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Species of bacterium
Bacillus anthracis is a gram-positive and rod-shaped bacterium that causes anthrax, a deadly disease to livestock and, occasionally, to humans. It is the
Bacillus_anthracis
Bacterial variant
Bacillus cereus biovar anthracis is a variant of the Bacillus cereus bacterium that has acquired plasmids similar to those of Bacillus anthracis. As a
Bacillus cereus biovar anthracis
Bacillus_cereus_biovar_anthracis
Species of bacterium
motility. The Bacillus cereus group comprises seven closely related species: B. cereus sensu stricto (referred to herein as B. cereus), B. anthracis, B. thuringiensis
Bacillus_cereus
Genus of bacteria
disinfectants. Bacillus anthracis needs oxygen to sporulate; this constraint has important consequences for epidemiology and control. In vivo, B. anthracis produces
Bacillus
Infection caused by Bacillus anthracis bacteria
Anthrax is an infection caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis or Bacillus cereus biovar anthracis. Infection typically occurs by contact with the
Anthrax
Topics referred to by the same term
an acute disease caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. Anthrax may also refer to: Bacillus anthracis, the bacterium responsible for anthrax, the
Anthrax_(disambiguation)
Development and deployment of Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) as a biological weapon
weaponization is the development and deployment of the bacterium Bacillus anthracis or, more commonly, its spore (referred to as anthrax), as a biological
Anthrax_weaponization
German physician and bacteriologist (1843–1910)
of medical bacteriology. His discovery of the anthrax bacterium (Bacillus anthracis) in 1876 is considered the birth of modern bacteriology. Koch used
Robert_Koch
Bioterrorist attacks in the United States
reported in spores of at least some Bacillus species, including those of Bacillus cereus, a close relative of B. anthracis". According to spore expert Peter
2001_anthrax_attacks
Obsolete medical theory about the transmission of disease through bad air
Entwicklungsgeschichte des Bacillus Anthracis (The Etiology of Anthrax Disease, Based on the Developmental History of Bacillus Anthracis) in 1876 while working
Miasma_theory
Species of bacterium
and plantazolicin, an antibiotic with selective activity against Bacillus anthracis. Cultures of the organism are used in agriculture, aquaculture, and
Bacillus_amyloliquefaciens
Strain of the anthrax bacterium
Ames strain is one of 89 known strains of the anthrax bacterium (Bacillus anthracis). It was isolated from a diseased 14-month-old Beefmaster heifer that
Ames_strain
Protective structure formed by bacteria
bacterial species that can form endospores include Bacillus cereus, Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus thuringiensis, Clostridium botulinum, and Clostridium
Endospore
1979 anthrax outbreak in the Soviet Union
On 2 April 1979, an accidental release of spores of Bacillus anthracis (the causative agent of anthrax) is reported to have started an outbreak of the
Sverdlovsk_anthrax_leak
Vaccine
others, is a vaccine intended to provide acquired immunity against Bacillus anthracis. Anthrax vaccine adsorbed originated in studies done in the 1950s
Anthrax_vaccine_adsorbed
Tripartite protein complex secreted by virulent strains of Bacillus anthracis
three-protein exotoxin secreted by virulent strains of the bacterium, Bacillus anthracis—the causative agent of anthrax. The toxin was first discovered by
Anthrax_toxin
Species of bacterium
DM (1 September 2010). "Identifying experimental surrogates for Bacillus anthracis spores: a review". Investigative Genetics. 1 (1): 4. doi:10.1186/2041-2223-1-4
Bacillus_atrophaeus
Species of bacteria used as an insecticide
placed in the Bacillus cereus group which is variously defined as seven closely related species: B. cereus sensu stricto (B. cereus), B. anthracis, B. thuringiensis
Bacillus_thuringiensis
Vaccines against the bacterium Bacillus anthracis
the livestock and human disease anthrax, caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. They have had a prominent place in the history of medicine, from
Anthrax_vaccine
Unconventional weapons of Japanese doomsday cult
range of agents, but only seriously attempted to obtain and disperse Bacillus anthracis and botulinum toxin, the causative agents of anthrax and botulism
