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Element of Mao Zedong Thought
The Continuous Revolution Theory (Chinese: 继续革命论, sometimes also translated as the theory of continuing revolution under the dictatorship of the proletariat)
Continuous_Revolution_Theory
Concept in Marxist theory
Maoist Continuous Revolution Theory.[citation needed] Marx first used the term in the phrase "by substituting permanent war for permanent revolution" in
Permanent_revolution
Social revolution in which the working class attempts to overthrow the bourgeoisie
proletarian revolutions is that the theory does not comply with the historical reality. According to the Marxist theory, the revolution would happen
Proletarian_revolution
Maoist interpretation of international relations
in works by Enver Hoxha, including The Theory and Practice of the Revolution and Imperialism and the Revolution [sq; zh], and were also published in the
Three_Worlds_Theory
Rapid, fundamental political change from a feudal aristocracy to a capitalist democracy
Bourgeois revolution is a term used in Marxist theory to refer to a social revolution that aims to destroy a feudal system or its vestiges, establish
Bourgeois_revolution
Phrase coined by Mao Zedong
Revolution is not a dinner party, or making revolution is not inviting people over for dinner, is a phrase coined by Mao Zedong. It is taken from Mao's
Revolution is not a dinner party
Revolution_is_not_a_dinner_party
Marxist–Leninist theoretical concept
two-stage theory was opposed by the Trotskyist theory of permanent revolution. While the discussion on stagism focuses on the Russian Revolution, Maoist
Two-stage_theory
Zhang Chunqiao Thought and one of the principal documents of the Continuous Revolution Theory. The article harshly criticized what it described as the "bourgeois
On the Abolition of Bourgeois Rights
On_the_Abolition_of_Bourgeois_Rights
Communist ideology
wanted a protracted people's war in India similar to the Chinese Communist Revolution and Majumdar wrote the Historic Eight Documents which became the foundation
Naxalism
Leader of the Indian Maoist movement
Anti-revisionism Both red and expert Capitalist roader Comprador Continuous revolution theory Cultural Revolution Four Olds Hoxhaism Marxism–Leninism Mass line Newborn
Ganapathy_(Maoist)
Unnatural death caused by social, political, or economic factors
contradiction Anti-revisionism Both red and expert Capitalist roader Continuous revolution theory The East wind prevails over the West wind Four Olds Marxism–Leninism–Maoism
Social_murder
Form of public humiliation and torture
rallies or struggle meetings, were public spectacles during the Cultural Revolution and in Maoist China, during which people accused of being "class enemies"
Struggle_session
Social class
cities. Rural peasants came under a different legal system. In Marxist theory, the bourgeoisie and the proletariat form an antagonistic relationship based
Bourgeoisie
Political philosophy
capitalism as humanity's mode of production through revolution by workers. According to Marxian crisis theory, socialism is not an inevitability but an economic
Marxism
Leninist political revolutionary ideology
and apply the philosophic complexities of Marxist theory. Finally, in trying to effect a revolution in Tsarist Imperial Russia (1721–1917), Lenin knew
Vanguardism
Maoist term for return to capitalism
bourgeois forces and subsequently attempts to pull the Chinese Communist Revolution in a capitalist direction. If allowed to do so, these forces would eventually
Capitalist_roader
1957 essay by Mao Zedong
socialist revolution. In contrast, contradictions within the socialist society could be handled by the people within the socialist system on a continuous basis
On the Correct Handling of Contradictions Among the People
On_the_Correct_Handling_of_Contradictions_Among_the_People
1966–1968 social movement in China
factions was the bloodline theory advocated by most conservative Red Guard groups in the early period of the Cultural Revolution. Under this political view
Red_Guards
Pejorative term for reinterpretation of Marxism
refer to different or claimed revisions of Marxist theory. Those who opposed Karl Marx's revolution through his lens of class struggle and sought out non-revolutionary
Revisionism_(Marxism)
Marxist concept of overthrowing capitalism
World revolution is the Marxist concept of overthrowing capitalism in all countries through the conscious revolutionary action of the organized working
World_revolution
Theory of revolution by way of guerrilla warfare
ripe for revolutions to be successful, since the sheer existence of a guerrilla foco would create ripe conditions by itself. Guevara's theory of foco,
Foco
Marxist theory of history and society
social revolutions occurring when the existing relations of production begin to fetter the development of productive forces. While the theory has been
