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Chemical process of joining two molecular entities by bonds of any kind
In chemistry, dimerization is the process of joining two identical or similar molecular entities by bonds. The resulting bonds can be either strong or
Dimerization
Reaction in organic chemistr
Carbene dimerization is a type of organic reaction in which two carbene or carbenoid precursors react in a formal dimerization to an alkene. This reaction
Carbene_dimerization
The telomerization is the linear dimerization of 1,3-dienes with simultaneous addition of a nucleophile in a catalytic reaction. The reaction was independently
Telomerization_(dimerization)
Macromolecular complex formed by two, usually non-covalently bound, macromolecules
protein NEMO. Some proteins contain specialized domains to ensure dimerization (dimerization domains) and specificity. The G protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors
Protein_dimer
Organic molecule containing two or more fused cyclobutane rings
result of the initial dimerization of two cyclobutadienes which preferably forms the syn product, shown below. The further dimerization only produces the
Ladderane
Type of DNA damage
(64PPs), their Dewar valence isomers, and the spore photoproduct (SP). Dimerization may proceed via a direct mechanism, in which UV radiation is absorbed
Pyrimidine_dimer
dimerization (CID) is a biological mechanism in which two proteins bind only in the presence of a certain small molecule, enzyme or other dimerizing agent
Chemically induced dimerization
Chemically_induced_dimerization
Protein found in humans
MAX dimerization protein MGA is a protein that in humans is encoded by the gene MGA. This protein is a transcription factor with dual-specificity, regulating
MAX_dimerization_protein_MGA
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Jun dimerization protein 2 (JUNDM2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the JDP2 gene. The Jun dimerization protein is a member of the AP-1 family
Jun_dimerization_protein_2
Key enzyme of photosynthesis involved in carbon fixation
Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase, commonly known by the abbreviations RuBisCo, rubisco, RuBPCase, or RuBPco, is an enzyme (EC 4.1.1.39)
RuBisCO
Enzyme
In enzymology, catechol oxidase (dimerizing) (EC 1.1.3.14) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction Four catechol 3 O2 6 H2O 3 O2 6 H2O Two
Catechol_oxidase_(dimerizing)
Organic reaction which inserts an alkene into a C-H bond of ethylene
{red}{\ce {H -}}}{\ce {CH2-CH(Ph)}}{\color {red}{\ce {-CH=CH2}}}} The dimerization of ethylene which gives 1-butene is another example of a hydrovinylation
Hydrovinylation
Chemical compound
colorless liquid. Together with 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene it can be produced by dimerization of propylene. It is a precursor to the commercial fragrance tonalide
2,3-Dimethyl-1-butene
Chemical process
produced within the Madagascar periwinkle plant (Catharanthus roseus) whose dimerization produces the anti-cancer drugs vinblastine and vincristine. The precursor
Dimerization of catharanthine and vindoline
Dimerization_of_catharanthine_and_vindoline
Chemical compound
petrochemical, produced by the catalytic cracking of crude oil or the dimerization of ethylene. Its main uses are in the production of high-octane gasoline
2-Butene
Chemical compound
use of peroxydisulfuric acid gives rise to 1,4‑benzoxazine compounds. Dimerization of isatin with KBH4 in methanol yields indirubin, representing the indigo
Isatin
Chemical compound
Dimanganese decacarbonyl, which has the chemical formula Mn2(CO)10, is a binary bimetallic carbonyl complex centered around the first row transition metal
Dimanganese_decacarbonyl
Simple model of topological insulator
the chain is clearly an insulator as the chain is broken into dimers (dimerized). However one of the two cases would consist of N / 2 {\displaystyle N/2}
Su–Schrieffer–Heeger_model
