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Chemical compound
Cord factor, or trehalose dimycolate (TDM), is a glycolipid molecule found in the cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and similar species. It is the
Cord_factor
Chemical compound
toll-like receptor), NF-KB (NF = nuclear factor), ERK, and DFF45. Cantharidin promotes TNF-α (TNF = tumor necrosis factor), FASL, ROS, caspase-4, caspase-6,
Cantharidin
Toxin produced by a fungus
human urinary tract, although research in humans is limited by confounding factors. Citrinin is a toxin that was first isolated from Penicillium citrinum
Mycotoxin
Toxin harmful to nervous tissue
highly prone to disruption. The nervous tissue found in the brain, spinal cord, and periphery comprises an extraordinarily complex biological system that
Neurotoxin
Poisoning of heart electrophysiology or muscle
and their effects may be dose-dependent and influenced by individual factors such as pre-existing cardiovascular disease and genetic predispositions
Cardiotoxicity
recognition receptor that can recognize glycolipids including mycobacterial cord factor, trehalose-6,6'-dimycolate (TDM). The mincle receptor binds a range of
Mincle_receptor
Group of poisons produced by molds
(ongoing): Nepal and Bangladesh, neonatal exposures, found in umbilical cord blood. 2019 Kenya: five brands of maize flour recalled due to contamination
Aflatoxin
Species of bacterium
Virulence Factors". Frontiers in Microbiology. 8 2485. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2017.02485. ISSN 1664-302X. PMC 5733095. PMID 29312194. Liu, Hualan; McCord, Kristin
Clostridium_perfringens
Type of lectin
5'-AGUACGAGAGGA-3', termed the sarcin-ricin loop, is important in binding elongation factors during protein synthesis. The depurination event rapidly and completely
Ricin
Gill-bearing non-tetrapod aquatic vertebrates
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
Fish
Class of molecules found in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria
outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), which may also contain other virulence factors and proteins. LPS is a major component of the outer cell membrane of Gram-negative
Lipopolysaccharide
Neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum
movement, including cerebral palsy, post-stroke spasticity, post-spinal cord injury spasticity, spasms of the head and neck, eyelid, vagina, limbs, jaw
Botulinum_toxin
Family of amphibians
depends on its species and prey abundance in its location, amongst other factors. Both male and female Dendrobatidae are territorial and display aggressive
Poison_dart_frog
Bacterium that causes tuberculosis
virulence factors. Many secreted and exported proteins are known to be important in pathogenesis. For example, one such virulence factor is cord factor (trehalose
Mycobacterium_tuberculosis
Class of chemical compounds
It may be ingested or injected. Symptoms may vary depending on certain factors such as the size and age of the victim. Other than the first, more benign
Bufotoxin
Part of the vertebral column in animals
The spinal cord is a long, thin, tubular structure made up of nervous tissue that extends from the medulla oblongata in the lower brainstem to the lumbar
Spinal_cord
Family of toxins
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
Amatoxin
Algorithm for computing trigonometric, hyperbolic, logarithmic and exponential functions
including circular CORDIC (Jack E. Volder), linear CORDIC, hyperbolic CORDIC (John Stephen Walther), and generalized hyperbolic CORDIC (GH CORDIC) (Yuanyong Luo
CORDIC
Type of molecules produced by a pathogen that might cause potential harmful effects
Virulence factors (preferably known as pathogenicity factors or effectors in botany) are cellular structures, molecules and regulatory systems that enable
Virulence_factor
Family of related toxins
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
Shiga_toxin
Chemical compound
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
Resiniferatoxin
Foodborne illness
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
Ciguatera_fish_poisoning
Highly modified saliva containing zootoxins
trials showed replacement to silent substitutions in the von Willebrand factor (vWf) gene that encodes for a venom-targeted hemostatic blood protein. These
Snake_venom
Species of endospore forming bacterium
Sporulation and germination in Clostridium botulinum is a major virulence factor, allowing the bacteria to be prevalent in a wide variety of environments
Clostridium_botulinum
Group of chemical compounds
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
Ciguatoxin
Neurotoxin
zombification process is without factual foundation." Genetic background is not a factor in susceptibility to tetrodotoxin poisoning. This toxicosis may be avoided
Tetrodotoxin
Naturally occurring organic poison
low doses, they can be more efficient than chemical agents. Due to these factors, it is vital to raise awareness of the clinical symptoms of biotoxin poisoning