Historical_materialism
Critical term used by Karl Marx to describe crude, forced collectivism
the time. In the ideology of the Soviet Union the term was applied to theories of "some ideologues in China" of the 1950s-1970s. During the Soviet perestroika
Barracks_communism
Economic system based on private ownership
then reinvested into further production in a continuous process of accumulation. In Marxian economic theory, this dynamic is called the law of value. Capital
Capitalism
Class of wage-earners
on 2011-12-10. Retrieved 2011-12-03. 364 Hal Draper, Karl Marx's Theory of Revolution, Vol. 2; The Politics of Social Classes. (New York: Monthly Review
Proletariat
Chinese Communist Party slogan
guns. All things grow out of the barrel of a gun. According to the Marxist theory of the state, the army is the chief component of state power. Whoever wants
Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun
Political_power_grows_out_of_the_barrel_of_a_gun
Fourth wife of Mao Zedong (1914–1991)
The fourth wife of Mao Zedong, she played a major role in the Cultural Revolution and led the Gang of Four. Born to an abusive father and a mother who worked
Jiang_Qing
Series of revolutions occurring in various locations within a similar time span
the revolution Nationalism Revolutionary nationalism Proletarian internationalism Cycle of violence Domino theory Ideocracy Social cycle theory State
Revolutionary_wave
Chinese slogan
should test theory against reality rather than adhere dogmatically to theory. The slogan implies respect for facts and using facts to inform theory and policy
Seek_truth_from_facts
Chinese political faction
speaking, the New Left can be applied to a person who embraces leftist theories, ideals, and traditions rooted in variations of socialist ideology, and
Chinese_New_Left
Leninist description of certain ideologies
Enver Hoxha (1979). "The theory of «three worlds» — a counterrevolutionary chauvinist theory". Imperialism and the Revolution. Tirana: 8 Nëntori. pp. 252–338
Social_imperialism
Maoist military strategy
should not be confused with the "foco" theory employed by Che Guevara and Fidel Castro in the Cuban Revolution of 1959. In its original formulation by
People's_war
Syncretic political ideology
Sapienza University of Rome, took heavy inspiration from the writings and theories of Franco Freda, and advocated for a combination of ideas from both the
Nazi-Maoism
Trotskyist view of state socialist bureaucracy, particularly under Stalin
ownership. The theory that the Soviet Union was a degenerated workers' state is closely connected to Trotsky's call for a political revolution in the Soviet
Degenerated_workers'_state
Peruvian communist ideology
Communist Revolution and the concept of people's war, to which Guzmán granted the category of principle of universal validity, along with Mao's theory of contradictions
Gonzalo_Thought
Alliance of groups against common enemies
communist organization created by communists in the wake of the October Revolution. According to the thesis of the 1922 4th World Congress of the Communist
United_front
Social class
'small bourgeoisie'; also anglicised as petty bourgeoisie) in Marxist theory is a social class composed of small business owners, shopkeepers, small-scale
Petite_bourgeoisie
Maoist political conception of democracy
or the New Democratic Revolution, is a type of democracy in Marxism, based on Mao Zedong's Bloc of Four Social Classes theory in post-revolutionary China
New_Democracy
1951–52 ideological campaign of the Chinese Communist Party
is that of the "New Socialist Man", based on the idea that communist revolution is predicated on "new men with new minds, new ideas, new emotions, and
Thought_reform_in_China
Marxist term to describe a subsection of the underclass
In Marxist theory, the Lumpenproletariat (German: [ˈlʊmpn̩pʁoletaʁi̯ˌaːt] ; /ˌlʌmpənproʊlɪˈtɛəriət/) is the underclass devoid of class consciousness. Karl
Lumpenproletariat
State of affairs in Marxist theory
Macmillan Press. ISBN 978-0-333-25887-3. Draper, Hal (1986). Karl Marx's Theory of Revolution, Volume 3: The "Dictatorship of the Proletariat". New York: Monthly
Dictatorship of the proletariat
Dictatorship_of_the_proletariat
Maoist theory
Probable defeat (Chinese: 可能失败) is a theory of the development of socialism held by Mao Zedong, holding that it is more likely that revisionism will result
Probable_defeat
Communist political ideology
concepts of non-Marxist Third Worldism, namely dependency theory and world-systems theory. Contrary to its name, Maoism–Third Worldism is a movement
Maoism–Third_Worldism
Work of compiled speeches by Mao Zedong
opposed both the overly optimistic view (referred to as the "quick-win theory") that China would receive foreign help to defeat Japan while the Communist