Aum Shinrikyo and weapons of mass destruction
Aum_Shinrikyo_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction
most commonly studied are Bacillus species, particularly Bacillus cereus and the anthrax-causing bacterium Bacillus anthracis. The exosporium is the portion
Exosporium
outbreaks of anthrax, a disease of humans and other mammals caused by Bacillus anthracis, organized by year. "Emergencies, preparedness, response: Anthrax"
List_of_anthrax_outbreaks
American microbiologist, vaccinologist and murder suspect (1946–2008)
members of the media of several anonymous letters that contained Bacillus anthracis, commonly referred to as anthrax. On February 19, 2010, the FBI released
Bruce_Edwards_Ivins
Class of bacteria in the phylum Firmicutes
pathogens such as Bacillus anthracis (the cause of anthrax). Bacilli are almost exclusively gram-positive bacteria. The name Bacillus, capitalized and
Bacilli
Polysaccharide layer that lies outside the cell envelope in many bacteria
some species use other materials, such as poly-D-glutamic acid in Bacillus anthracis. Because most capsules are so tightly packed, they are difficult to
Bacterial_capsule
Japanese cult and terrorist organization
July 1993, cult members sprayed large amounts of liquid containing Bacillus anthracis spores from a cooling tower on the roof of Aum Shinrikyo's Tokyo headquarters
Aum_Shinrikyo
Pathogen that can be weaponized
its weaponized anti-personnel bio-agents as either "lethal agents" (Bacillus anthracis, Francisella tularensis, Botulinum toxin) or "incapacitating agents"
Biological_agent
Occupational disease
bacteria, Bacillus anthracis, these workers appeared to be infected with different disease-causing bacteria, Bacillus cereus biovar anthracis, that were
Welder's_anthrax
Iron-carrying compounds
bacteria to obtain this metal. For example, the anthrax pathogen Bacillus anthracis releases two siderophores, bacillibactin and petrobactin, to scavenge
Siderophore
Four criteria showing a causal relationship between a causative microbe and a disease
Entwicklungsgeschichte des Bacillus anthracis" [Investigations into bacteria: V. The etiology of anthrax, based on the ontogenesis of Bacillus anthracis] (PDF). Cohns
Koch's_postulates
Piece of dead tissue caused by some skin injuries
frequently attributed in medicine to cutaneous anthrax (infection by Bacillus anthracis), which may be contracted through herd animal exposure and also from
Eschar
Founder of Aum Shinrikyo (1955–2018)
July 1993, cult members sprayed large amounts of liquid containing Bacillus anthracis spores from a cooling tower on the roof of Aum Shinrikyo's Tokyo headquarters
Shoko_Asahara
French physician
the diseased blood, Rayer and Davaine observed the bacillus that is known today as Bacillus anthracis, the causative bacterium of anthrax. Soon afterwards
Casimir_Davaine
Disease of the lungs
Gram-positive causes of pneumonia are Staphylococcus aureus (J15.2) and Bacillus anthracis. Gram-negative bacteria are seen less frequently: Haemophilus influenzae
Bacterial_pneumonia
Species of bacterium
with other potential agents of bioterrorism such as Yersinia pestis, Bacillus anthracis, and Ebola virus. When found in nature, Francisella tularensis can
Francisella_tularensis
Soviet pathogen weaponization from 1920s to 1990s
small laboratory controlled by VOKhIMU, Fishman initiated research on Bacillus anthracis (the causative agent of anthrax). In February 1928, Fishman prepared
Soviet biological weapons program
Soviet_biological_weapons_program
1943–1973 military research program
history, the program weaponized and stockpiled seven bio-agents — Bacillus anthracis (anthrax), Francisella tularensis (tularemia), Brucella spp (brucellosis)
United States biological weapons program
United_States_biological_weapons_program
Chemical compound
catechol-based siderophore secreted by members of the genus Bacillus, including Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus subtilis. It is involved in the chelation of ferric
Bacillibactin
1995 terrorist attack by Aum Shinrikyo
including VX for assassination attempts, and attempted to produce Bacillus anthracis and botulinum toxin for bioterrorism. Asahara had been made aware
Tokyo_subway_sarin_attack
Species of bacterium