Organic compound of the form >C=C=O
are normally performed in nonpolar media to prevent dimerization.[citation needed] Dimerization of stearic ketene affords alkyl ketene dimers, widely
Ketene
Index of chemical compounds with the same name
3-Hydroxybutyraldehyde (acetaldol), an aldol, formally the product of the dimerization of acetaldehyde 4-Hydroxybutyraldehyde, a chemical intermediate Hydroxybutanal
Hydroxybutyraldehyde
RNA family
the primary dimer initiation site (DIS) as it is believed to promote dimerization of the viral genome through formation of a "kissing dimer" intermediate
Retroviral psi packaging element
Retroviral_psi_packaging_element
Measure of solute effect
. {\displaystyle i=1-\left(1-{\frac {1}{n}}\right)\alpha .} For the dimerization of acetic acid in benzene: 2 CH3COOH ⇌ (CH3COOH)2 2 moles of acetic acid
Van_'t_Hoff_factor
DNA-binding structural motif
alpha helix of a second polypeptide, facilitating dimerization. Leucine zippers are a dimerization motif of the bZIP (Basic-region leucine zipper) class
Leucine_zipper
Chemical compound
Niemetz, Ruth (2003). "Ellagitannin biosynthesis: laccase-catalyzed dimerization of tellimagrandin II to cornusiin E in Tellima grandiflora". Phytochemistry
Tellimagrandin_II
Biological process
their high degree of toxicity to proliferating cells.[citation needed] Dimerization consists of the bonding of two monomers to form an oligomer, such as
Mutagenesis
Chemical compound
HBX3− + (BH3) (X=F, Cl, Br, I) 2 BH3 → B2H6 The standard enthalpy of dimerization of BH3 is estimated to be −170 kJ mol−1. The boron atom in BH3 has 6
Borane
Topics referred to by the same term
Look up Dimer, dimer, dimerization, dimeric, or dimerous in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. Dimer may refer to: Dimer (chemistry), a chemical structure
Dimer
Chemical compound
electrochemical hydrodimerisation or by catalytic dimerization of acrylonitrile. A catalytic tail-tail dimerization of two acrylonitrile molecules forms hexanedinitrile:
2-Methyleneglutaronitrile
Hydrocarbon compound (H2C=CH2)
catalyzed by solid acid catalysts: C2H4 + H2O → CH3CH2OH Ethylene is dimerized by hydrovinylation to give n-butenes using processes licensed by Lummus
Ethylene
Main-group allene analog
phosphaallenes quickly dimerize in a [2+2]- or [2+3]-cycloaddition to yield four- or five-membered rings. Thus, in order to prevent dimerization, a bulky moiety
1-Phosphaallenes
Chemical compound
Paquette's 1982 synthesis of dodecahedrane. The first step involved reductive dimerization of the molecule to give dihydrofulvalene, not simple addition to give
Cyclopentadiene
Chemical compound
overnight to allow dimerization to anemonin. The findings of an investigation by Kataoka and colleagues in 1965 implied that this dimerization may be mediated
Anemonin
Facility that processes crude oil
to form isooctane. There are also other uses for dimerization. Gasoline produced through dimerization is highly unsaturated and very reactive. It tends
Oil_refinery
Chemical reaction
the proline-catalyzed dimerization of alpha-oxyaldehydes followed by tandem Mukaiyama aldol cyclization. The aldol dimerization of alpha-oxyaldehydes
Aldol_reaction
Protein
members of the same subfamily having very similar NR dimerization partners and the underlying dimerization network has certain topological features, such as
Nuclear_receptor
Chemical compound
to less-substituted cyclopentadiene derivatives, Cp*H is not prone to dimerization. Pentamethylcyclopentadiene is commercially available. It was first prepared
Pentamethylcyclopentadiene
Ring molecule with two nonadjacent atoms linked by a chain
proximity this cyclophane type also serves as guinea pig for photochemical dimerization reactions as illustrated by this example: The product formed has an octahedrane
Cyclophane
similar physical properties. These compounds arise via the acid catalyzed dimerization of isobutene, a reaction that proceeds via the carbocation (CH3)3C+.