On_Protracted_War
Inputs used in the production of goods and services with economic value
becomes unsustainable, either collapsing or being overthrown in a social revolution, at which point the contradictory relationship between technological advancement
Means_of_production
Philosophical view that matter is the fundamental substance of nature
to the class of monist ontology, and is thus different from ontological theories based on dualism or pluralism. For singular explanations of the phenomenal
Materialism
Reinterpretation of Sun Yat-sen's ideology by the Chinese Communist Party
democracy that utilizes the experience and assistance of the October Revolution to establish a National Revolutionary Army. Through the "Three Great Policies"
New Three Principles of the People
New_Three_Principles_of_the_People
Peruvian Maoist convicted terrorist leader (1934–2021)
in August and September. This placed him in China during the Cultural Revolution, which made a large impression on him. Guzmán was particularly influenced
Abimael_Guzmán
Variety of Marxism–Leninism in China
view of continuous revolution. The theory of cultural revolution - rooted in Marxism-Leninism thought - states that the proletarian revolution and the
Maoism
Political movement in the Philippines
interpreted by the ND as a continuation of struggles since the 1896 Philippine Revolution led by the Katipunan. As a result of sustained economic, political, and
National Democracy (Philippines)
National_Democracy_(Philippines)
Marxist concept for ideological remnants of capitalism
(2025). Writing to the Rhythm of Labor: Cultural Politics of the Chinese Revolution, 1942-1976. New York City, NY: Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-21932-7
Bourgeois_right
Armed wing of the Communist Party of the Philippines
reactionary puppet government" and to aid in the "people's democratic revolution". Founded on March 29, 1969, by the collaboration of Jose Maria Sison
New_People's_Army
Marxist–Leninist political position
Robinson, Thomas W.; Shambaugh, David L. (1995). Chinese Foreign Policy: Theory and Practice. Clarendon Press. pp. 249–254. ISBN 978-0-19-829016-2 – via
Anti-revisionism
Elements of Chinese culture purged during Mao's Cultural Revolution
Guards during the Cultural Revolution to characterize elements of Chinese culture prior to the Chinese Communist Revolution that they were attempting to
Four_Olds
Political party in China
within the Chinese Communist Party" by initiating a "second socialist revolution" to re-establish the dictatorship of the proletariat. The ultimate objective
Maoist Communist Party of China
Maoist_Communist_Party_of_China
Political terminology and perspective
communists seek to overthrow thus Engels claims that communists must continuously struggle against them. Right-wing socialism is used as a pejorative term
Bourgeois_socialism
Turkish Marxist-Leninist militant (1949–1973)
the U.S. Navy. Kaypakkaya, who adopted the view of National Democratic Revolution, worked for the newspaper İşçi Köylü ("Worker-Peasant"). He wrote articles
İbrahim_Kaypakkaya
Body of Marxist thought, prominent until World War I
Orthodox Marxism aimed to simplify, codify and systematize Marxist method and theory by clarifying perceived ambiguities and contradictions in classical Marxism
Orthodox_Marxism
Designation for political opponents of ruling power
enemy". The words ennemi du peuple were used extensively during the French Revolution. On 25 December 1793 Robespierre stated: "The revolutionary government
Enemy_of_the_people
1937 philosophical work by Mao Zedong
Oppose Book Worship. The text begins with Mao's emphasis on practice over theory, and states, "Marxists hold that man's social practice alone is the criterion
On_Practice
Transformation of goods, services, ideas and people into commodities or objects of trade
commodities, Appadurai 1986, pp. 84–85; David Hawkes, Shakespeare and Economic Theory, Bloomsbury Publishing, 2015, p. 130. For body commodification, Lesley A
Commodification
Nationalism of the ruling class under capitalism
In Marxist theory, bourgeois nationalism is the ideology of the ruling capitalist class which aims to overcome class antagonism between proletariat and
Bourgeois_nationalism
Ownership or control of an economy by a government
capitalism. There are various theories and critiques of state capitalism, some of which existed before the Russian October Revolution of 1917. The common themes
State_capitalism
Mass uprising in Pakistan
The 1968-69 revolution in Pakistan was part of the protest against the Government of President Ayub Khan. It took the form of a mass uprising of students
1968–69_Pakistan_revolution
Regaining positive political reputation
rehabilitated include Deng Xiaoping who fell into disgrace during the Cultural Revolution for being a "third roader" but was rehabilitated subsequently and became
