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Group of antimicrobial peptides
Defensins are small cysteine-rich cationic proteins across cellular life, including vertebrate and invertebrate animals, plants, and fungi. They are host
Defensin
Host-defense peptide family in plants
Plant defensins (formerly gamma-thionins) are a family of primitive, highly stable, cysteine-rich defensins found in plants that function to defend them
Plant_defensin
Protein family
Theta-defensins (θ-defensins, retrocyclins, or demidefensins) are a family of mammalian antimicrobial peptides. They are found in non-human 'Old World'
Theta_defensin
Mammalian protein found in humans
Defensin beta 4A, also commonly known as beta-defensin 2 (BD-2), is a peptide that in humans is encoded by the gene DEFB4A (previously DEFB4 or DEFB2)
Defensin_beta_4A
Mamilian biological material
Alpha defensins are a family of mammalian defensin peptides of the alpha subfamily. They are also known as cryptdins and are produced within the small
Alpha_defensin
Family of proteins
Beta defensins are a family of vertebrate defensins. The beta defensins are antimicrobial peptides implicated in the resistance of epithelial surfaces
Beta_defensin
Protein found in humans
Beta-defensin 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DEFB1 gene. Defensins form a family of microbicidal and cytotoxic peptides made by neutrophils
Beta_defensin_1
Protein
Beta-defensin 3 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DEFB3 gene. HBD-3 was first isolated from human lesional psoriatic scales. RT-PCR showed
Beta-defensin_3
Anti-microbial epithelial cell of the small intestine
antigens, Paneth cells secrete several anti-microbial compounds (notably defensins and lysozyme) that are known to be important in immunity and host-defense
Paneth_cell
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Defensin, alpha 1 also known as human alpha defensin 1, human neutrophil peptide 1 (HNP-1) or neutrophil defensin 1 is a human protein that is encoded
DEFA1
Protein family
Arthropod defensins are a family defensin proteins found in mollusks, insects, and arachnids. These cysteine-rich antibacterial peptides are primarily
Arthropod_defensin
Protein-coding gene in humans
Beta-defensin 106 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DEFB106A gene. Defensins form a family of microbicidal and cytotoxic peptides made by
Beta-defensin_106
Mammalian protein found in Homo sapiens
Defensin, alpha 5 (DEFA5) also known as human alpha defensin 5 (HD5) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DEFA5 gene. DEFA5 is expressed in the
DEFA5
Chemical compound
which are defensins, are part of the innate immune response and are common to most higher forms of life. As brilacidin is modeled after a defensin, it is
Brilacidin
microbiological assay originally developed to measure the activity of defensins. It has since been applied to other antimicrobial peptides including LL-37
Virtual_colony_count
Class of peptides that have antimicrobial activity
family of plant defensins rupture membranes by identifying key phospholipids in the cell membranes of the pathogen. Human defensins have been thought
Antimicrobial_peptides
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Defensin, alpha 6 (DEFA6) also known as human alpha defensin 6 (HD6) is a human protein that is encoded by the DEFA6 gene. DEFA6 is expressed in the Paneth
DEFA6
British breed of retriever gun dog
CBD103 (KB) have a black coat resulting from the interaction between a β-defensin and MC1R (black Curly Coated Retriever bottom)." — Candille, Kaelin, et
Labrador_Retriever
Test for white blood cells in urine
much less expensive than testing for alpha-defensin. Enzyme List of enzymes Ester Biomarker Alpha-defensin Kiss MO, Massé V (2023). "Biomarkers of periprosthetic
Leukocyte_esterase
Venom produced by the platypus
