due to increased pulmonary vascular permeability. Sodium thiopental was discovered in the early 1930s by Ernest H. Volwiler
Sodium_thiopental
nanomaterial being used as a transport module for another substance, such as a drug. Commonly used nanocarriers include micelles, polymers, carbon-based materials
Nanocarrier
Stage of drug discovery
Hit to lead (H2L) also known as lead generation is a stage in early drug discovery where small molecule hits from a high throughput screen (HTS) are evaluated
Hit_to_lead
Pharmaceutical fungicide or fungistatic used to treat and prevent mycosis
serious systemic infections such as cryptococcal meningitis, and others. Such drugs are usually obtained by a doctor's prescription, but a few are available
Antifungal
Parameter used in drug design
behavior in a range of biological processes relevant to a drug discovery, such as solubility, permeability through biological membranes, hepatic clearance, lack
Lipophilic_efficiency
Phenethylamine derivative
suggested that phenacylamine may have diminished blood–brain barrier permeability and limited central activity due to its decreased lipophilicity relative
2-Aminoacetophenone
Mechanism that delivers a drug with a delay after its administration
is a mechanism that (in contrast to immediate-release dosage) delivers a drug with a delay after its administration (delayed-release dosage) or for a prolonged
Modified-release_dosage
Concept in drug design
computational approaches to estimate solubility and permeability in drug discovery and development settings". Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 46 (1–3): 3–26. doi:10
Druglikeness
Drugs that promote rapid and sustained neuroplasticity
neuroplastogens (nonhallucinogenic plastogens), are a group of small-molecule drugs that produce rapid and sustained effects on neuronal structure and function
Psychoplastogen
Medication applied to body surfaces
surface of the skin. The skin surface integrity can also affect the permeability of drugs such as the density of hair follicles, sweat glands or disintegrated
Topical_medication
Chemical compound
Piracetam is a drug that has efficacy in cognitive disorders, vertigo, cortical myoclonus, dyslexia, and sickle cell anemia; sources differ on its usefulness
Piracetam
Accumulation of molecules in tumor tissue
dynamics, especially for macromolecular drugs. This phenomenon is referred to as the "enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect" of macromolecules
Enhanced permeability and retention effect
Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect
Measure of microorganism drug resistance
Multiple drug resistance (MDR), multidrug resistance or multiresistance is antimicrobial resistance shown by a species of microorganism to at least one
Multiple_drug_resistance
Antispasmodic drug
exhibits high permeability, with absorption occurring primarily via passive diffusion. It is predicted to belong to Biopharmaceutics Drug Disposition Classification
Trihexyphenidyl
Pharmaceutical compound
in vivo. It exhibits central permeability, but has impaired brain penetrance and thus some peripheral selectivity. The drug is a substrate of both P-glycoprotein
N-Desethylfluornitrazene
Medicinal chemist
approaches to estimate solubility and permeability in drug discovery and development settings". Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews. 46 (1–3): 3–26. doi:10
Christopher_A._Lipinski
Disease characterized by rapid swelling
angioedema. This peptide is a potent vasodilator and increases vascular permeability, leading to rapid accumulation of fluid in the interstitium. This is
Angioedema
Measure of the passage of water vapor through a substance
the passage of water vapor through a substance. It is a measure of the permeability for vapor barriers. There are many industries where moisture control
Moisture vapor transmission rate
Moisture_vapor_transmission_rate
Term for several kidney diseases
affects the cells surrounding the glomerulus, podocytes, increases the permeability to proteins, resulting in an increase in excreted proteins. When the
Glomerulonephritis
Organ covering the outside of the human body
number of drugs, such as nicotine, because of the limitations in permeability of the skin. Development of techniques that increase skin permeability has led
Human_skin
Chemical compound
prevent access of these drugs into dopaminergic neurons and hence inhibits their dopamine release and associated effects. Permeability across the blood–brain
Methylenedioxypyrovalerone
Class of medications
platelet-derived growth factor receptors leading to increased vascular permeability, antagonism of renal dopamine receptors with electrolyte and fluid imbalance
Antipsychotic
Medical condition of lack of oxygen in the tissues
and function — characterized by irregular vessel diameters, increased permeability, and poor perfusion — which further perpetuates local hypoxia and genomic
Hypoxia_(medicine)
Targeting technique in pharmacology
developing concept, drug nanocarriers are expected to play a major role in delivering multiple drugs to tumor tissues by overcoming semi-permeable membranes and
Drug_vectorization
Medication used in asthma or COPD
and serve to promote bronchoconstriction, inflammation, microvascular permeability, and mucus secretion in asthma and COPD. Common side effects include