mycoides is a member of the Bacillus cereus sensu lato group, a closely related species complex that also includes B. anthracis, B. cereus, B. thuringiensis
Bacillus_mycoides
Domain of microorganisms
disease; for example, anthrax can be contracted by the inhalation of Bacillus anthracis endospores, and contamination of deep puncture wounds with Clostridium
Bacteria
Gastroscopic examination, or histopathologic examination Albendazole No Bacillus anthracis Anthrax Culture, PCR Large doses of intravenous and oral antibiotics
List_of_infectious_diseases
Process of virus reproduction
conversion has shown to enable biofilm formation in Bacillus anthracis. Strains of B. anthracis cured of all phage were unable to form biofilms, which
Lysogenic_cycle
Monoclonal antibody
monoclonal antibody medication designed for the treatment of exposure to Bacillus anthracis spores (etiologic agent of anthrax). The medication was developed
Obiltoxaximab
Species of fly
(LSD) and fowlpox. S. calcitrans is also reported to be a vector of Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax. Sucking human blood Talley, Justin
Stable_fly
Process of testing biological interventions on whole, living organisms
found that sterile filtrates of serum from animals infected with Bacillus anthracis were lethal for other animals, whereas extracts of culture fluid from
In_vivo
Microscopic living organism
cattle that were infected with anthrax always had large numbers of Bacillus anthracis. Koch found that he could transmit anthrax from one animal to another
Microorganism
Reason for or origin of a disease or pathology
bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes the disease tuberculosis; Bacillus anthracis causes anthrax, and Vibrio cholerae causes cholera. This line of thinking
Cause_(medicine)
Non-lethal chemical or biological weapon
distinction is also made between bio-agents as Lethal Agents (e.g., Bacillus anthracis, Francisella tularensis, Botulinum toxin) or Incapacitating Agents
Incapacitating_agent
genus Bacillus includes the model organism, B. subtilis, and two widely known human pathogens, B. anthracis and B. cereus. Other strains of Bacillus bacteria
Bacillus_phage
Enzyme with key regulatory roles in most cells
adenylyl cyclases are toxins secreted by pathogenic bacteria such as Bacillus anthracis, Bordetella pertussis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Vibrio vulnificus
Adenylyl_cyclase
Species of bacterium
(2007). "Susceptibility of Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus mycoides, Bacillus pseudomycoides and Bacillus thuringiensis to 24 antimicrobials
Bacillus_pseudomycoides
Mammalian protein found in humans
AC (October 2006). "Structure-activity relationships of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus anthracis dihydrofolate reductase: toward the identification of new
Dihydrofolate_reductase
Chemical compound
propan-1-ol. It is found in nature, including as a metabolite of yeast and bacillus anthracis. It is a sulphurous aroma component of many foods, such as wine, cheese
Methionol
Species of virus
Bacillus virus AP50 is a species of bacteriophage that infects Bacillus anthracis bacteria. Originally thought to be an RNA phage, it contains a DNA genome
Bacillus_virus_AP50
"Pathogenomic sequence analysis of Bacillus cereus and Bacillus thuringiensis isolates closely related to Bacillus anthracis". J Bacteriol. 188 (9): 3382–90
List of sequenced bacterial genomes
List_of_sequenced_bacterial_genomes
products. 1979, Soviet Union. Sverdlovsk anthrax leak in which spores of Bacillus anthracis (the causative agent of anthrax) were accidentally released from a
List of human-made mass poisoning incidents
List_of_human-made_mass_poisoning_incidents
French chemist, pharmacist and microbiologist (1822–1895)
honour of Jenner's discovery. In 1876, Robert Koch had shown that Bacillus anthracis caused anthrax. In his papers published between 1878 and 1880, Pasteur
Louis_Pasteur
Edible berries native to Northeast Asia
could come into contact with soil contaminated with anthrax-causing Bacillus anthracis, something that was not an issue with kiwifruit. The name kiwifruit
Kiwifruit
Genus of rod-shaped bacteria
(March 2004). "gyrB as a phylogenetic discriminator for members of the Bacillus anthracis–cereus–thuringiensis group". Journal of Microbiological Methods. 56
Cytobacillus
Chemical compound
