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Transformation of goods, services, ideas and people into commodities or objects of trade
Commodification is the process of transforming inalienable, free, or gifted things (objects, services, ideas, nature, personal information, people) into
Commodification
Cultural tourism issue
Heritage commodification is the process by which cultural themes and expressions come to be evaluated primarily in terms of their exchange value, specifically
Heritage_commodification
The commodification of nature is an area of research within critical environmental studies that is concerned with the ways in which natural entities and
Commodification_of_nature
GIRLS®: Generation Z and the Commodification of Everything is a 2026 book by Freya India which examines the commodification of Gen-Z women through shifts
GIRLS®: Generation Z and the Commodification of Everything
GIRLS®:_Generation_Z_and_the_Commodification_of_Everything
Process of turning water into a tradable commodity
The commodification of water refers to the process of turning water, especially freshwater, from a public good[clarification needed] into a tradable commodity
Commodification_of_water
Legal status as property of most non-human animals
and at other times not subsist." The commodification of animals is one of the earliest forms of commodification, which can be traced back to the time
Commodity_status_of_animals
Process where unique economic goods become interchangeable in the eyes of consumers
they will tend to buy the cheapest. This is not to be confused with commodification, which is the concept of objects or services being assigned an exchange
Commoditization
Housing in the United States comes in a variety of forms and tenures. The rate of homeownership in the United States, as measured by the fraction of units
Housing_in_the_United_States
Theory in anthropology
Economic, applied, and development anthropology Basic concepts Barter Commodification Cultural capital Debt Embeddedness Finance Gift economy Inalienable
Original_affluent_society
Person without fixed habitat
Economic, applied, and development anthropology Basic concepts Barter Commodification Cultural capital Debt Embeddedness Finance Gift economy Inalienable
Nomad
Effects of tourism on the environment. destination communities, and economy
authors argue that commodification is inevitable. There are both positive and negative sociocultural impacts of commodification on a culture. One positive
Impacts_of_tourism
1944 book by Karl Polanyi
Economic, applied, and development anthropology Basic concepts Barter Commodification Cultural capital Debt Embeddedness Finance Gift economy Inalienable
The Great Transformation (book)
The_Great_Transformation_(book)
Branch of agriculture concerned with raising livestock
Economic, applied, and development anthropology Basic concepts Barter Commodification Cultural capital Debt Embeddedness Finance Gift economy Inalienable
Pastoralism
2020 American TV docuseries
Cheer is an American sport television docuseries airing on Netflix starting in January 2020. The six-part series follows the nationally ranked forty-member
Cheer_(TV_series)
Gift-giving festival and economic system
Economic, applied, and development anthropology Basic concepts Barter Commodification Cultural capital Debt Embeddedness Finance Gift economy Inalienable
Potlatch
Concept in economics
become destabilised." Polanyi's insight follows the Marxian notions of "commodification" and "Commodity fetishism." Fetishism in anthropology refers to the
Fictitious_commodities
Art movement
matter no longer held traction. Conceptual art also reacted against the commodification of art; it attempted a subversion of the gallery or museum as the location
Conceptual_art
Book by McKenzie Wark
critical manifesto written by McKenzie Wark, which criticizes the commodification of information in the age of digital culture and globalization. It
A_Hacker_Manifesto
Concept in political economics
in political economics which denotes the widespread collection and commodification of personal data by corporations. This phenomenon is distinct from
Surveillance_capitalism
American YouTube streamer (born 1979)
Blavity. Retrieved May 11, 2024. Francombe, Amy (August 25, 2023). "The Commodification of Hating Men". Vice. Retrieved May 11, 2024. "Read these two books"