Political_rehabilitation
Marxist theory of the origin of capitalism
especially his analysis of colonialism and the theories of Wakefield, suggest that primitive accumulation is a continuous process. Perelman argues for this latter
Primitive_accumulation
Libertarian Maoist ideology
by two political organisations: the Proletarian Left (GP) and Vive la Révolution (VLR). The movement effectively dissolved following the murder of Pierre
Mao-spontex
Directives of the (usually communist) party in Marxist-Leninist states
contradiction Anti-revisionism Both red and expert Capitalist roader Continuous revolution theory The East wind prevails over the West wind Four Olds Marxism–Leninism–Maoism
General_line_of_the_party
French philosopher (born 1937)
philosophical applications of mathematics, in particular set theory and category theory. Badiou's "Being and Event" project considers the concepts of
Alain_Badiou
International Maoist organization
critical Maoist concepts, such as the mass line and the theory of the new democratic revolution, alongside a focus on Eurocentrism, detracts from the effectiveness
Revolutionary Internationalist Movement
Revolutionary_Internationalist_Movement
Polemic term for the ruling class of Soviet-type states
he believed should be corrected through revolution. Đilas completed his primary work on his new class theory in the mid-1950s. While Đilas was in prison
New_class
Maoist organizational method
leadership, and organizational theory, which has been applied by many communists subsequent to the Chinese Communist Revolution: from Che Guevara in Latin
Mass_line
Diverse left-wing political movement in the 1970s and 1980s
Marxist–Leninists and Maoists inspired by Cuban, Chinese, and Vietnamese revolutions. This movement emphasized opposition to racism and sexism, solidarity
New_Communist_movement
Communist political system
contradiction Anti-revisionism Both red and expert Capitalist roader Continuous revolution theory The East wind prevails over the West wind Four Olds Marxism–Leninism–Maoism
People's_Multiparty_Democracy
Chinese former politician (born 1949)
while launching a crackdown on organized crime and promoting Cultural Revolution–style "red culture." His "Chongqing model" gained popularity among the
Bo_Xilai
Systems of organizing production and distribution within capitalist societies
technology, began to grow rapidly in Western Europe from the Industrial Revolution, later extending to most of the world. The capitalist mode of production
Capitalist_mode_of_production
Political theory
Trotskyism in his popular 1967 work Révolution dans la Révolution? (Revolution in the Revolution?). Within the theory of dual-power, according to Debray
Dual_power
Soviet-type economic planning enforced by the ruling communist parties
Alternative in Eastern Europe, Note 3, p. 190. Sebestyen, Victor (2010). Revolution 1989: The Fall of the Soviet Empire. Phoenix. ISBN 978-0-7538-2709-3.
Real_socialism
Communist political ideology
bourgeois-democratic revolution is at a sufficiently advanced stage) for an outright dictatorship of the proletariat.[citation needed] Building on the theory of the
Marxism–Leninism–Maoism
Political party in the Philippines
Stalin, and Mao Zedong. It assists the progress of theory and practice in the world proletarian revolution that is guided by Marxism–Leninism–Maoism (Preamble
Communist Party of the Philippines
Communist_Party_of_the_Philippines
Strategically important sectors of the economy
In Marxist-Leninist theory, the commanding heights of the economy are certain strategically important economic sectors. Some examples of industries considered
Commanding heights of the economy
Commanding_heights_of_the_economy
Far-left political party in Australia
Anti-revisionism Both red and expert Capitalist roader Comprador Continuous revolution theory Cultural Revolution Four Olds Hoxhaism Marxism–Leninism Mass line Newborn
Communist Party of Australia (Marxist–Leninist)
Communist_Party_of_Australia_(Marxist–Leninist)
Five volume collection of the written works of Mao Zedong
Communist Party of India (Maoist). During the ten years of the Cultural Revolution (1966–1976), the People's Publishing House published 870 different editions
Selected Works of Mao Tse-Tung
Selected_Works_of_Mao_Tse-Tung
French Marxian economist and historian
to study new methods of industrial development created by the Cultural Revolution. Bettelheim was impressed by the implementation of the Angang Constitution
Charles_Bettelheim
Chinese marshal and politician (1907–1971)
world". Eventually the "cities" would be encircled by revolutions in the "rural areas", following theories prevalent in Mao Zedong Thought. Lin made no promise
Lin_Biao
Underground communist party in Afghanistan
