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Protein complexes that move compounds, generally toxic, out of bacterial cells
An efflux pump is an active transporter in cells that moves out unwanted material. Efflux pumps are an important component in bacteria, particularly in
Efflux_pump
Species of Gram-positive bacterium
energy. The main efflux pumps of S. aureus are the MFS (Major Facilitator Superfamily), which includes the MdeA pump as well as the NorA pump and the MATE
Staphylococcus_aureus
A multidrug resistance (MDR) pump, or multidrug efflux pump, is any efflux pump which is able to expel multiple different categories of antimicrobial drugs
Multidrug_resistance_pump
Antimicrobial agent
antagonistic responses have been observed. Triclosan may upregulate or induce efflux pumps in bacteria causing them to become resistant against variety of other
Triclosan
Type of polymer used in medicine
Thiomers are able to reversibly inhibit efflux pumps. Because of this property the mucosal uptake of various efflux pump substrates such as anticancer drugs
Thiomer
Species of bacterium
responsible for efflux of a wide range of substrates, including tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and various carbapenems. Many other efflux pumps have been implicated
Acinetobacter_baumannii
Protein family
Resistance-nodulation-division (RND) family transporters are a category of bacterial efflux pumps, especially identified in Gram-negative bacteria and located in the cytoplasmic
Resistance-nodulation-cell division superfamily
Resistance-nodulation-cell_division_superfamily
Treatment-resistant bacterium
codes for the penicillin-binding protein (PBP-2); mtr, which encodes an efflux pump that removes penicillin from the cell; and penB, which encodes the bacterial
Antibiotic resistance in gonorrhea
Antibiotic_resistance_in_gonorrhea
Protein found in humans
protein of the cell membrane that pumps many foreign substances out of cells. More formally, it is an ATP-dependent efflux pump with broad substrate specificity
P-glycoprotein
Treatment of cancer using drugs that inhibit cell division or kill cells
known as efflux pumps. However, these pumps are not unique characteristics of cancer cells whereas in normal functioning cells, efflux pumps are actually
Chemotherapy
Six virulent antibiotic-resistant pathogens
properly, efflux pumps, and biofilm production. Efflux pumps are a feature of the membrane of Gram-negative bacteria that allows them to constantly pump out
ESKAPE
Bacterium that causes tuberculosis
cause for M. tuberculosis drug resistance are efflux pumps that can be found in many bacteria. Efflux pumps are used by the bacteria for some endogenous
Mycobacterium_tuberculosis
Protein found in humans
2003). "MRP8, ATP-binding cassette C11 (ABCC11), is a cyclic nucleotide efflux pump and a resistance factor for fluoropyrimidines 2',3'-dideoxycytidine and
ABCC11
Species of flower
N-trans-feruloyl 4′-O-methyldopamine. This compound shows moderate activity as an efflux pump inhibitor against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. The flowers
Mirabilis_jalapa
Group of antibiotics
resistance-nodulation-cell division superfamily. Staphylococci express efflux pumps with specificity for 14 and 15 member ring macrolides and streptogramin
Lincosamides
Species of flowering plant
antibacterial activity over berberine in vitro, possibly as a result of efflux pump inhibitory activity. Found in southeastern Canada and the eastern United
Goldenseal
Family of transport proteins
TC# 2.A.107.1.1) has been shown to function as a putative manganese efflux pump. Manganese sensitivity and intracellular manganese levels significantly
Manganese_exporter
Pathogen resistance to medications
accumulation: by decreasing drug permeability and/or increasing active efflux (pumping out) of the drugs across the cell surface. CRISPR-mediated resistance
Drug_resistance
Species of tropical soil-dwelling bacterium
isolates are intrinsically resistant to all aminoglycosides (via an efflux pump mechanism), but sensitive to co-amoxiclav: this pattern of resistance
Burkholderia_pseudomallei
Intersection of microbiology and geology
preventing them from reaching toxic concentrations inside. The diversity of efflux pump systems allows bacteria to adapt to various metal pollutants in their