SheraSeven
Design aesthetic
Vox. Retrieved July 2, 2025. "Global Village Coffeehouse and the Commodification of Cultural Symbols". Grafis Masa Kini. July 11, 2025. Retrieved November
Global_Village_Coffeehouse
2nd episode of the 1st series of Black Mirror
figures. The episode's ambiguous ending led to discussion about the commodification of dissent. The visual style and music of the episode were praised
Fifteen_Million_Merits
Famine in India under Crown rule
vulnerable. The cultivation of alternate cash crops, in addition to the commodification of grain, played a significant role in the events. The famine occurred
Great_Famine_of_1876–1878
1973 fantasy novel by Michael Ende
FANTASY NOVEL MOMO". Focus on German Studies. 19. "Momo, Dogen. and the Commodification of Time". buddhism.lib.ntu.edu.tw. Retrieved 10 July 2017. "Michael
Momo_(novel)
Imposition of an undesirable or unpleasant outcome
Punishment is the imposition of an undesirable or unpleasant outcome upon an individual or group, as a response for breaking some norm or rule. The term
Punishment
American philosopher (1960-)
contemporary life, such as class oppression, globalization and the commodification of services (or production of affects), have the potential to spark
Michael_Hardt
1925 essay by Marcel Mauss
Economic, applied, and development anthropology Basic concepts Barter Commodification Cultural capital Debt Embeddedness Finance Gift economy Inalienable
The_Gift_(essay)
Prehistoric and historic currency using sea shells
Economic, applied, and development anthropology Basic concepts Barter Commodification Cultural capital Debt Embeddedness Finance Gift economy Inalienable
Shell_money
Fungible item produced to satisfy wants or needs
carrying premium profit margins for market participants to a status of commodification. There is a spectrum of commoditization, rather than a binary distinction
Commodity
organs themselves". "Organ gifting" is proposed to contrast with organ commodification. The maintenance of a spirit of altruism in this context has been interpreted
Organ_gifting
2023 novel by Nana Kwame Adjei-Brenyah
Adjei-Brenyah critiques the carceral system, capitalist society, and commodification of human suffering. Chain Gang All Stars is a work of speculative fiction
Chain-Gang_All-Stars
Concept of commodification of art
perpetuated through the proliferation of comforts, consumerism, and commodification; where the concept of repressive desublimation highlights the desire-production
Repressive_desublimation
African-American sex slaves
ISBN 978-0393314816. Gordon, Tiye (2015). "The Fancy Trade and the Commodification of Rape in the Sexual Economy of 19th Century U.S. Slavery". University
Fancy_girl
Indian folklore clan
Superintendent, Government Press – via Google Books. Brand Kerala: Commodification of Open-Source Ayurveda (Ezhava/Thiyya medicinal tradition). The History
Odiyan_clan
1995 book by Deborah Root
Cannibal Culture: Art, Appropriation and the Commodification of Difference (ISBN 0-8133-2089-5) is a book by Deborah Root, published in 1995 by Westview
Cannibal_Culture
Economic system based on private ownership
property, profit motive, capital accumulation, competitive markets, commodification, wage labor, and an emphasis on innovation and economic growth. Capitalist
Capitalism
Unnatural death caused by social, political, or economic factors
right Bourgeois socialism Capitalist mode of production Class struggle Commodification Dialectics Dictatorship of the proletariat Historical materialism Imperialism
Social_murder
Cat-related economic consumption in Japan
Jafet Quintero Venegas; Carol Kline (2023). Tourism, Heritage and Commodification of Non-human Animals: A Posthumanist Reflection. CABI. doi:10.1079/9781800623309
Nekonomics
Native American narrative art
Ledger art is narrative drawing or painting on paper or cloth, predominantly practiced by Plains Indians but also from the Indigenous peoples of the Plateau
Ledger_art
View that capital exists in nature as "natural capital"
eco-capitalism, such as eco-socialists, view continued economic growth and commodification of nature as an inevitability in capitalism, and thus criticize bright-green
Eco-capitalism
Proportion of worth at which a commodity can be traded for other commodities