Diisobutene
Chemical compound
Although the cyclobutadiene derivative is stable (with respect to dimerization), it decomposes upon contact with O2. Cyclobutadiene was also synthesized
Cyclobutadiene
Class of enzymes
class is S-adenosyl-L-methionine:[3-phospho-D-glycerate-carboxy-lyase (dimerizing)]-lysine N6-methyltransferase. Other names in common use include rubisco
(Ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase)-lysine N-methyltransferase
(Ribulose-bisphosphate_carboxylase)-lysine_N-methyltransferase
Study of magnesium compounds in chemistry
General scheme of dimerization of Grignard reagents and Schlenk equilibrium
Organomagnesium_chemistry
Protein complex
The dimerization partner, RB-like, E2F and multi-vulval class B (DREAM) complex is a protein complex responsible for the regulation of cell cycle-dependent
DREAM_complex
Enzyme found in humans
inactive monomers within the cell, their activation relies on dimerization. This dimerization occurs when initiator caspases are recruited to large protein
Caspase_2
Chemical compound
others. It belongs to the class of tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids. Dimerization of coclaurine leads to the biscoclaurine alkaloids such as cepharanthine
Coclaurine
Industrially relevant enzyme
nucleotide-binding domain and a C-terminal dimerization domain joined by a long interdomain α-helix. Each protomer's α-helical dimerization domain wraps around the interdomain
Imine_reductase
Protein family
In molecular biology, transcription factor DP (Dimerization Partner) is a family of proteins which function as transcription factors. DP forms a heterodimer
Transcription_factor_DP
Pharmaceutical drug
called a "epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) dimerization inhibitor" — it inhibits the dimerization of HER2 with other HER receptors, which prevents
Pertuzumab
Class of enzymes
to the extracellular domain of an RTK, its dimerization is triggered with other adjacent RTKs. Dimerization leads to a rapid activation of the protein's
Receptor_tyrosine_kinase
Small molecule chemical linker
(2014-11-17). "Localized light-induced protein dimerization in living cells using a photocaged dimerizer". Nature Communications. 5 (1): 5475. doi:10.1038/ncomms6475
TMP-HTag
Class of pharmaceutical drug
in vivo clearance by CYP3A4 ALK-001 (d3-vitamin A) Phase 3 Slows the dimerization rate of vitamin A AVP-786 (d6-dextromethorphan) Phase 3 Reduces formation
Deuterated_drug
Reaction impacting chemical bonds
interact less, and there is a lower thermodynamic drive for dimerization. In the dimerization reactions, the diene and dienophile were equally electron
Inverse electron-demand Diels–Alder reaction
Inverse_electron-demand_Diels–Alder_reaction
Organic compound with formula (CH2CO)2
by dimerization of ketene. Heating or irradiation with UV light regenerates the ketene monomer: (C2H2O)2 ⇌ 2 CH2CO Alkylated ketenes also dimerize with
Diketene
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
data BioGPS n/a Gene ontology Molecular function DNA binding protein dimerization activity DNA-binding transcription factor activity transcription factor
ATOH8
N2/CO exchange at atmospheric pressure. Alkylidene ketenes can readily dimerize and participate in cycloaddition reactions. Often orange or red in color
Alkylidene_ketene
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
ontology Molecular function transcription coactivator activity protein dimerization activity protein binding enzyme binding oxidoreductase activity Cellular
WWOX
DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific protein dimerization activity Cellular component nucleolus nucleoplasm cytoplasm nucleus PML
Sp100_nuclear_antigen
Biological molecules for computations
be designed with cells as their basic components. Chemically induced dimerization systems can be used to make logic gates from individual cells. These
Biological_computing
Chemical compound
