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Inner-shell electron of an atom
core electrons of an atom form the atomic core. Core electrons are tightly bound to the nucleus. Therefore, unlike valence electrons, core electrons play
Core_electron
Electron in the outer shell of an atom's energy levels
valence electrons and form a negative ion, or else to share valence electrons and form a covalent bond. Similar to a core electron, a valence electron has
Valence_electron
Principle of atomic physics
4s2 3d10, where [Ar] signifies the core electrons whose configuration in zinc is identical to that of argon. Electron behavior is elaborated by other principles
Aufbau_principle
Type of microscope with electrons as a source of illumination
An electron microscope is a microscope that uses a beam of electrons as a source of illumination. It uses electron optics that are analogous to the glass
Electron_microscope
Physical phenomenon
from a different shell of the same atom. When a core electron is removed, leaving a vacancy, an electron from a higher energy level may fall into the vacancy
Auger_effect
Elementary particle with negative charge
shells make up the atomic core. The concept of electrons explains numerous physical phenomena. In metals, the outermost electrons are delocalised and able
Electron
Chemical data page
number of electrons per shell. For phosphorus (element 15) as an example, the concise form is [Ne] 3s2 3p3. Here [Ne] refers to the core electrons which are
Electron configurations of the elements
Electron_configurations_of_the_elements
Function describing an electron in an atom
describing the location and wave-like behavior of an electron in an atom. This function describes an electron's charge distribution around the atom's nucleus
Atomic_orbital
Astrophysical phenomenon
called an electron capture supernova. ... In an electron capture supernova, as the core runs out of fuel, gravity forces electrons in the core into their
Supernova
Computational quantum mechanical modelling method to investigate electronic structure
many-electron Schrödinger equation can be very much simplified if electrons are divided in two groups: valence electrons and inner core electrons. The
Density_functional_theory
Excited atomic quantum state with high principal quantum number (n)
periods and electron wavefunctions that approximate, under some conditions, classical orbits of electrons about the nuclei. The core electrons shield the
Rydberg_atom
Physical model of solid metals as electron gases
nearly free electron model (or NFE model and quasi-free electron model) is a quantum mechanical model of physical properties of electrons that can move
Nearly_free_electron_model
Mode of arrangement of electrons in different shells of an atom
In atomic physics and quantum chemistry, the electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule (or other physical structure)
Electron_configuration
Emission of secondary X-rays from a material excited by high-energy X-rays
which a core electron is excited by an incident X-ray photon and then this excited state decays by emitting an X-ray photon to fill the core hole. The
X-ray_emission_spectroscopy
Atoms with a single valence electron, so they behave like hydrogen
includes a positively charged core consisting of the atomic nucleus and any core electrons, as well as a single valence electron. Because helium is common
Hydrogen-like_atom
scattering (XRS) is non-resonant inelastic scattering of X-rays from core electrons. It is analogous to vibrational Raman scattering, which is a widely
X-ray_Raman_scattering
Changes to stars over their lifespans
mites). When a stellar core collapses, the pressure causes electrons and protons to fuse by electron capture. Without electrons, which keep nuclei apart
Stellar_evolution
Synchrotron radiation-based spectroscopy
monochromator, to a range where core electrons can be excited (0.1-100 keV). The edges are, in part, named by which core electron is excited: the principal
X-ray_absorption_spectroscopy
Change of an electron between energy levels within an atom
Spectroscopy - A high-energy electron beam hits a sample and ejects electrons from the core electron shells of an atom. As electrons fall to lower energy levels
Atomic_electron_transition
Concept in physics
to replace the atomic all-electron potential (full-potential) such that core states are eliminated and the valence electrons are described by pseudo-wavefunctions
Pseudopotential
Tabular arrangement of the chemical elements
energy order for the 55th electron outside the xenon core proceeds as follows in the isoelectronic series of caesium (55 electrons): Cs0: 6s < 6p < 5d < 7s
Periodic_table