Geomicrobiology
Species of bacterium
Bondì R, Baldelli V, Messina M, et al. (September 2017). "Effect of efflux pump inhibition on Pseudomonas aeruginosa transcriptome and virulence". Scientific
Pseudomonas_aeruginosa
Transcriptional repressor protein
is responsible for the regulation of the Multidrug Resistance (MDR) efflux pump, SmeDEF, that gives the bacteria resistance to several antibiotics including
SmeT
Topics referred to by the same term
MDR may refer to: MDR1, an ATP-dependent cellular efflux pump affording multiple drug resistance Mammalian diving reflex Medical device reporting Multiple
MDR
Chemical compound
mutations leading to an up-regulation of bacterial efflux pumps, such as the RND type efflux pump AcrAB. Some bacterial species such as Pseudomonas spp
Tigecycline
Inflammation of the brain
not have strong affinity towards binding with P-glycoprotein, or other efflux pumps on the surface of the blood–brain barrier. Some drugs such as isoniazid
Encephalitis
Antibiotic
horizontal transfer of a gene that either encodes an efflux pump or a ribosomal protection protein. Efflux pumps actively eject tetracycline from the cell, preventing
Tetracycline
Species of bacteria
initial treatment failure. Factors linked to resistance include mutations, efflux pumps, and biofilm formation. One of the main antibiotics used in eradication
Helicobacter_pylori
Pharmaceutical drug
by the CYP3A4 enzyme and is a substrate of the P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux pump; hence, inhibitors of either protein may increase sirolimus concentrations
Sirolimus
Protein family
Arsenite resistance (Ars) efflux pumps of bacteria may consist of two proteins, ArsB (TC# 2.A.45.1.1; the integral membrane constituent with twelve transmembrane
ArsB_and_ArsAB_transporters
Pharmaceutical drug class
be partly due to an increase in the expression of the P-glycoprotein efflux pump. By utilizing agents that inhibit P-glycoprotein activity imatinib susceptibility
Bcr-Abl tyrosine-kinase inhibitor
Bcr-Abl_tyrosine-kinase_inhibitor
Class of peptides that have antimicrobial activity
permeabilization followed by biofilm disruption triggered by the inhibition of efflux pump activity and interactions with extracellular and intracellular nucleic
Antimicrobial_peptides
Biological database
transporters are further subclassified by MFS Efflux pumps, SMR Efflux pumps, ABC Efflux pumps, RND Efflux pumps following conventions outlined in this paper
ARDB
Chemical compound
Bates SE (April 2007). "Tariquidar (XR9576): a P-glycoprotein drug efflux pump inhibitor". Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy. 7 (4): 447–459. doi:10
Tariquidar
Cell division inhibitor
so-called "efflux pumps". The pumps remove drugs from tumor cells which lead to low drug concentration in the target, below therapeutic level. Efflux is caused
Mitotic_inhibitor
Bacterium that causes leprosy
Compared to the amount of efflux pumps in M. tuberculosis, Mycobacterium leprae contains about half as many. The efflux pumps contributing to drug resistance
Mycobacterium_leprae
Antiporter membrane protein that removes calcium from cells
Na+ concentration gradient to help pump Ca2+ out of the cell. In fact, the Na+/Ca2+ exchanger is in the Ca2+ efflux position most of the time. However
Sodium-calcium_exchanger
Calcium channel blocker medication
drug efflux pump proteins such as P-glycoprotein and other ABC transporter proteins. This is useful, as many tumor cell lines overexpress drug efflux pumps
Verapamil
Component of blood aiding in coagulation
activator ADP. Resting platelets maintain active calcium efflux via a cyclic AMP-activated calcium pump. Intracellular calcium concentration determines platelet
Platelet
Professor of biochemistry at Purdue University
pharmacological agents, their mechanism as a drug efflux pump is unclear. She looked at the mechanism of the efflux pump and how it functions in normal and cancerous
Christine_A._Hrycyna
Chemical compound
monoaminergic activity enhancer (MAE). Clorgiline is also a multidrug efflux pump inhibitor. Holmes et al., 2012 reverse azole fungicide resistance using
Clorgiline
Antimicrobial substance active against bacteria
PMC 3145328. PMID 21562562. Marquez B (December 2005). "Bacterial efflux systems and efflux pumps inhibitors". Biochimie. 87 (12): 1137–47. doi:10.1016/j.biochi