together to form the first communist organization to work for the goal of revolution in Afghanistan. Akram Yari, a Maoist, was the leader of one these circles
Communist (Maoist) Party of Afghanistan
Communist_(Maoist)_Party_of_Afghanistan
Coalition of different political groupings
wake of the 1917 Bolshevik Revolution, went through a number of ideological strategies to advance proletarian revolution. Its 1922 congress called for
Popular_front
Maoist military strategy
laws. Goodman, David S. G. (2000). "Revolutionary Women and Women in the Revolution: The Chinese Communist Party and Women in the War of Resistance to Japan
Revolutionary_base_area
Chinese professor of Language and Literature (born 1959)
Partly, this is because we have no wish to be associated with the Cultural Revolution or, for that matter, with what might be called the 'Old Left' of the reform-era
Wang_Hui_(intellectual)
Medium for protest and propaganda in China
almost all the subsequent political campaigns, culminating in the Cultural Revolution. Though the right to write big-character posters was deleted from the
Big-character_poster
1937 essay by Mao Zedong
and inherently lead to class conflict, economic crisis, and eventually revolution, the existing order's overthrow and the formerly oppressed classes' ascension
On_Contradiction
State-sponsored veneration of Hua Guofeng, considered a failed cult
planning mechanisms, though it retained some elements of Mao's continuous revolution theory. Hua Guofeng attempted to establish a cult of personality by
Hua Guofeng's cult of personality
Hua_Guofeng's_cult_of_personality
Economic concept
Proudhon. A much more detailed analysis is presented in the volumes of Theories of Surplus Value and Das Kapital. Marx explains the origin of surplus labour
Surplus_labour
Communist term for social democracy in early 1930s
working class revolution, was expected and social democracy was identified as the main enemy of the Communists. The Comintern's theory had roots in Grigory
Social_fascism
Chinese politician (1931–2005)
critic, politician, and member of the Gang of Four during China's Cultural Revolution. Yao Wenyuan was born in Zhuji, Zhejiang, to an intellectual family. His
Yao_Wenyuan
Political party in the United States
Party. Mao and the Cultural Revolution are given positive assessments but the Congress officially declares the Cultural Revolution ended. That same month,
Communist Party (Marxist–Leninist) (United States)
Communist_Party_(Marxist–Leninist)_(United_States)
Marxian economy centered around use value, planning and contribution-based distribution
from capitalism in the schema of historical materialism within Marxist theory. Communist states that claimed to have established socialist material relations
Socialist_mode_of_production
Political documents
Present Situation 1965 (2nd document) - Make the People's Democratic Revolution Successful by Fighting Against Revisionism 9 April 1965 (3rd document)
Historic_Eight_Documents
Theme within Marxism
perspective rather than a bourgeois nationalist perspective. After the Russian Revolution, revolutionaries declared that all peoples had the right to self-determination
National_liberation_(Marxism)
Component of Stalinism
infiltrate the party. A variation of the theory was also adopted by Mao Zedong in China as the Continuous Revolution theory. Vladimir Lenin believed that the
Intensification of the class struggle under socialism
Intensification_of_the_class_struggle_under_socialism
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CONTINUOUS REVOLUTION-THEORY
CONTINUOUS REVOLUTION-THEORY
Boy/Male
Tamil
Revolution
Male
Chinese
revolution.
Boy/Male
Hindu
Revolution
Boy/Male
Tamil
Continuous
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu
Continuous Flow
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Marathi
Continuous Extended
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Continuous
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Telugu
Continuous
Boy/Male
Tamil
Continuous
Boy/Male
Hindu
Continuous
Boy/Male
Tamil
Continuous
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Continuous
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian
Continuous
Boy/Male
Indian, Tamil
Revolution
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Punjabi, Sikh, Telugu
Revolution
Boy/Male
Hindu, Indian, Telugu
Revolution
Boy/Male
Bengali, Indian
Revolution
Girl/Female
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sindhi, Telugu, Traditional
Revolution
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Marathi, Sanskrit
Continuous; Ongoing
Boy/Male
Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit
Revolution
CONTINUOUS REVOLUTION-THEORY
CONTINUOUS REVOLUTION-THEORY
CONTINUOUS REVOLUTION-THEORY
CONTINUOUS REVOLUTION-THEORY
CONTINUOUS REVOLUTION-THEORY
CONTINUOUS REVOLUTION-THEORY
CONTINUOUS REVOLUTION-THEORY
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