too much risk of a type that would undermine the business. Thus, the commodification of a good or service often involves a considerable practical accomplishment
Exchange_value
School of Marxism aligned with humanist philosophies
Marxist humanism is a philosophical and political movement that interprets Karl Marx's works through a humanist lens, focusing on human nature and the
Marxist_humanism
City and county in California, US
thousand; and by 1999, there were more than thirty thousand." The commodification of the Castro District has contributed to San Francisco's tourist economy
San_Francisco
Khoikhoi woman (c. 1789–1815)
been called the epitome of racist colonial exploitation, and of the commodification and dehumanization of African people. No contemporary record of Baartman's
Sarah_Baartman
Adult with childlike interests
childlikeness. Karen Brooks has written about what she calls the "commodification of youth": entertainers sell "the teen spirit" to adults who in the
Kidult
Israeli sociologist
Illouz’ first book, Consuming the Romantic Utopia, addresses the commodification of romance and the romanticization of commodities. Looking at a wide
Eva_Illouz
Fashion that does not conform to mainstream styles
the alternative fashion market. This change in the availability and commodification of alternative fashions has encouraged much broader use of styles in
Alternative_fashion
Ethno-cultural region in Asia
(November 2008). "Yartsa Gunbu (Cordyceps sinensis) and the Fungal Commodification of Tibet's Rural Economy". Economic Botany. 62 (3): 291–305. Bibcode:2008EcBot
Tibet
1998 housing reforms in China
direction was determined to be the marketization, monetization and commodification of urban housing. In particular, in conjunction with the tax-sharing
Urban_housing_system_reform
Social networking services where hosts do not receive payments
sorts. It was featured as a means to achieve a cosmopolitan utopia. Commodification of CouchSurfing terminated "the existence of a project run as a flourishing
Hospitality_exchange_service
Economic, applied, and development anthropology Basic concepts Barter Commodification Cultural capital Debt Embeddedness Finance Gift economy Inalienable
Peasant_economics
People employed to exhume bodies during the 18th and 19th centuries
commonplace by the 1720s and that fresh corpses had likely undergone commodification, probably as a direct result of the lack of legally available bodies
Resurrectionists in the United Kingdom
Resurrectionists_in_the_United_Kingdom
Exchange of goods or labour
Economic, applied, and development anthropology Basic concepts Barter Commodification Cultural capital Debt Embeddedness Finance Gift economy Inalienable
Reciprocity (cultural anthropology)
Reciprocity_(cultural_anthropology)
Beauty contest featuring children as contestants
A child beauty pageant is a controversial beauty contest featuring contestants under 18 years of age. Competition categories may include talent, interview
Child_beauty_pageant
Domesticated species of canid
Retrieved 22 April 2024. Lisa Jackson-Schebetta (2009). "Mythologies and Commodifications of Dominion in The Dog Whisperer with Cesar Millan" (PDF). Journal
Dog
2026 single by Melanie Martinez
to Christopher Gona of V13, "Disney Princess" critiques society's commodification of women and presents the idea of "selling [one's] soul" as something
Disney_Princess_(song)
Systematic, institutionalized exploitation of animals
commodification of nonhuman animals. In the book Education for Total Liberation, Meneka Repka cites Barbara Noski as saying that the commodification of
Animal–industrial_complex
Retrieved 28 July 2016. Walker, Susannah (2000). "Black Is Profitable: The Commodification of the Afro, 1960—1975". Enterprise & Society. 1 (3): 536–564. doi:10
1970s_in_fashion
Water sold as a bottled product
has analyzed the commodification of bottled water through the corporate and cultural branding of nature, and how this commodification has added to the
Bottled_water
1968 science fiction novel by Philip K. Dick
struggle for a different way of being in the world. This way resists commodification in our relations with one another and with nature to produce a better
Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?
Do_Androids_Dream_of_Electric_Sheep?