ortho-Carborane is the organoboron compound with the formula C2B10H12. The prefix ortho is derived from the ortho- prefix used to signify that two substituents
Ortho-Carborane
Chemical compound
The parent cyclopentadienone is rarely encountered, because it rapidly dimerizes. Many substituted derivatives are known, notably tetraphenylcyclopentadienone
Cyclopentadienone
Organic molecule containing a neutral carbon with two unbound valence electrons
carbenoid precursors can dimerize to alkenes. This is often, but not always, an unwanted side reaction; metal carbene dimerization has been used in the synthesis
Carbene
Pleiadene generation and dimerization
Non-Kekulé_molecule
DNA sequence
viral transcription activator protein Tat. Poly A plays roles both in dimerization and genome packaging since it is necessary for cleavage and polyadenylation
Long_terminal_repeat
Sub-discipline of chemistry
is involved in retinal, a component of the machinery of vision. The dimerization of alkenes is relevant to the photodamage of DNA, where thymine dimers
Photochemistry
direction that the O2 operator faces when the DNA is looped and prevents dimerization of the O2 bound AraC with the bound I1 araC. The PBAD promoter allows
PBAD_promoter
Property of conjugated systems with 4n delocalized electrons
1063/1.2748049. PMID 17655439. Yi, Li; K. N. Houk (July 2001). "The Dimerization of Cyclobutadiene. An ab Initio CASSCF Theoretical Study". Journal of
Antiaromaticity
Characteristic temperature for a substance
increases the normal boiling point of the compound. Simple carboxylic acids dimerize by forming hydrogen bonds between molecules. A minor factor affecting boiling
Boiling_point
Chemical compound
produced by separation from crude C4 refinery streams and by ethylene dimerization. The former affords a mixture of 1-and 2-butenes, while the latter affords
1-Butene
Chemical compound
Alder and coworker, the structure was deduced in 1931. The spontaneous dimerization of neat cyclopentadiene at room temperature to form dicyclopentadiene
Dicyclopentadiene
Pharmaceutical compound
byproducts resulting from the dimerization of vitamin A. Gildeuretinol is new molecular entity designed to reduce the dimerization of vitamin A in the eye without
Gildeuretinol
Organic compound with the formula CH3CH(OH)CH2CHO
specifically to 3-hydroxybutanal. It is formally the product of the dimerization of acetaldehyde (CH3CHO). A thick colorless or pale-yellow liquid, it
3-Hydroxybutanal
Life arising from non-living matter
The Breslow catalytic cycle for formaldehyde dimerization and C2-C6 sugar formation
Abiogenesis
The systematic name of this enzyme class is glyoxylate carboxy-lyase (dimerizing tartronate-semialdehyde-forming). Other names in common use include tartronate
Tartronate-semialdehyde synthase
Tartronate-semialdehyde_synthase
Mammalian protein found in humans
that ADAR1 dimerization occurs specifically through its third double-stranded RNA-binding domain (dsRBD3), and importantly, this dimerization is RNA-independent
ADAR
Class of chemical compounds
Dimerization equilibrium observed for PS3−.
Thiophosphate
Cascade of intracellular and molecular events for transmission/amplification of signals
overturned by compensation mechanisms. In the case of HER2, which acts as a dimerization partner of other epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR), constitutive
Signal_transduction
Chemical compound
presence of acid catalysts. It can also be produced from isobutylene by dimerization using an Amberlyst catalyst to produce a mixture of iso-octenes. Hydrogenation
2,2,4-Trimethylpentane
Chemical compound
are replaced with C–F bonds. Octafluorocyclobutane is produced by the dimerization of tetrafluoroethylene and the reductive coupling of 1,2-dichloro-1,1
Octafluorocyclobutane
protein from Forsythia intermedia, production of (+)-pinoresinol is greatly enriched while production of other products of dimerization is inhibited.