peptides that have been sequenced and identified fall into three categories: defensin-like peptides (OvDLPs), C-type natriuretic peptides (OvCNPs), and nerve
Platypus_venom
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Defensin, alpha 3 (DEFA3) also known as human alpha defensin 3, human neutrophil peptide 3 (HNP-3) or neutrophil defensin 3 is a human protein that is
DEFA3
Melanistic wolf
It was discovered that a gene mutation responsible for the protein beta-defensin 3, known as the K locus, is responsible for the black coat colour in dogs
Black_wolf
lubricates and waterproofs the outer layer of the skin, the stratum corneum. Defensins are substances that are secreted onto the skin surface that are anti-microbial
Skin_secretions
Species of mammal
pain) that can last as long as months. The venom is composed largely of defensin-like proteins (DLPs) produced by the immune system, some of which are unique
Platypus
Species of fungus
in P. nigrella, is the first defensin to be isolated from a fungus. Plectasin has a chemical structure resembling defensins found in spiders, scorpions
Pseudoplectania_nigrella
epithelial cells called Paneth cells secrete abundant quantities human α-defensins into the intestinal lumen of healthy individuals. Lysozyme is another
Intestinal_mucosal_barrier
Biological system protecting an organism against disease
These mechanisms include phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptides called defensins, RNA interference, and the complement system. Jawed vertebrates, including
Immune_system
Human gene and protein
USP17L7 Name Basis Function DEFB106A Beta-defensin 106A Textmining and Co-expression Belongs to the defensin family which are antimicrobial and cytotoxic
PRR23A
Species of bacterium
containing a strain of R. mucosa called RSM 2015 under the brand name Skinesa Defensin. Han XY, Pham AS, Tarrand JJ, Rolston KV, Helsel LO, Levett PN. Bacteriologic
Roseomonas_mucosa
are part of the reproductive system in women. Defensins alpha-Defensins beta-Defensins theta-defensins Cathelicidins LL-37 Whey acid proteins SLPI Elafin
List of antimicrobial peptides in the female reproductive tract
List_of_antimicrobial_peptides_in_the_female_reproductive_tract
Cellular object readily stainable with a RomanowskI stain
anti-microbial defensins that fuse with phagocytic vacuoles. Azurophils may contain myeloperoxidase, phospholipase A2, acid hydrolases, elastase, defensins, neutral
Azurophilic_granule
Type of white blood cell
Myeloperoxidase, bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (BPI), defensins, and the serine proteases neutrophil elastase, Proteinase 3 and cathepsin
Neutrophil
Species of grass
Ustilago esculenta stimulates innate immune system, via induction of human β-defensin-2. Archived 1 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine ISHS Acta Horticulturae
Zizania_latifolia
Genus of flowering plants used as herbs
the major allergen of mugwort pollen, is a modular glycoprotein with a defensin-like and a hydroxyproline-rich domain". The FASEB Journal. 17 (1): 106–8
Mugwort
Order of egg-laying mammals
contains a powerful venom in the male platypus. This venom is derived from β-defensins, proteins that are present in mammals that create holes in viral and bacterial
Monotreme
Sweet and viscous substance made by bees
use include methylglyoxal, hydrogen peroxide, and royalisin (also called defensin-1). For chronic and acute coughs, a Cochrane review found no strong evidence
Honey
Antifungal peptide
also found in Drosophila defensin, and some plant defensins. Drosomycin has greater sequence similarity with these plant defensins (up to 40%), than with
Drosomycin
Chemical with a high vapor pressure at room temperature
downregulate antimicrobial peptides on the skin like cathelicidin LL-37, human β-defensin 2 and 3. Xylene and formaldehyde worsen allergic inflammation in animal
Volatile_organic_compound
Bears kept in captivity to harvest their bile