Folk dance originating from the Punjab
authenticity and tradition. Like the men's jhummar, bhangra's over-commodification has also prompted efforts to revive other women's dances like the ਸੰਮੀ
Bhangra_(dance)
Tsentsak are invisible pathogenic projectiles or magical darts utilized in indigenous and mestizo shamanic practices for the purposes of sorcery and healing
Tsentsak
Dutch anthropologist
Economic, applied, and development anthropology Basic concepts Barter Commodification Cultural capital Debt Embeddedness Finance Gift economy Inalienable
Don_Kalb
Physical artifact or intangible attribute of a society inherited from past generations
Amineddoleh :: SSRN Paolo Davide Farah, Riccardo Tremolada, Desirability of Commodification of Intangible Cultural Heritage: The Unsatisfying Role of IPRs, in
Cultural_heritage
U.S. state
Hawaiian scholar Haunani-Kay Trask, tourism in Hawaii has led to the commodification and exploitation of Hawaiian culture resulting in insidious forms of
Hawaii
national GDP. The neoliberal model brought with it a phenomenon of the commodification of education, in which knowledge is privatized and profit is established
Neoliberalism_in_Peru
Concept in political economy
acceptable standard of living independently of market participation." While commodification is the transformation of goods, services, ideas and people into commodities
Decommodification
Direct reciprocal exchange of goods or services without the use of money
Economic, applied, and development anthropology Basic concepts Barter Commodification Cultural capital Debt Embeddedness Finance Gift economy Inalienable
Barter
American nonprofit organization
Buddhist economics Buy Nothing Day Collaborative consumption Collapsology Commodification Commodity fetishism Commune Compulsive buying disorder Conspicuous
The_Venus_Project
Ceremonial exchange system in the Milne Bay Province of Papua New Guinea
Economic, applied, and development anthropology Basic concepts Barter Commodification Cultural capital Debt Embeddedness Finance Gift economy Inalienable
Kula_ring
Traditional Mongolian festival
Joseph (2015). "The Price on Our Practices: Motivation and Cultural Commodification in the Mongolian Tourism Industry". ISP Collection. SIT Study Abroad
Golden_Eagle_Festival
Indian religion and philosophy
Thailand's International Meditation Centers: Tourism and the Global Commodification of Religious Practices. Routledge Harvey (2013), p. 378. Harvey (2013)
Buddhism
1977 book by Wendell Berry
environmental degradation, a decline of family farms and rural communities, a commodification of both land and people, and a broader cultural alienation from the
The_Unsettling_of_America
1991 book by Wang Huning
such as inequality, economic conflicts, decaying of social values and commodification. He also praised the strengths of the U.S., such as its modernity,
America_Against_America
property, the profit motive, capital accumulation, competitive markets, commodification, wage labor, and an emphasis on innovation and economic growth. Modern
History_of_capitalism
Anthropologist
Economic, applied, and development anthropology Basic concepts Barter Commodification Cultural capital Debt Embeddedness Finance Gift economy Inalienable
Eric_Wolf
View of media, markets and commodities as sovereign, central to Situationist thought
late capitalism. Debord was a rebel to his core and despised academic commodification of his ideas and their integration into the diffuse spectacle.[citation
Spectacle_(critical_theory)
Marxist concept for ideological remnants of capitalism
right Bourgeois socialism Capitalist mode of production Class struggle Commodification Dialectics Dictatorship of the proletariat Historical materialism Imperialism
Bourgeois_right
Outlandishly fashionable man
society such as political change, class consciousness, new nationalisms, commodification, and consumer capitalism. The macaroni was the Georgian era precursor
Macaroni_(fashion)
Homestay platform
CouchSurfing is a hospitality exchange service by which users can request free short-term homestays or interact with other people who are interested in
CouchSurfing
Economic concept
Economic, applied, and development anthropology Basic concepts Barter Commodification Cultural capital Debt Embeddedness Finance Gift economy Inalienable
Embeddedness
State of being cast off
Cecelia (2009). "Fear of Intimacy? Psychoanalysis and the Resistance to Commodification". In Oliver, Kelly; Keltner, S. K. (eds.). Psychoanalysis, Aesthetics
Abjection
Yoruba traditional priest