Emission of electrons when electromagnetic radiation hits a material
systems with negative electron affinity and the emission from excited states, or a few hundred keV photons for core electrons in elements with a high
Photoelectric_effect
Advanced X-ray spectroscopy technique
promotes a core-electron to an empty valence band state. Subsequently, an electron from a different state decays and annihilates the core-hole. The hole
Resonant inelastic X-ray scattering
Resonant_inelastic_X-ray_scattering
Type of electron microscopy
collecting the emitted secondary electrons generated in the electron cascade that follows the creation of the primary core hole in the absorption process
Photoemission electron microscopy
Photoemission_electron_microscopy
Spectroscopic technique
surface. It belongs to the family of photoemission spectroscopies in which electron population spectra are obtained by irradiating a material with a beam of
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
X-ray_photoelectron_spectroscopy
Quantum number parameterizing spin and angular momentum
core electron angular momentum was not related to the effect as had previously been assumed. Rather he proposed that only the outer "light" electrons
Spin_quantum_number
Principal energy levels in atomic physics
related to Electron shell diagrams. Periodic table (electron configurations) Electron counting 18-electron rule Core charge Re: Why do electron shells have
Electron_shell
Analytical technique used specifically in the study of surfaces
a core state electron can be removed leaving behind a hole. As this is an unstable state, the core hole can be filled by an outer shell electron, whereby
Auger_electron_spectroscopy
Bending of electron beams due to electrostatic interactions with matter
the electrons. The negatively charged electrons are scattered due to Coulomb forces when they interact with both the positively charged atomic core and
Electron_diffraction
Set of functions used to represent the electronic wave function
that describe core electron correlation. These core-valence sets (cc-pCVXZ) can be used to approach the exact solution to the all-electron problem, and
Basis_set_(chemistry)
Semiempirical quantum chemistry method
of 1.75. In the extended Hückel method, only valence electrons are considered; the core electron energies and functions are supposed to be more or less
Extended_Hückel_method
Weak, attractive magnetism possessed by most elements and some compounds
sign due to all the core electrons of the atoms. Stronger forms of magnetism usually require localized rather than itinerant electrons. However, in some
Paramagnetism
Method in physics
materials. It typically goes along with the treatment of both valence and core electrons on the same footing in the context of DFT and the treatment of the full
Linearized augmented-plane-wave method
Linearized_augmented-plane-wave_method
Variant of electron microscopy
Immune electron microscopy (more often called immunoelectron microscopy) is the equivalent of immunofluorescence, but it uses electron microscopy rather
Immune_electron_microscopy
Rate of travel of electric energy
electrons are a small fraction of the total electrons in a metal: most of the electrons are core electrons bound to the positive nuclei of the metal and
Speed_of_electricity
Development framework built on Chromium
Electron (formerly known as Atom Shell) is a free and open-source software framework developed and maintained by OpenJS Foundation. The framework is designed
Electron_(software_framework)
Two-stage small launch vehicle, 200-300 kg to LEO
Electron is a two-stage, expendable orbital launch vehicle developed by Rocket Lab, a publicly traded aerospace manufacturer and launch service provider
Rocket_Lab_Electron
Chemical element with atomic number 118 (Og)
structure in the nucleus and electron cloud of oganesson is strongly impacted by relativistic effects: the valence and core electron subshells in oganesson
Oganesson
Smallest unit of a chemical element
generally neutrons, surrounded by an electromagnetically bound swarm of electrons. The chemical elements are distinguished from each other by the number
Atom
Subfield of physics
mechanical domain, where core electrons - not just valence electrons - determine material properties and gives rise to core-electron-chemistry and a new structural
High_energy_density_physics
Free-energy relationship in organic chemistry
developed.[vague][non-primary source needed][non-primary source needed] Core-electron binding energy (CEBE) shifts correlate linearly with the Hammett substituent
Hammett_equation
Range of frequencies or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation
frequency, so gamma ray photons have the highest energy (around a billion electron volts), while radio wave photons have very low energy (around a femtoelectronvolt)
Electromagnetic_spectrum
Laser using electron beam in vacuum as gain medium
A free-electron laser (FEL) is a fourth generation light source producing extremely brilliant and short pulses of radiation. An FEL functions much as a
Free-electron_laser
Topics referred to by the same term
property core (IP core), is a unit of design in ASIC/FPGA electronics and IC manufacturing Atomic core, an atom with no valence electrons Lithic core, in archaeology
Core
Reluctance of s-orbitals to take part in bond formation
Inert Pair of Electrons ..... under some conditions the first two valency electrons of an element could become more like core electrons, and refuse either
Inert-pair_effect
Group of chemical elements
modern 18-column periodic table, the d electrons of zinc, cadmium, and (almost always) mercury behave as core electrons and do not take part in bonding. This
Group_12_element
Two electrons that occupy the same molecular orbital but have opposite spins
pair of valence electrons. They also fill the core levels of an atom. Because the spins are paired, the magnetic moment of the electrons cancel one another
Electron_pair
Repulsive force in quantum mechanics
positive ion cores are attracted to the negatively charged electron gas. This force is balanced by the electron degeneracy pressure. Electrons are members
Electron_degeneracy_pressure
Maximum mass of a stable white dwarf star
pressure. The Chandrasekhar limit is the mass above which electron degeneracy pressure in the star's core is insufficient to balance the star's own gravitational
Chandrasekhar_limit
been observed by electron ionization at 42.04 eV. Ion impact by high energy H+, He+ and Ne+ ions has also been used. If a core electron is missing, a positive
Autoionization
Measure of the scattering amplitude of a wave by an isolated atom
neutron-magnetic scattering is only from the outer electrons, rather than being heavily weighted by the core electrons, which is the case for X-ray scattering.
Atomic_form_factor
(May 1965). "Electron and hole mobilities in inversion layers on thermally oxidized silicon surfaces". IEEE Transactions on Electron Devices. 12 (5):
List of semiconductor scale examples
List_of_semiconductor_scale_examples
Type of dense exotic matter in physics
include electrons in metals and in white dwarf stars and neutrons in neutron stars. The electrons are confined by Coulomb attraction to positive ion cores; the
Degenerate_matter
Vacuum tube used to display images
cathode ray tube (CRT) is a vacuum tube containing one or more electron guns, which emit electron beams, which are directed and controlled to display images
Cathode_ray_tube
Personal computer sold in Britain
Retrieved 31 March 2019. "ElectronFPGA". GitHub. – Acorn Electron core for the Papilio Duo "Acorn-Electron". – Acorn Electron core for the FPGA Arcade "Replay"
Acorn_Electron
Elementary particle with extremely low mass
matter densities at the core become so high (1017 kg/m3) that the degeneracy of electrons is not enough to prevent protons and electrons from combining to form
Neutrino
Chemical compound
proposal is that polarisation of the electron core of the strontium atom causes a distortion of the core electron density that interacts with the Sr-Cl
Strontium_chloride
Form of microscopy using an electron beam
Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) is a form of electron microscopy in which a material is exposed to a beam of electrons with a known, narrow range
Electron energy loss spectroscopy
Electron_energy_loss_spectroscopy
Quasiparticle
section recent work by Langreth [29] shows that vertex corrections in the core electron problem can have a quite large effect on the form of satellite structures
Plasmaron
American-Armenian Materials Scientist
6816 (2016) Probing core-electron orbitals by scanning transmission electron microscopy and measuring the delocalization of core-level excitations; J
K._Andre_Mkhoyan
Examining a substance by measuring electrons emitted in the photoelectric effect
atomic core electrons, primarily in solids. Siegbahn referred to the technique as "electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis" (ESCA), since the core levels
Photoemission_spectroscopy
Physical model of solid metals as electron gases
known as the uniform electron gas (UEG) or homogeneous electron gas (HEG), is a quantum mechanical model of interacting free electrons in a solid where the
Jellium
Production of light due to absorption of high-energy photons or particles