Toxin
Chemical compound
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
Batrachotoxin
Toxins that destroy red blood cells
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
Hemotoxin
Chemical compound
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
Α-Amanitin
Extremely potent neurotoxin
preganglionic sympathetic neurons in the lateral gray matter of the spinal cord and produces sympathetic hyperactivity and high circulating catecholamine
Tetanus_toxin
Chemical compound
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
Satratoxin-H
Paralytic shellfish toxin
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
Saxitoxin
Neurotoxic phospholipase
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
Taipoxin
Chemical compound
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
Orellanine
Toxin from bacteria that destroys or disrupts cells
protein synthesis. An example is Shiga toxin. Other toxins act at elongation factor-2. In the case of the diphtheria toxin, EF2 is ADP-ribosylated and becomes
Exotoxin
Group of neurotoxins in spider venom
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
Latrotoxin
Chemical compound
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
Bufagin
Scorpion neurotoxin
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
BmKAEP
Chemical compound
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
Aflatoxin_B1
Toxic chemical from some poison dart frogs
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
Epibatidine
Velamentous placenta
compression and rupture. The exact cause of velamentous cord insertion is unknown, although risk factors include nulliparity, the use of assisted reproductive
Velamentous_cord_insertion
Chemical compound
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
Muscarine
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
Lq2
Lipid component of lipopolysaccharide endotoxins of gram-negative bacteria
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
Lipid_A
Insecticide
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
Delta_endotoxins
Naturally occurring glutamate receptor agonist neurotoxin
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
Ibotenic_acid
Group of neurotoxins
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
Conotoxin
Neurotoxic protein
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
Volkensin
Tripartite protein complex secreted by virulent strains of Bacillus anthracis
protective antigen (PA), and two enzyme components, called edema factor (EF) and lethal factor (LF). These three protein components act together to impart
Anthrax_toxin
Chemical compound
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
Zearalenone
Exotoxin
of ADP-ribose from NAD to a diphthamide residue of eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF-2). A central translocation domain, known as the T domain or TM domain
Diphtheria_toxin
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
Cardiotoxin_III
Group of chemical compounds
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
Cytochalasin
Protein family
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
Agitoxin
Group of chemical compounds
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
Phallotoxin
Chemical compound (steroidal alkaloid)
that the poison primarily affected the central nervous system and spinal cord. Most studies on samandarin and other samandarine alkaloids were performed
Samandarin
Snake toxin
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
Taicatoxin
Chemical compound
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
Sterigmatocystin
Complication of pregnancy
Umbilical cord prolapse is when the umbilical cord comes out of the uterus with or before the presenting part of the baby. The concern with cord prolapse
Umbilical_cord_prolapse
Chemical compound
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
Samandaridine
Chemical compound
lycoctonine in potency and toxicity: it is less acutely toxic than MLA by a factor of about 4, but its affinity for 125I-α-bungarotoxin binding sites is over
Methyllycaconitine
Snake venom toxin
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
Calcicludine
One of the most toxic plant alkaloids
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
Toxiferine
Chemical compound
immune system. Neural tube defect are abnormalities of the brain and spinal cord in the embryo resulting from failure of the neural tube to close. Epidemiological
Fumonisin_B1
was found with a resolution of 2.0 Å and had an R-factor of 16.5%. For protein data, this R-factor is usually 20%, indicating that the crystal structure
Notexin
Chemical compound
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
3-Nitropropionic_acid
Fungal toxic chemical in grains
and the timing of rainfall, rather than the amount, is the most critical factor. However, increased amount of moisture towards harvest time has been associated
Vomitoxin