immunoregulatory responses by regulation of cytokines, antimicrobial peptides defensins, and take an active part in increased restitution of wound in the colon
Bile_bear
Bodily fluid secreted by salivary glands
bacteria: Lysozyme Salivary lactoperoxidase Lactoferrin Immunoglobulin A Beta defensin Proline-rich proteins (function in enamel formation, Ca2+-binding, microbe
Saliva
Death of children under the age of 1
C-reactive protein, ferritin, various interleukins, chemokines, cytokines, defensins, and bacteria, have been shown to be associated with increased risks of
Infant_mortality
Short chains of 2–50 amino acids
signaling functions. Magainin family Cecropin family Cathelicidin family Defensin family Substance P Kassinin Neurokinin A Eledoisin Neurokinin B Vasoactive
Peptide
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Defensin, alpha 1B a human protein that is encoded by the DEFA1B gene. defensin ENSG00000285176 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000240247, ENSG00000285176
DEFA1B
Net with fibers on the scale of nanometers
carbon, metals, silicon, or peptides, such as nanonets composed of the defensin HD6. The word nanonet is also used in reference to a nanoscale communication
Nanonet
Protein-coding gene in humans
Beta-defensin 129 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DEFB129 gene. Defensins are cysteine-rich cationic polypeptides that are important in the
DEFB129
Type of hormone-producing cell
family member 1 (ACSL1) and defensin beta 1. ACSL1 is thought to play a role in the processing of ghrelin while defensin beta 1 produces a protein that
Epsilon_cell
Dog-wolf hybrid
it was discovered that a gene mutation responsible for the protein beta-defensin 3 is responsible for the black coat color in dogs. The same mutation was
Wolfdog
Waxy substance secreted by the ear
Moens U, McCray PB, Stenfors LE, Seljfelid R (September 1999). "Human beta-defensin-1 mRNA is transcribed in tympanic membrane and adjacent auditory canal
Earwax
Species of bivalve
Song 2006 also found an inhibitor of κB (IκB). AiBD is the first big defensin cloned from this scallop. The gene is 531 nucleotides and the polypeptide
Argopecten_irradians
Field of immunology
Cammarota M, Alfano A, Schiraldi C, Donnarumma G (2017). "Beta-Defensin-2 and Beta-Defensin-3 Reduce Intestinal Damage Caused by Salmonella typhimurium Modulating
Nutritional_immunology
Primary organ of the respiratory system
secrete mucus which also contains several antimicrobial compounds such as defensins, antiproteases, and antioxidants. The size of the respiratory tract and
Lung
Medical condition
associated with copy number changes of the adjacent olfactory receptor/defensin repeats (ORDRs) that predispose to the 8p23.1 deletion and duplication
8p23.1_duplication_syndrome
Genetics behind Labrador Retriever coat colour
repressor that is a product of the Agouti gene (A locus), and an activator, β-Defensin 103 (CBD103), recently named the K locus. In Labradors a highly-active
Labrador Retriever coat colour genetics
Labrador_Retriever_coat_colour_genetics
Medication and metabolite of cholesterol
immunoregulatory responses by regulation of cytokines, antimicrobial peptides defensins, and take an active part in increased restitution of wound in the colon
Ursodeoxycholic_acid
Type of cytotoxic lymphocyte
virions, whereas apoptosis leads to destruction of the virus inside. α-defensins, antimicrobial molecules, are also secreted by NK cells, and directly
Natural_killer_cell
Protein-coding gene in humans
Beta-defensin 127 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DEFB127 gene. Defensins are cysteine-rich cationic polypeptides that are important in the
DEFB127
Antimicrobial enzyme produced by animals
the eye) is, instead, protected by secreted enzymes, mainly lysozyme and defensin. However, when these protective barriers fail, conjunctivitis results.