Antibiotic
Medication investigated as a treatment for progeria
overcoming drug resistance through increased lysosomal activation and efflux pump inhibition. Lonafarnib entered clinical development for cancer in the
Lonafarnib
Genus of plants
(2008). "Novel structural analogues of piperine as inhibitors of the NorA efflux pump of Staphylococcus aureus". Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 61
Piper_(plant)
Chemical compound
multi-drug resistant. Zosuquidar inhibits P-glycoproteins, inhibiting the efflux pump and restoring sensitivity to chemotherapeutic agents. Zosuqidar was initially
Zosuquidar
Protein family
cytoplasmic Cu+ efflux, albeit with quite different transport rates in tune with their various physiological roles. Archetypical Cu+-efflux pumps responsible
P-type_ATPase
Chemical compound
improves the oral bioavailability of edaravone by modulating drug efflux pump of enterocytes". Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. 103 (2): 730–742
Edaravone
Protein family
protein families: periplasmic and outer membrane proteins of bacterial efflux pumps". Journal of Molecular Biology. 287 (3): 695–715. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.73
Outer_membrane_efflux_protein
Australian microbiologist
discovered several classes of multidrug efflux pumps that can make bacteria resistant to several drugs by pumping them out of the cell. Paulsen is currently
Ian_Paulsen
having a structural modification that makes them poor substrates for efflux-pump mediated resistance. Ketolides block protein synthesis by binding to
Ketolide
Clinical condition in adults
Nies, Anne T.; Keppler, Dietrich (2007-01-29). "The apical conjugate efflux pump ABCC2 (MRP2)". Pflügers Archiv: European Journal of Physiology. 453 (5):
Hyperbilirubinemia_in_adults
Family of transport proteins
the biosynthesis of folic acid. MtrF was annotated as a putative drug efflux pump. AbgT is 510 amino acyl residues long and has 12-13 putative transmembrane
P-Aminobenzoyl-glutamate transporter
P-Aminobenzoyl-glutamate_transporter
Bacteria resistant to three or more classes of antimicrobial drugs
with its target. Second, degrading the antibiotic directly. Multidrug efflux pumps: The use of transporter proteins to expel the antibiotic. Modification
Multidrug-resistant_bacteria
Film of microorganisms on a surface
permeabilization followed by biofilm disruption triggered by the inhibition of efflux pump activity and interactions with extracellular and intracellular nucleic
Biofilm
Class of antiobiotics
mechanisms of tetracycline resistance, namely resistance mediated by acquired efflux pumps and/or ribosomal protection. Presently, tigecycline is the only glycylcycline
Glycylcycline
Species of fungus
"Heterozygosity and functional allelic variation in the Candida albicans efflux pump genes CDR1 and CDR2". Molecular Microbiology. 62 (1): 170–186. doi:10
Candida_albicans
Species of bacterium
mediated by phosphotransacetylase and acetate kinase. Alternatively, an efflux pump can also drive acetate out of the microbe. A. aceti strains can tolerate
Acetobacter_aceti
Class of highly effective antibiotic agents
molecules that successfully traverse the porin channels may be removed by efflux pumps. Downregulation of the porin OprD2 is an important contributor to imipenem
Carbapenem
Antibiotic
problematic class of bacteria that uses thicker cell walls and molecular efflux pumps to protect themselves by preventing the antibiotics reaching inside the
Fabimycin
Chemical compound
than mammalian cell lines. Deletion of the gene encoding the multidrug efflux pump Pdr5 sensitizes cells to puromycin.[citation needed] Long-term synaptic
Puromycin
Antibiotic and antiprotozoal medication
or the episome. Other mechanisms may include reduced drug activation, efflux pumps, altered redox potential and biofilm formation. In the recent years it
Metronidazole
Change in the heritable traits of populations
Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Due to Interplay of the MexAB-OprM Efflux Pump and the DNA Gyrase Mutation". Microbiology and Immunology. 46 (6): 391–395
Evolution
Antibiotic medication
Gram-negative bacteria to linezolid is due to the activity of efflux pumps, which actively "pump" linezolid out of the cell faster than it can accumulate.