been identified as a selective bactericidal agent active against Bacillus anthracis, the causative agent of anthrax. This natural product is a ribosomally
Plantazolicin
Controlled biological agents in the United States
tularensis* Rickettsia prowazekii Rickettsia rickettsii Yersinia pestis* Bacillus anthracis Coronavirus: SARS-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) Encephalitis viruses:
Select_agent
etiology of anthrax disease based on the evolutionary history of Bacillus anthracis" written in German. It included a drawing of the bacteria, but in
Germ theory's key 19th century figures
Germ_theory's_key_19th_century_figures
Keim P, Kaufmann AF, Keys C, Smith KL, Taniguchi K; et al. (2004). "Bacillus anthracis incident, Kameido, Tokyo, 1993". Emerg Infect Dis. 10 (1): 117–20
List of bioterrorist incidents
List_of_bioterrorist_incidents
Central part of the thoracic cavity
mediastinum was found in 7 of the first 10 victims infected by anthrax (Bacillus anthracis) in 2001. esophageal rupture - presents usually with pneumomediastinum
Mediastinum
Inflammation of the back of the throat
Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Bordetella pertussis, Bacillus anthracis, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydophila
Pharyngitis
Indian pharmaceutical company
of an anti-bacterial product from the US market due to presence of Bacillus anthracis, Penicillium chrysogenum & E. coli in some samples. Teva recalled
Emcure_Pharmaceuticals
Unrecognised state in Southern Africa (1965–1979)
included Vibrio cholerae (causative agent of cholera) and possibly Bacillus anthracis (causative agent of anthrax). They also looked at using Rickettsia
Rhodesia
Use of strategically designed biological weapons
a vulnerable target that pose significant problems. For example, Bacillus anthracis is considered an effective agent for several reasons. First, it forms
Biological_warfare
Basic unit of life forms
polysaccharide as in pneumococci, meningococci or polypeptide as Bacillus anthracis or hyaluronic acid as in streptococci. Mycoplasma only possess the
Cell_(biology)
Chemical compound
Petrobactin is a metal-binding natural product used for iron acquisition by Bacillus anthracis, the pathogen that causes anthrax, as well as in other bacterial species
Petrobactin
Pharmaceutical drug
the United States for the treatment of inhalational anthrax due to Bacillus anthracis in combination with appropriate antibacterial drugs, and for prophylaxis
Raxibacumab
Research and development of biological weapons in Iraq
had worked with several species of bacterial pathogen, including Bacillus anthracis, Clostridium botulinum and Clostridium perfringens (gas gangrene)
Iraqi biological weapons program
Iraqi_biological_weapons_program
Antibiotic medication
- Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella typhi, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Bacillus anthracis, Meningococci, staphylococci, streptococci, pneumococci, and gonococci
Pyocyanase
Event in Second Sino-Japanese War
Shiro Ishii, a combat expedition equipped with large quantities of bacillus anthracis, vibrio cholerae, and plague-infected fleas was sent to Ningbo. The
Ningbo_plague_attack
Dead and decaying flesh of an animal
including viruses (e.g. rabies virus, West Nile virus), bacteria (e.g. Bacillus anthracis, Clostridium botulinum, Francisella tularensis, Listeria monocytogenes
Carrion
1964–1979 conflict in Southern Africa
use also included Vibrio cholerae (causative agent of cholera) and Bacillus anthracis (causative agent of anthrax). They also looked at using Rickettsia
Rhodesian_Bush_War
Shallow dish used to hold cell cultures
pathogens of tuberculosis (Mycobacterium tuberculosis), anthrax (Bacillus anthracis), and cholera (Vibrio cholerae). For his research on tuberculosis
Petri_dish
American academic
focused on Helicobacter pylori, Campylobacter species, Salmonella, Bacillus anthracis, and on the human microbiome. Blaser obtained his undergraduate education
Martin_J._Blaser
Class of chemical compounds
used to detect calcium dipicolinate in bacterial spores, including Bacillus anthracis and B. cereus. In the first step of the biosynthetic pathway, L-tyrosine
Betalain
Mold used in the making of some blue cheeses
Pasteur would build on this discovery,[citation needed] noting that Bacillus anthracis would not grow in the presence of the related mold Penicillium notatum