effect, where the photons are fully absorbed by bound electrons in the material, usually core electrons in the K- or L-shell of the atom, and then ejected
Scintillation_(physics)
Japanese semiconductor equipment manufacturer
Tokyo Electron Limited (Japanese: 東京エレクトロン株式会社, Hepburn: Tokyo Erekutoron Kabushiki-gaisha), or TEL, is a Japanese electronics and semiconductor company
Tokyo_Electron
Radioisotope of iodine
conversion to emit an electron. The electron vacancy from internal conversion results in a cascade of electron relaxation as the core electron hole moves toward
Iodine-125
Italian physicist (born 1906, disappeared 1938)
context of this model that gave a good account of experimentally-observed core electron energies of gadolinium and uranium, and of the fine structure splitting
Ettore_Majorana
Decrease in attraction between an electron and the nucleus
screening effect or electron shielding describes the attraction between an electron and the nucleus in any atom with more than one electron. The shielding
Shielding_effect
Explosion of a star 8 to 45 times the mass of the Sun
largely by electron degeneracy pressure. When the compacted mass of the inert core exceeds the Chandrasekhar limit of about 1.4 M☉, electron degeneracy
Type_II_supernova
Central region of the Sun
15,000,000 K (27,000,000 °F; 15,000,000 °C). The core is made of hot, dense plasma (ions and electrons), at a pressure estimated at 26.5 million gigapascals
Solar_core
Electric charge which is not an integer multiple of elementary charge
bonding contributions spectroscopically measured properties, such as core-electron binding energy shifts the relationship of atomic charges to melting
Partial_charge
in LDCVs. LDCVs have an electron dense core which appears as a black circle in micrographs obtained with transmission electron microscopy. Edwards, Robert
Large_dense_core_vesicles
Describes the range of energies of an electron within the solid
range of energy. For example, the bands associated with core orbitals (such as 1s electrons) are extremely narrow due to the small overlap between adjacent
Electronic_band_structure
Chemical element with atomic number 15 (P)
configuration 1s22s22p63s23p3, often simplified as [Ne]3s23p3, omitting the core electrons which have a configuration equivalent to the noble gas of the preceding
Phosphorus
Organophosphorus compound
carbazolylvinylnaphthalimides bound to a core phosphorus. Phosphorus (V) porphyrins are particularly good electron carriers in redox reactions because of
Phosphorus_porphyrin
Magnetic property of ordinary materials
many metals including copper, particularly the heavy ones with many core electrons, such as mercury, gold and bismuth. The magnetic susceptibility values
Diamagnetism
Concept in condensed matter physics
theoretical approach to calculate the effects of electric field screening by electrons in a solid. It is a special case of the more general Lindhard theory;
Thomas–Fermi_screening
enriched with one electron, therefore k = + 1 {\displaystyle k=+1} ) one electron from a core orbital to a virtual orbital, and one electron from an active
N-electron valence state perturbation theory
N-electron_valence_state_perturbation_theory
Semiconductor analysis technique
Electron-beam-induced current (EBIC) is a semiconductor analysis technique performed in a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or scanning transmission
Electron_beam-induced_current
Stellar core remnant
"Evolution of 8–10 solar mass stars toward electron capture supernovae. I—Formation of electron-degenerate O + NE + MG cores". The Astrophysical Journal. 277:
White_dwarf
experiments that low energy electrons do affect constituents of DNA effectively. Furthermore, ICD was reported after core-electron excitations of hydroxide
Interatomic_Coulombic_decay
Index of chemical compounds with the same name
Chen; Yuanhui Sun; Dadong Yan; Maosheng Miao (2022). "Prediction of Core Electron Reactivity and High Oxidation States in Radium under High Pressure"
Hexafluoride
Chemical entity capable of donating electrons to another entity
an electron donor is a chemical entity that transfers electrons to another compound. It is a reducing agent that, by virtue of its donating electrons, is
Electron_donor
Emission of electrons induced by an electrostatic field
Field electron emission, also known as field-induced electron emission, field emission (FE) and electron field emission, is the emission of electrons from
Field_electron_emission
Open-source framework for cross-platform apps
a more lightweight alternative to similar existing frameworks such as Electron. Tauri is governed by the Tauri Foundation within the Dutch non-profit
Tauri_(software_framework)