Lysozyme
Process which formed the domestic dog
European and Middle Eastern wolves showing contributions from dogs. The β-defensin gene responsible for the black coat of North American wolves was the result
Domestication_of_the_dog
Biological system in animals and plants for gas exchange
the lungs. These include secretory immunoglobulins (IgA), collectins, defensins and other peptides and proteases, reactive oxygen species, and reactive
Respiratory_system
Peptides derived from pro-opiomelanocortin
protein (ASIP) and agouti-related protein (AgRP). Lastly, the ligand β-defensin 3 acts as a neutral melanocortin receptor antagonist. The five melanocortin
Melanocortin
Species of bacterium
Polysaccharides are associated with adhesion of neutrophil-secreted defensins that inactivate and degrade the bacteria. By not containing this macromolecule
Bacillus_anthracis
Instinctive response in humans and many animals
extrinsic blood coagulation cascade. The enzymes lysozyme and peroxidase, defensins, cystatins and an antibody, IgA, are all antibacterial. Thrombospondin
Wound_licking
Immunity strategy in living beings
immunity. Several species of insect produce antimicrobial peptides known as defensins and cecropins. In invertebrates, PRRs trigger proteolytic cascades that
Innate_immune_system
Protein-coding gene in humans
Beta-defensin 126 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the DEFB126 gene. Defensins are cysteine-rich cationic polypeptides that are important in the
DEFB126
Plant peptide hormone
inhibitors which protect against insect herbivores, other peptides activate defensins and modify root growth. They have also been shown to affect plants' responses
Systemin
Species of tick
tachycardia. The defensins employed by O. savignyi are being studied for developing multifunctional peptides - shorter peptides derived from the defensin isoform
Ornithodoros_savignyi
Words about dogs
project took samples from 38 different breeds to find the gene (a beta defensin gene) responsible for dog coat color. One version produces yellow dogs
Canine_terminology
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
activated the epithelial cells in culture to produce beta-defensin 2 (hBD2) and beta defensins 4 (hBD4). These findings suggest that TFF can activate intestinal
Trefoil_factor_3
Immune system protein
"Oral mucosal expression of HIV-1 receptors, co-receptors, and alpha-defensins: tableau of resistance or susceptibility to HIV infection?". Advances
CCR5
Chemical compound
pyrophosphate. Lipid II interacts with human alpha defensins, a class of antimicrobial peptides, such as Defensin, alpha 1. The latter has been used to describe
Lipid_II
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
fiber protein 3-like protein 1 Active in cytoskeleton DEFB30 Beta-defensin 130a; Defensin, beta 130 Antimicrobial host-defense peptide, antiplasmodial activity
TEDDM1
Topics referred to by the same term
political alliance in the Philippines Human neutrophil peptides or alpha defensins 1-4 This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title
HNP
Component of blood aiding in coagulation
platelets release reactive oxygen species (ROS), antimicrobial peptides, defensins, kinocidins and proteases, killing the bacteria directly. Platelets also
Platelet
Protein family
antimicrobial peptides, AMPs, that display limited sequence similarity to certain defensins and tachyplesins. In solution, the peptides fold to form an anti-parallel
Protegrin
Sendai virus, virus of rodents
effective stimulant of expression of human beta-defensin-1 (hBD-1). This protein is a member of the beta-defensin family of proteins that bridges innate and
Murine_respirovirus
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
Defensin, alpha 4 (DEFA4), also known as neutrophil defensin 4 or HNP4, is a human defensin peptide that is encoded by the DEFA4 gene. HNP4 is expressed
DEFA4
Multipotent adult stem cells present in multiple tissues
antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), including human cathelicidin LL-37, β-defensins, lipocalin 2 and hepcidin. These peptides, together with the enzyme indoleamine
Mesenchymal_stem_cell
Protein found in humans
does not involve cell membrane permeabilization, which is typical for defensins and other antimicrobial peptides, cell wall hydrolysis, or osmotic shock
Peptidoglycan recognition protein 4
Peptidoglycan_recognition_protein_4
Medical tubes inserted in the body to extract or administer substances
Claudio; Bruin, Gerard; Polus, Florine; Aigner, Birgit (March 2017). "β-Defensin 2 is a responsive biomarker of IL-17A–driven skin pathology in patients
Catheter
Type of molecules within cells