Dirigent_protein
Type of carbene demonstrating particular stability
aromatic resonance or steric shielding. Acid catalyzes the carbene-like dimerization that some persistent carbenes undergo over the course of days. Persistent
Persistent_carbene
Chemical compound
an antiaromatic one. For this reason, benzocyclobutadiene will readily dimerize or polymerize and it reacts as a dienophile in Diels-Alder reactions. Benzocyclobutadiene
Benzocyclobutadiene
Divalent organolead(II) analogues of carbenes
block this dimerization mode. Due to decreasing dimerization energy down Group 14, while monohalogenated stannylenes and plumbylenes dimerize via the halogen-bridging
Plumbylene
Protein-coding gene
expression data Gene ontology Molecular function DNA binding protein dimerization activity DNA-binding transcription factor activity chromatin binding
Neurogenin-1
Dimer for protein manipulation
chemically induced dimerization applications. FK1012 is a chemical inducer of dimerization (CID) which makes the protein capable of dimerization or oligomerization
FK1012
Class of chemical compounds
alkylidene group when dimerizing in a [2+2] photocycloadditions. Staudinger's insight was complicated by dependence of the dimerization on substituents. The
Alkyl_ketene_dimer
Protein structural motif
one helix is smaller, and due to the flexibility of this loop, allows dimerization by folding and packing against another helix. The larger helix typically
Basic_helix–loop–helix
Atom, molecule, or ion that has an unpaired valence electron; typically highly reactive
bulk around the atom bearing the SOMO, the SOMO tends to form a bond by dimerization of the radical. Suppressing this tendency and hence stabilizing the radical
Radical_(chemistry)
Molecular theory
(Figure 5, right-side). Dioxygen induces dimerization for complexes shown in Figure 6. The O2-induced dimerization follows a radical mechanism, whereas H-atom
Iron_arene_complexes
Protein
FOSL1, and FOSL2. These genes encode leucine zipper proteins that can dimerize with proteins of the JUN family (e.g., c-Jun, JunD), thereby forming the
FOSB
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
oxidoreductase activity catalytic activity pyridoxal phosphate binding protein dimerization activity glycine binding glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) activity
Glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating)
Glycine_dehydrogenase_(decarboxylating)
Substance that forms a complex with a biomolecule
2005). "Design and synthesis of specific probes for human 5-HT4 receptor dimerization studies" (PDF). Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 48 (20): 6220–6228. doi:10
Ligand_(biochemistry)
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
(PA) domain, an M28 peptidase domain and a transferrin receptor-like dimerization domain. This protein mediates cellular uptake of transferrin-bound iron
Transferrin_receptor_2
dimerization interaction. Experimentally, it has been seen that, in vivo, mutating the Dimerization initiation site (DIS) obstructed the dimerization
Kissing_stem-loop
Chemical compound
hydroxide. Another preparation, performed by Liebig in 1838, is the dimerization of benzaldehyde, to benzil, which is transformed to the product by the
Benzilic_acid
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
expression data Gene ontology Molecular function DNA binding protein dimerization activity DNA-binding transcription factor activity DNA-binding transcription
TFEB
Ghost town in Missouri, United States
reaction with sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Unfortunately, instantaneous dimerization of the resulting phenol produces trace amounts of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin
Times_Beach,_Missouri
Israeli biochemist
(1979). Planning and execution of a solid State "absolute" asymmetric dimerization and polymerization with quantitative Enantiomeric yield (PDF). weizmann
Lia_Addadi
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
ontology Molecular function metal ion binding zinc ion binding protein dimerization activity DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
Zinc finger MYM-type containing 1
Zinc_finger_MYM-type_containing_1
Chemical compound
conditions, by cycloreversion processes. They are also prone to rapid dimerization, acting as dienes or dienophiles in cycloaddition reactions. Benzo-fused
Azete
Chemical compound
produced by hydroformylation of octenes. Isomeric octenes are produced by dimerization of butenes. These alcohol mixtures are used as solvents in paints and
Isononyl_alcohol
Chemical compound
15227/orgsyn.025.0058. R. Huisgen, P. Otto (1968), "The mechanism of dimerization of dimethylketene", J. Am. Chem. Soc., vol. 90, no. 19, pp. 5342–5343
Isobutyryl_chloride
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