Class of bacterial toxins
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
Heat-stable_enterotoxin
Genus of bacteria
cell wall. Majority of strains possess the cord factor (trehalose 6-6' dimycolate), an important virulence factor. They are catalase positive and can grow
Nocardia
Bacteria-produced protein complex and disease agent
be degraded by the proteasome. CTA1 binds to ARF6-GTP (ADP-ribosylation factor 6) in the cytosol, which induces a conformational change that exposes its
Cholera_toxin
Class of neurotoxic proteins
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
Bungarotoxin
Chemical compound
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
Β-Bungarotoxin
Pore-forming toxin produced by the bacteria Staphylococcus
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
Leukocidin
Chemical compound
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
Zeranol
Toxin produced by Staphylococcus aureus
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
Staphylococcus aureus beta toxin
Staphylococcus_aureus_beta_toxin
Neurotoxin from the venom of the Spitting scorpion
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
Birtoxin
Chemical compound
level of the pro-apoptotic factor Bas (Bcl-2-associated X protein) was increased and the level of Bcl-xl, an anti-apoptotic factor, was decreased in human
T-2_mycotoxin
Chemical compound, scorpion neurotoxin
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
Charybdotoxin
Broad-spectrum calcium channel blocker
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
Phoneutria nigriventer toxin-3
Phoneutria_nigriventer_toxin-3
Scorpion toxin
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
Kaliotoxin
Rare type of stroke
anterior two-thirds of spinal cord. Preventions of the disease include decreasing the risk factors and maintaining enough spinal cord perfusion pressure during
Spinal_cord_stroke
Group of chemical compounds
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
Fumonisin
Cyclic peptide part of a group of toxins present in Amanita mushrooms
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
Γ-Amanitin
Chemical compound
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
Dendrotoxin
Superantigen
release of large amounts of interleukin-1, interleukin-2 and tumor necrosis factor. In general, the toxin is not produced by bacteria growing in the blood;
Toxic_shock_syndrome_toxin-1
Group of chemical compounds
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
Histrionicotoxins
Cytotoxin produced by Clostridioides difficile
to Clostridioides difficile Toxin B. The toxins are the main virulence factors produced by the gram positive, anaerobic, Clostridioides difficile bacteria
Clostridioides difficile toxin A
Clostridioides_difficile_toxin_A
Injury to the main nerve bundle in the back of humans
A spinal cord injury (SCI) is damage to the spinal cord that causes temporary or permanent changes in its function. It is a destructive neurological and
Spinal_cord_injury
Protein family
in the host cell through ADP-ribosylation of the eukaryotic elongation factor 2 (eEF2), which is an essential component for protein synthesis. It is slightly
AB_toxin
Chemical compound
carcinoma Hep 3B cells and might involve caspases and apoptosis inducing factor (AIF). The use of bufotalin as a cancer treating compound is still in the
Bufotalin
controls the signaling and creation of cell-associated and secreted virulence factors. Delta toxin is also secreted from S. aureus without a signal peptide,
Staphylococcus aureus delta toxin
Staphylococcus_aureus_delta_toxin
Chemical compound
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
Fumonisin_B2
Chemical compound
configuration. Gliotoxin is suspected to be an important virulence factor (aka pathogenicity factor) in Aspergillus fungus. Gliotoxin possesses immunosuppressive
Gliotoxin
Chemical compound
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
Allopumiliotoxin_267A
the death receptor pathway. Alpha-toxin is also one of the key virulence factors in S. aureus pneumonia. The level of alpha-toxin expressed by a particular
Staphylococcus aureus alpha toxin
Staphylococcus_aureus_alpha_toxin
Toxins that interact with light
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
Phototoxin
Antigen which strongly activates the immune system
functional features of two major families of staphylococcal virulence factors". PLOS Pathogens. 13 (9) e1006549. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1006549. PMC 5589262
Superantigen
Chemical compound
shock syndrome toxin Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B (SEB) Actinomycetota Cord factor Diphtheria toxin Gram negative Shiga toxin/Verotoxin E. coli heat-stable
Vanillotoxin
Group of toxins
NH (2010). "Pertussis toxin and adenylate cyclase toxin: key virulence factors of Bordetella pertussis and cell biology tools". Future Microbiol. 5 (3):
Pertussis_toxin
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