peptide FPR1 mROS NLRP3 Endoplasmic reticulum Calreticulin CD91 Granule Defensins TLR4 Cathelicidin (LL37) P2X7, FPR2 Eosinophil-derived neurotoxin TLR2
Damage-associated molecular pattern
Damage-associated_molecular_pattern
Protein family
Ponting, CP; Temple-Smith, P; Warren, WC; Kuchel, PW; Belov, K (Jun 2008). "Defensins and the convergent evolution of platypus and reptile venom genes". Genome
Myotoxin
Highly modified saliva containing zootoxins
Papenfuss AT, Bansal P, Torres AM, Wong ES, Deakin JE, et al. (June 2008). "Defensins and the convergent evolution of platypus and reptile venom genes". Genome
Snake_venom
epithelial cells express chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) and Beta defensin 3. CCL20 and Beta-defensin 3 activate cells which mediate the development of isolated
Microbial symbiosis and immunity
Microbial_symbiosis_and_immunity
Ability of certain substances to produce several distinct biological responses
cells do a variety of tasks including recruiting neutrophils, creating defensins, and mediating inflammation in the intestinal epithelium and skin. TH2
Pluripotency (biological compounds)
Pluripotency_(biological_compounds)
Genus of bacteria in the Alphaproteobacteria class
pathway, which is essential for activation of antimicrobial peptides, defensins, and cecropins that help to inhibit virus proliferation. Conversely, certain
Wolbachia
Group of antimicrobial peptides in vertebrates
antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). The AMP family also includes the defensins. Whilst the defensins share common structural features, cathelicidin-related peptides
Cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide
Cathelicidin_antimicrobial_peptide
Grouping of proteins
Smith DG, Li Y, Yang M, Zhu Q (June 2014). "Evolution of primate α and θ defensins revealed by analysis of genomes". Molecular Biology Reports. 41 (6): 3859–66
Protein_superfamily
Organism altered by genetic engineering
In 2017, researchers genetically modified a virus to express spinach defensin proteins. The virus was injected into orange trees to combat citrus greening
Genetically_modified_organism
Cytokine
factor that regulates the production of cytokines like IL-1, TNF-a, and defensins, although its function in apoptosis may be separate from this function
Transforming growth factor beta
Transforming_growth_factor_beta
Protein-coding gene in the species Homo sapiens
does not involve cell membrane permeabilization, which is typical for defensins and other antimicrobial peptides, cell wall hydrolysis, or osmotic shock
Peptidoglycan recognition protein 1
Peptidoglycan_recognition_protein_1
contents. Most common & well studied defensins synthesised by the odontoblast process are the human-ß defensins (hBDs) -1, -2, -3 and -4 which vary in
Odontoblast_process
Peptide found in bovines
Lingual antimicrobial peptide (LAP) is a beta-defensin found in bovine internal epithelial tissue, in particular, that of the digestive tract. It has antimicrobial
Lingual_antimicrobial_peptide
toll-like receptors (TLRs) prevents pro-inflammatory cytokine expression beta defensins bioactive peptides recruit T cells and enhance TLRs chondroitin sulfate
Anti-inflammatory agents in breast milk
Anti-inflammatory_agents_in_breast_milk
Final section of the small intestine
intestinal glands and release antimicrobial substances such as alpha defensins and lysozyme; microfold cells, which take up and transport antigens from
Ileum
Species of virus
infection. Since 2009 genetically modified viruses expressing spinach defensin proteins have been field trialed in Florida (USA). The virus infection
Genetically_modified_virus
Toxin secreted by an animal
Whittington, C. M.; Papenfuss, A. T.; Bansal, P.; et al. (June 2008). "Defensins and the convergent evolution of platypus and reptile venom genes". Genome
Venom
Tiger beetle species
Calomera species littoralis. Identification, structural characterisation and expression analysis of a defensin gene from the tiger beetle Calomera littoralis
Cicindela_littoralis
Protein-coding gene in humans
Suico MA, Shuto T, Li JD, Kai H (March 2004). "MEF up-regulates human beta-defensin 2 expression in epithelial cells". FEBS Letters. 561 (1–3): 117–21. Bibcode:2004FEBSL
ELF4
Studies of the visible part of a canine
project took samples from 38 different breeds to find the gene (a beta defensin gene) responsible for dog coat color. One version produces yellow dogs
Dog_anatomy
Peptide toxin from the venom of the aggregating anemone
Through its folding pattern, APETx1 is classified as a member of the Defensin family. APETx1 has an 88% homology with APETx4, another Anthopleura elegantissima
APETx1
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