Penicillium_glaucum
Lake in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan
facility are still unclear, but bio-agents tested there included Bacillus anthracis, Coxiella burnetii, Francisella tularensis, Brucella suis, Rickettsia
Aral_Sea
Protein family
1991). "Contribution of individual toxin components to virulence of Bacillus anthracis". Infect. Immun. 59 (10): 3472–7. doi:10.1128/IAI.59.10.3472-3477
AB_toxin
Cuban-American scientist
interactions with Cryptococcus neoformans, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and Bacillus anthracis, with a focus on microbial pathogenesis and mechanisms of antibody
Arturo_Casadevall
Aspect of medical history
was most effective), meningococcus, streptococcus, staphylococcus, Bacillus anthracis, actinomyces and tetanus bacterium (Clostridium tetani) and the bacteria
History_of_penicillin
Pharmaceutical drug
streptococci. Oritavancin has potential use as a therapy for exposure to Bacillus anthracis, the Gram-positive bacterium that causes anthrax, having demonstrated
Oritavancin
Disinfection method using ultraviolet light
first unveiled in a 1914 study that observed metabolic changes in Bacillus anthracis upon exposure to sublethal doses of UV. Frederick Gates, in the late
Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation
Ultraviolet_germicidal_irradiation
Building in Maryland, United States
1954 to 1965, the building was used for production of the bacteria Bacillus anthracis (the cause of anthrax), Francisella tularensis (the cause of tularemia)
Building_470
Technique used in bacteriology
species are the genera Bacillus ( over 100 species) and Clostridium (over 160 species). Bacillus anthracis, which causes anthrax Bacillus cereus – Can cause
Endospore_staining
Bacillus Bacillus anthracis Bacillus brevis Bacillus cereus Bacillus fusiformis Bacillus licheniformis Bacillus megaterium Bacillus mycoides Bacillus
List of clinically important bacteria
List_of_clinically_important_bacteria
Species of bacterium
et al. Nonhemolytic, Nonmotile Gram-Positive Rods Indicative of Bacillus anthracis. Emerg Infect Dis. 9:1013–1015 (2003) Mohammad, Salma Malihah; Mahmud-Ab-Rashid
Priestia_megaterium
Genus of bacteria
(March 2004). "gyrB as a phylogenetic discriminator for members of the Bacillus anthracis–cereus–thuringiensis group". Journal of Microbiological Methods. 56
Metabacillus
Nonprofit genomics research institute
National Science Foundation and the FBI to sequence the strain of Bacillus anthracis used in bioterrorism attacks. In June 2000, Venter founded The Center
J._Craig_Venter_Institute
Tetracycline-class antibiotic
methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections, anthrax caused by Bacillus anthracis infection. When penicillin is contraindicated, doxycycline can be
Doxycycline
Secret Imperial Japanese Army unit
World War II that Unit 100 released horses infected with Glanders. Bacillus anthracis, which causes anthrax Japanese war crimes Unit 731 Second Sino-Japanese
Unit_100
Bacteria that give a positive result in the Gram stain test
coccobacillus), whereas Bacillus and Clostridium produce spores. The spore-forming bacteria can again be divided based on their respiration: Bacillus is a facultative
Gram-positive_bacteria
19th-century scientific rivalry
name given it by Frenchman Davaine, but in one footnote called it "Bacillus anthracis of the Germans". In July 1880 Toussaint reported developing a technique
Koch–Pasteur_rivalry
Textile fiber from the hair of sheep or other mammals
modern disinfection and occupational controls, raw wool could carry Bacillus anthracis spores and transmit the disease historically known as woolsorters'
Wool
Malaysia; stem tissue) Bacillus anthracis strain AIMST Nalbe12 (N. alba; Mount Jerai, Kedah, Malaysia; leaf tissue) Bacillus anthracis strain AIMST Nalme12
List of Nepenthes endophyte species
List_of_Nepenthes_endophyte_species
enzyme is a component of the lethal factor produced by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. The preferred cleavage site can be denoted by BBBBxHxH, in which
Anthrax lethal factor endopeptidase
Anthrax_lethal_factor_endopeptidase
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BACILLUS ANTHRACIS
BACILLUS ANTHRACIS
BACILLUS ANTHRACIS
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BACILLUS ANTHRACIS
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