appreciation for cultural richness and potential negative aspects related to commodification or misrepresentation of practices. The impacts of babalawo and the
Babalawo
Sale of experiences to customers
co-produced through the interaction between consumers and producers. Commodification E-commerce Experience management Generation Z Retail apocalypse Pine
Experience_economy
1975 novel by Saul Bellow
Malcolm Bradbury, see the novel as a commentary on the increasing commodification of culture in mid-century America. Throughout much of the book, Bellow
Humboldt's_Gift
Book by James Ferguson
Economic, applied, and development anthropology Basic concepts Barter Commodification Cultural capital Debt Embeddedness Finance Gift economy Inalienable
The_Anti-Politics_Machine
Form of pastoralism
Economic, applied, and development anthropology Basic concepts Barter Commodification Cultural capital Debt Embeddedness Finance Gift economy Inalienable
Nomadic_pastoralism
Way of viewing economic activity
Economic, applied, and development anthropology Basic concepts Barter Commodification Cultural capital Debt Embeddedness Finance Gift economy Inalienable
Moral_economy
Theoretical rebirth of antique governance
already happened in South Africa. Neo-feudalism is made possible by the commodification of policing, and signifies the end of shared citizenship, says Ian
Neo-feudalism
French philosopher (1952–2020)
Buddhist economics Buy Nothing Day Collaborative consumption Collapsology Commodification Commodity fetishism Commune Compulsive buying disorder Conspicuous
Bernard_Stiegler
Anthropologist specialising in influencers and internet culture
Australia Thesis Please subscribe!: influencers, social media, and the commodification of everyday life (2016) Doctoral advisor Rob Cover, Greg Acciaioli
Crystal_Abidin
Cultural heritage research initiative
members, and community representatives. Commodifications of Cultural Heritage How can processes of commodification be both harmful and beneficial? What tools
Intellectual Property Issues in Cultural Heritage project
Intellectual_Property_Issues_in_Cultural_Heritage_project
Transition from nomadic lifestyle to a society that remains in one place permanently
Economic, applied, and development anthropology Basic concepts Barter Commodification Cultural capital Debt Embeddedness Finance Gift economy Inalienable
Sedentism
Subject of a trade or other exchange
function as intended (see also Complaint tablet to Ea-nāṣir). Thus, the "commodification" of a good or service often involves a considerable practical accomplishment
Article_of_commerce
Aspect of gameplay
Olli (2007). "Let Me Take You to The Movies: Productive Players, Commodification and Transformative Play". Convergence: The International Journal of
Emergent_gameplay
Status of a person who owns their home
it was one way for people to acquire generational wealth under the commodification of housing, it was believed to encourage savings, and it was thought
Owner-occupancy
Ethnic group in Sudan
Calkins, Sandra; Gertel, Jörg (2014). Disrupting Territories : Land, Commodification and Conflict in Sudan. Suffolk, England: James Currey. p. 124. ISBN 9781847010544
Nuba_peoples
Historically, a man who emphasised good looks, refined language, and leisurely hobbies
display of luxury goods" can be read as an expression of capitalist commodification. However, interestingly, this meticulous attention to personal appearance
Dandy
2002 British documentary series
asks deeper questions about the roots and methods of consumerism and commodification and their implications. It also questions the modern way people see
The_Century_of_the_Self
Artwork created for a certain place
only exist in the museum space and were the objects of the market and commodification. Since 1960, artists were trying to find a way out of this situation
Site-specific_art
COMMODIFICATION
COMMODIFICATION
COMMODIFICATION
COMMODIFICATION
Boy/Male
British, English
Raven of Angila
Girl/Female
Hindu, Indian
Humble; Mother of Garuda
Girl/Female
Muslim
Judicious, Wise, Prudent
Boy/Male
Tamil
Auspicious, Lucky
Girl/Female
Indian
Light of the sun.
Girl/Female
American, Australian, Gaelic, German, Greek, Swedish
Pure; Torture; Form of the Greek Catherine
Boy/Male
Arabic, Muslim
Slave of the Forbearing
Female
Italian
Feminine form of Italian Carlo, CARLITA means "man."
Girl/Female
Assamese, Gujarati, Hindu, Indian, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Sanskrit, Tamil, Telugu
Sunshine; Perfect; Bright
Biblical
praise Jah
COMMODIFICATION
COMMODIFICATION
COMMODIFICATION
COMMODIFICATION
COMMODIFICATION