Linezolid
Gene family
possess any importers. Exporters or effluxers, which are present both in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, function as pumps that extrude toxins and drugs out
ABC_transporter
Chemicals stop working at the same time
provided against multiple compounds through one single mechanism, like an efflux pump. This can keep concentrations of a toxic substance at low levels and
Cross-resistance
Antibiotic-resistant bacteria
proteins OmpF and OmpC, and showed increased expression of a multidrug efflux pump, but did not produce carbapenemase. CR Pseudomonas aeruginosa is commonly
Carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae
Carbapenem-resistant_enterobacteriaceae
Group of antibiotics derived from fungi
2018). "Mutations in Genes Encoding Penicillin-Binding Proteins and Efflux Pumps Play a Role in β-Lactam Resistance in Helicobacter cinaedi". Antimicrobial
Penicillin
Genus of Gram-negative bacteria
porins. Their resistance to most antibiotics is attributed to efflux pumps, which pump out some antibiotics before they are able to act.[citation needed]
Pseudomonas
widely used construct in synthetic gene studies. The TetA protein is an efflux pump. It has served as a model system for such proteins and has accumulated
Tn10
American microbiologist
demonstrated that one such small protein, AcrZ, binds to the multidrug efflux pump protein AcrB to affect its ability to export certain classes of antibiotics
Gisela_Storz
Genus of gram-negative bacteria
antimicrobial resistance is thought to be attributable mainly to multidrug efflux pumps. The ability of K. pneumoniae to colonize the hospital environment, including
Klebsiella
Harmful, unintended response to medications
Additionally, Clarithromycin is a permeability glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux pump inhibitor, which when given with apixaban (a substrate for P-gp) will
Adverse_drug_reaction
Enclosing or separating membrane in organisms acting as selective semi-permeable barrier
components of membranes play a key role in medicine, such as the efflux pumps that pump drugs out of a cell. The hydrophobic core of the phospholipid bilayer
Biological_membrane
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
cholesterol as its substrate, this protein functions as a cholesterol efflux pump in the cellular lipid removal pathway. While the complete 3D-structure
ABCA1
Species of bacteria used as an insecticide
elsewhere – including in other members of the species group – are the efflux pump BC3663, the N-acyl-L-amino-acid amidohydrolase BC3664, and the methyl-accepting
Bacillus_thuringiensis
Class of antibacterial drugs, subgroup of quinolones
infections. Three mechanisms of resistance are known. Some types of efflux pumps can act to decrease intracellular quinolone concentration. In gram-negative
Quinolone_antibiotic
Cancer cells with features of normal cells
(January 2002). "The ABCG2 transporter is an efficient Hoechst 33342 efflux pump and is preferentially expressed by immature human hematopoietic progenitors"
Cancer_stem_cell
Chemical compound
increased expression of p-glycoprotein, which is a transmembrane drug efflux pump. Allele frequency changes corresponding to resistance to moxidectin and/or
Moxidectin
Antibiotic medication
Other mechanisms of resistance against carbapenems are development of efflux pumps that transport the antibiotics out of the bacterial cells, mutations
Ertapenem
Multipotent stem cell in the adult body
(July 1991). "Expression and activity of P-glycoprotein, a multidrug efflux pump, in human hematopoietic stem cells". Cell. 66 (1): 85–94. doi:10
Adult_stem_cell
Resistance of microbes to drugs directed against them
permeability or increasing active efflux (pumping out) of the drugs across the cell surface. These multidrug efflux pumps within the cellular membrane of
Antimicrobial_resistance
Therapeutic use of bacteriophages to treat bacterial infections
that the evolution of bacterial resistance to phage attack changes the efflux pump mechanism, causing increased sensitivity to drugs from several antibiotic
Phage_therapy
British microbiologist (born 1953)
(2004). "Structure of the periplasmic component of a bacterial drug efflux pump". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 101 (27): 9994–9999
Colin_Hughes_(microbiologist)
For example, the sRNA DsrA regulates a drug efflux pump in E. coli, which is a system that mechanically pumps antibiotic out of bacterial cells. E. coli
Bacterial_small_RNA
Design and manufacture of artificial nucleic acid structures
that contained the P-glycoprotein drug efflux pump. The results of the experiment showed the DOX was not being pumped out and apoptosis of the cancer cells
DNA_nanotechnology
Species of bacterium
target drug site, and direct extrusion of the drug from the cells using efflux pumps as well as β-lactamases. The bacterium has also evolved to initiate a
Elizabethkingia_anophelis
susceptibility, which is attributable to a concerted action of multidrug efflux pumps with chromosomally encoded antibiotic resistance genes (e.g., mexAB-oprM
List of antibiotic-resistant bacteria
List_of_antibiotic-resistant_bacteria
Type of broad-spectrum antibiotic
most common mechanism of reaction, efflux, various resistance genes encode a membrane protein that actively pumps tetracycline out of the cell by exchanging
Tetracycline_antibiotics
Species of bacterium