Montelukast
Resistance of microbes to drugs directed against them
preformed folic acid. Reduced drug accumulation: by decreasing drug permeability or increasing active efflux (pumping out) of the drugs across the cell surface
Antimicrobial_resistance
Transdermal drug delivery method
tight phospholipid structure of the stratum corneum, increasing the permeability of the intercellular space. Like terpenes, ethanol has also been shown
Invasomes
Chemical compound
SN-38 is an antineoplastic drug. It is the active metabolite of irinotecan (an analog of camptothecin - a topoisomerase I inhibitor) but has 1000 times
SN-38
Movement of a drug into the bloodstream or lymph
structure may affect the pharmacodynamic properties of a drug. The solubility and permeability of a drug candidate are important physicochemical properties
Absorption_(pharmacology)
Method of delivering medication
targeted drug delivery is to treat cancerous tumors. In doing so, the passive method of targeting tumors takes advantage of the enhanced permeability and retention
Targeted_drug_delivery
Medication used for migraines & cluster headaches
Sumatriptan is a serotonin (5-HT1B/1D) receptor agonist (triptan). The drug acts as a serotonin 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D, and 5-HT1F receptor agonist and its common
Sumatriptan
Medicine delivery method to the eye
medications adjacent to sclera that is permeable to water, this will increase the penetration of the water-soluble drug into the eye. This route is indicated
Subconjunctival_injection
Antiarrhythmic medication
repolarization phase where there is normally decreased calcium permeability and increased potassium permeability. It has numerous other effects, however, including
Amiodarone
Medical instruments
increase the permeability and absorption of drugs. Hollow MNs are designed with a hole at the tip and a hollow capacity that store drugs. Upon MNs insertion
Microneedles
Investigational Parkinson's disease drugs
This is a list of investigational Parkinson's disease drugs, or drugs that are currently under development for clinical use in the treatment of Parkinson's
List of investigational Parkinson's disease drugs
List_of_investigational_Parkinson's_disease_drugs
American scientist
cell membrane resulting in decreased permeability to drugs. This study directly led to the concept of multi-drug resistance being mediated by changes
June_Biedler
Class of enzymes
hyaluronan, thereby increasing tissue permeability. It is, therefore, used in medicine in conjunction with other drugs to speed their dispersion and delivery
Hyaluronidase
Treatment of cancer using drugs that inhibit cell division or kill cells
CTx) is the type of cancer treatment that uses one or more anti-cancer drugs (chemotherapeutic agents or alkylating agents) in a standard regimen. Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy
Class of analgesic drug
Opioids are a class of drugs that derive from, or mimic, natural substances found in the opium poppy plant. Opioids work on opioid receptors in the brain
Opioid
Anti-parasite medication
indicates praziquantel increases the permeability of the membranes of schistosome cells towards calcium ions. The drug thereby induces contraction of the
Praziquantel
Chemical compound found in some species of mushrooms
(4-PO-DMT), is a naturally occurring tryptamine alkaloid and investigational drug found in more than 200 species of mushrooms, with hallucinogenic and serotonergic
Psilocybin
Chemical compound
In silico ADMET predictions projected high jejunal permeability and very high kidney permeability in MDCK cells, which suggests efficient gastrointestinal
5-MeO-MiPT
Biological membrane structure
to measure the permeability of drugs. This parallel artificial membrane permeability assay (PAMPA) technique measures the permeability across specifically
Lipid_bilayer
Chemical compound
fungal cell membranes. Lacking ergosterol, the cell membranes increase in permeability, allowing their contents to leak out. Furthermore, inhibition of squalene
Butenafine
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DRUG PERMEABILITY
DRUG PERMEABILITY
Girl/Female
Latin
Feminine of the Roman family name Drusus.
Boy/Male
Hindu
A star
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Indian
One of the Vedas
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Star; A Pole Star; Attractive Person
Boy/Male
English
Abbreviation of Andrew 'manly.
Girl/Female
Indian, Telugu
Drum
Biblical
a drum; betraying
Male
Polish
Pet form of Polish Andrzej, DRUGI means "man; warrior."
Boy/Male
German
Strong.
Girl/Female
Biblical
A drum, betraying.
Boy/Male
French English
Manly.
Boy/Male
German, Greek
Strong; Masculine
Boy/Male
American, British, English
Manly; Abbreviation of Andrew
Male
English
Short form of English Douglas, DOUG means "black stream."
Boy/Male
Hindu
A name of a bird
Boy/Male
Indian
Deer; Wild Animal
Girl/Female
Scottish
From the Gaelic 'dubhglas' meaning dark water, dark stream, or from the dark river.
Boy/Male
German
Strong.
Boy/Male
American, Australian, Celtic, Christian, Scottish
From the Dark River; Form of Douglas
Boy/Male
Hindu
Difficult to approch
DRUG PERMEABILITY
DRUG PERMEABILITY
DRUG PERMEABILITY
DRUG PERMEABILITY
DRUG PERMEABILITY
DRUG PERMEABILITY
DRUG PERMEABILITY
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