Quantity in solid-state physics
In solid-state physics, the electron mobility characterizes how quickly an electron can move through a metal or semiconductor when pushed or pulled by
Electron_mobility
Specific genus of RNA viruses
rotavirus was discovered in 1973 by Ruth Bishop and her colleagues by electron micrograph images and accounts for about one-third of hospitalisations
Rotavirus
the core lie within the bandgap of the shell, which confines both electrons and holes in the core. This can be seen in figure X, where the electron and
Core–shell semiconductor nanocrystal
Core–shell_semiconductor_nanocrystal
Experimental physics device
capable of producing a plasma current of 45 kiloamperes and can produce a core electron plasma temperature of 300 eV. Four sets of independent coils are necessary
Enormous Toroidal Plasma Device
Enormous_Toroidal_Plasma_Device
Type of X-ray absorption spectrometry requiring a synchrotron radiation facility
system is separated into one electron in the core levels of the selected atomic species of the system and N-1 passive electrons. In this approximation the
X-ray absorption near edge structure
X-ray_absorption_near_edge_structure
vanish. Usually, only the valence electrons are treated quantum mechanically, while the role of the core electrons is to reduce the nuclear charge. Semiempirical
NDDO
Ultrafine particles of silver between 1 nm and 100 nm in size
fungus/bacteria is added to solution, protein biomass is released into the solution. Electron donating residues such as tryptophan and tyrosine reduce silver ions in
Silver_nanoparticle
Intentional introduction of impurities into an intrinsic semiconductor
of donors and acceptors are present in the semiconductor, the extra core electrons provided by the former will be used to satisfy the broken bonds due
Doping_(semiconductor)
Rapid oscillations of electron density
waves (eponymously after Irving Langmuir), are rapid oscillations of the electron density in conductive media, most notably plasmas as well as metals, at
Plasma_oscillation
Physics software package
the calculation. Pseudopotentials replace the atomic nucleus and the core electrons by an effective numeric potential. CASTEP is capable of optimising the
CASTEP
Function in computational chemistry
function that describes the electron density in a frontier orbital, as a result of a small change in the total number of electrons. The condensed Fukui function
Fukui_function
Chemical compound
of the electron pair as the main element of chemical bonding models. It can therefore recover Lewis bonding elements such as 1c–2e core electrons and lone
Hexaphosphabenzene
Subfield of materials science
additional common approximation is to use a pseudopotential in place of core electrons, significantly speeding up simulations. This section discusses the two
Computational materials science
Computational_materials_science
Loops of electric current induced within conductors by a changing magnetic field
in accordance with Faraday's law of induction, exerting a force on the electrons in the sheet, causing a counterclockwise circular current I {\displaystyle
Eddy_current
Quantum number denoting orbital angular momentum
a set of quantum numbers that describe the unique quantum state of an electron (the others being the principal quantum number n, the magnetic quantum
Azimuthal_quantum_number
Moldovan-American theoretical physicist
atomic core electrons in electronic structure calculations of atoms. First introduced in 1957, still, decades later, Bersuker's ideas of electron polarization
Isaac_B._Bersuker
CORE ELECTRON
CORE ELECTRON
Surname or Lastname
English (common in the Midlands)
English (common in the Midlands) : from Middle English cope ‘cloak’, ‘cape’ (from Old English cÄp reinforced by the Old Norse cognate kápa), hence a metonymic occupational name for someone who made cloaks or capes, or a nickname for someone who wore a distinctive one. Compare Cape.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : metonymic occupational name for a supplier of red or purple dye or for a dyer of cloth, Middle English cork (of Celtic origin; compare Corkery).
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Corey.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Cork.
Male
English
English name, possibly of Irish Gaelic origin, from a place name COREY means "deep hollow, ravine."
Surname or Lastname
Scottish and Irish
Scottish and Irish : reduced form of McCure, an Anglicized form of Gaelic Mac Ãomhair (see McIver).English : possibly from Middle English cure ‘charge’, ‘care’, ‘concern’.
Male
English
Variant spelling of English Corey, possibly CORI means "deep hollow, ravine."