biofilms which serve as protective clusters of bacteria and utilizes efflux pumps that pump out toxic heavy metal concentrations. Additionally, the organism
Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans
Acidithiobacillus_ferrooxidans
Chemical compound
(ROS), potentially lowering cardiovascular risk. ECG inhibits the NorA efflux pump in Staphylococcus aureus, reducing methicillin resistance more effectively
Epicatechin_gallate
Species of bacterium
resistance of B. cenocepacia include: an impermeable outer membrane, an efflux pump mechanism, and the production of a beta-lactamase. This microbe challenges
Burkholderia_cenocepacia
Medication
statistically significant variations were found in metal transporters, efflux pumps, and some additional genes. In addition, a 2013 Chinese study have also
Pyrazinamide
Means of delivering drugs to a cell
AZT-insensitive due to poor phosphorylation. It later emerged that an AZT-efflux pump was the source of this poor AZT sensitivity. However, the conclusion
Protide
Chemical compound
completely matured, pyoverdine is exported from the periplasm by PvdRT-OpmQ efflux pump. A complete organic synthesis pathway for the pyoverdine produced by
Pyoverdine
Chemical compound
Totarol may inhibit effluxing Staphylococcus aureus strains through inhibition of MsrA, although it is unclear if MsrA is an efflux pump. Totarol may also
Totarol
Dormant, persistent state of a bacterial population
transport intracellular accumulations antibiotic using an energy requiring efflux pump called TolC. A persister subpopulation has also been demonstrated in
Persister_cells
Compounds that inhibit the activity of DNA topoisomerases
limited due to accumulation of small mutations and multi-drug efflux mechanisms, which pump out unwanted drugs out of the cell. In particular, smaller quinolones
Topoisomerase_inhibitor
Protein family
permeabilization followed by biofilm disruption triggered by the inhibition of efflux pump activity and interactions with extracellular and intracellular nucleic
Cecropin
Gene whose sequence partially overlaps the reading frame of another gene
"Translational Coupling Controls Expression and Function of the DrrAB Drug Efflux Pump". Journal of Molecular Biology. 385 (3): 831–842. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2008
Overlapping_gene
Pneumonia due to use of ventilator
typically acquired through upregulation or mutation of a variety of efflux pumps which pump antibiotics out of the cell. Resistance may also occur through
Ventilator-associated pneumonia
Ventilator-associated_pneumonia
RNA element
another associated family of genes, YebN/MntP, was shown to encode Mn2+ efflux pumps in several bacteria. Genetic data and a crystal structure confirmed that
YybP-ykoY_leader
EFFLUX PUMP
EFFLUX PUMP
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Jain, Traditional
Born from a Pumpkin
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Ash Guard; Pumpkin
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant of Bellew.English : metonymic occupational name for a bellows maker or someone who pumped the bellows, for example for a blacksmith or for a church organ, from Middle English beli. Until the early 15th century the term was normally used in the singular.Variant spelling of Jewish (eastern Ashkenazic) and Russian Beloff.
EFFLUX PUMP
EFFLUX PUMP
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Love for the Truth
Boy/Male
Tamil
Lord Shiva Shivas other name
Boy/Male
Bengali, Indian
Beautiful Face; Truth
Girl/Female
Tamil
Pathway
Boy/Male
Hindu
Sacred, Holy, Divine, Another name of Lord Shiva
Boy/Male
Indian, Punjabi, Sikh
Intelligent Friend
Girl/Female
Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Daughter of Lord Vishnu
Girl/Female
American, Australian, Christian, French, German, Swedish
Little and Womanly; Man; Free Man; Female Version of Charles
Female
Celtic
, soft.
Boy/Male
British, Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Latin, Swedish
Watchful; Vigilant
EFFLUX PUMP
EFFLUX PUMP
EFFLUX PUMP
EFFLUX PUMP
EFFLUX PUMP
n.
A coming in; infusion; intromission; introduction; importation in abundance; also, that which flows or comes in; as, a great influx of goods into a country, or an influx of gold and silver.
n.
The act of flowing towards; afflux.
n.
The act of flowing forth; emanation; efflux.
n.
The setting in of the tide toward the shore, -- the ebb being called the reflux.
n.
A flowing in or upon; influx.
n.
Reflux; ebb.
n.
A tube through which water is discharged; an efflux tube; as, the ajutage of a fountain.
n.
That which flows or issues from any body or substance; issue; efflux.
n.
A fluid discharge from the bowels or other part; especially, an excessive and morbid discharge; as, the bloody flux or dysentery. See Bloody flux.
v. t.
To affect, or bring to a certain state, by flux.
n.
The act of flowing in; as, an influx of light.
n.
That which flows out; emanation; effluence.
n.
The act or process of flowing out, or issuing forth; effusion; outflow; as, the efflux of matter from an ulcer; the efflux of men's piety.
v. i.
To run out; to flow forth; to pass away.
n.
A flowing towards; that which flows to; as, an afflux of blood to the head.
p. pr. & vb. n.
of Flux
n.
A flowing out; efflux.
n.
A flowing back, as the return of a fluid; ebb; reaction; as, the flux and reflux of the tides.
a.
Returning, or flowing back; reflex; as, reflux action.