Female
German
 Variant spelling of German Lora, LORE means "laurel." Compare with another form of Lore.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : unexplained.Southern Italian : from a short form of the personal names Boncore, literally ‘good heart’, a medieval omen name, or Belcore.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : topographic name from Middle English score ‘steep place’ (Old English scoru), or a habitational name from Score in Ilfracombe or Scur Farm in Braunton, Devon.
Male
English
Variant spelling of English Corey, possibly CORIE means "deep hollow, ravine."
Male
Scandinavian
 Variant spelling of Scandinavian Tor, TORE means "Thor" or "thunder." Compare with another form of Tore.
Male
English
Short form of English Isidore, DORE means "gift of Isis."
Surname or Lastname
English
English : habitational name from a place in Gloucestershire named Corse, from Welsh cors ‘marsh’, ‘bog’.Scottish : topographic name from northern Middle English cors, corse ‘cross’, or a habitational name for someone from any of various places, for example in Grampian and Orkney, named with this word.Danish or Dutch : from the personal name Corsse, a variant of Carsten, which was borne by Scandinavian settlers in New Netherland in the 17th century.
Male
English
Variant spelling of English Corey, possibly CORY means "deep hollow, ravine."
Surname or Lastname
French
French : from Old French corne ‘horn’ (Late Latin corna), a derogatory nickname for a cuckold (see Horn 4), or a metonymic occupational name for a hornblower or worker in horn.English : variant spelling of Corn.
Male
Italian
 Italian short form of Latin Salvatore, TORE means "savior." Compare with another form of Tore.
Female
Greek
(ΚόÏη) Greek name KORE means "maiden." In mythology, this is a title belonging to Persephone, a goddess of the underworld.
Female
English
Latin form of Greek Kore, CORA means "maiden." In mythology, this is a name borne by Persephone, a goddess of the underworld.
Surname or Lastname
English
English : variant spelling of Corp.
CORE ELECTRON
CORE ELECTRON
Boy/Male
Indian
Jo kisi se na dare
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian
Sarawasti
Girl/Female
Hebrew
Plant.
Surname or Lastname
English (Lancashire)
English (Lancashire) : habitational name from Pincock in Lancashire.
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Servant of the Forgive
Girl/Female
Indian
Disclosing, Divulging
Girl/Female
Indian
My Beautiful Country
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Fulfill Wish
Girl/Female
Arabic, Finnish, Hindu, Indian, Muslim
Sign; Fasting Woman; Brave Caste of East Haryana
Boy/Male
British, English
Victorious; Talented; Unbeaten
CORE ELECTRON
CORE ELECTRON
CORE ELECTRON
CORE ELECTRON
CORE ELECTRON
n.
See Corf.
v. t.
To preserve and season with salt in grains; to sprinkle with salt; to cure by salting; now, specifically, to salt slightly in brine or otherwise; as, to corn beef; to corn a tongue.
n.
That which cores; an instrument for coring fruit; as, an apple corer.
n.
Care, heed, or attention.
n.
The most important part of a thing; the essence; as, the core of a subject.
v. t.
To render cone-shaped; to bevel like the circular segment of a cone; as, to cone the tires of car wheels.
v. t.
To take out the core or inward parts of; as, to core an apple.
superl.
Severe; afflictive; distressing; as, a sore disease; sore evil or calamity.
v. t.
To convert into coke.
n.
The heart or inner part of a thing, as of a column, wall, rope, of a boil, etc.; especially, the central part of fruit, containing the kernels or seeds; as, the core of an apple or quince.
n.
The center or inner part, as of an open space; as, the core of a square.
v. t.
To feed with corn or (in Sctland) oats; as, to corn horses.
n.
Anything shaped more or less like a mathematical cone; as, a volcanic cone, a collection of scoriae around the crater of a volcano, usually heaped up in a conical form.
n.
Medical or hygienic care; remedial treatment of disease; a method of medical treatment; as, to use the water cure.
v. t.
To furnish or fit with cork; to raise on cork.
v. t.
To form by means of a core, as a hole in a casting.
n.
A Hebrew dry measure; a cor or homer.
imp. & p. p.
of Core
p. p.
of Come
v. t.
To cut in a traingular form; to piece with a gore; to provide with a gore; as, to gore an apron.