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Transformation of goods, services, ideas and people into commodities or objects of trade
Commodification is the process of transforming inalienable, free, or gifted things (objects, services, ideas, nature, personal information, people) into
Commodification
Cultural tourism issue
Heritage commodification is the process by which cultural themes and expressions come to be evaluated primarily in terms of their exchange value, specifically
Heritage_commodification
Process of turning water into a tradable commodity
The commodification of water refers to the process of turning water, especially freshwater, from a public good[clarification needed] into a tradable commodity
Commodification_of_water
The commodification of nature is an area of research within critical environmental studies that is concerned with the ways in which natural entities and
Commodification_of_nature
2026 book
GIRLS®: Generation Z and the Commodification of Everything is a 2026 book by Freya India which examines the commodification of Gen-Z women through shifts
GIRLS®: Generation Z and the Commodification of Everything
GIRLS®:_Generation_Z_and_the_Commodification_of_Everything
Legal status as property of most non-human animals
and at other times not subsist." The commodification of animals is one of the earliest forms of commodification, which can be traced back to the time
Commodity_status_of_animals
Process where unique economic goods become interchangeable in the eyes of consumers
they will tend to buy the cheapest. This is not to be confused with commodification, which is the concept of objects or services being assigned an exchange
Commoditization
Book by McKenzie Wark
critical manifesto written by McKenzie Wark, which criticizes the commodification of information in the age of digital culture and globalization. It
A_Hacker_Manifesto
English musician (born 1974)
student. His dissertation at the University of Bristol was entitled The Commodification of Image – Production of a Pop Idol. One of his sources was Simon Frith
James_Blunt
American political commentator (born 1991)
worldviews in the first instance. While we cannot overlook the growing commodification of political speech on social media, nor the algorithmic incentives
Hasan_Piker
Imposition of an undesirable or unpleasant outcome
Punishment is the imposition of an undesirable or unpleasant outcome upon an individual or group, as a response for breaking some norm or rule. The term
Punishment
Housing in the United States comes in a variety of forms and tenures. The rate of homeownership in the United States, as measured by the fraction of units
Housing_in_the_United_States
1995 book by Deborah Root
Cannibal Culture: Art, Appropriation and the Commodification of Difference (ISBN 0-8133-2089-5) is a book by Deborah Root, published in 1995 by Westview
Cannibal_Culture
Theory in anthropology
Economic, applied, and development anthropology Basic concepts Barter Commodification Cultural capital Debt Embeddedness Finance Gift economy Inalienable
Original_affluent_society
Person without fixed habitat
Economic, applied, and development anthropology Basic concepts Barter Commodification Cultural capital Debt Embeddedness Finance Gift economy Inalienable
Nomad
Economic system based on private ownership
property, profit motive, capital accumulation, competitive markets, commodification, wage labor, and an emphasis on innovation and economic growth. Capitalist
Capitalism
Domesticated species of canid
Retrieved 22 April 2024. Lisa Jackson-Schebetta (2009). "Mythologies and Commodifications of Dominion in The Dog Whisperer with Cesar Millan" (PDF). Journal
Dog
Branch of agriculture concerned with raising livestock
Economic, applied, and development anthropology Basic concepts Barter Commodification Cultural capital Debt Embeddedness Finance Gift economy Inalienable
Pastoralism
Proportion of worth at which a commodity can be traded for other commodities
too much risk of a type that would undermine the business. Thus, the commodification of a good or service often involves a considerable practical accomplishment
Exchange_value
Khoikhoi woman (c. 1789–1815)
been called the epitome of racist colonial exploitation, and of the commodification and dehumanization of Southern African people. No contemporary record
Sarah_Baartman
American philosopher (1960-)
contemporary life, such as class oppression, globalization and the commodification of services (or production of affects), have the potential to spark
Michael_Hardt
Gift-giving festival and economic system
Economic, applied, and development anthropology Basic concepts Barter Commodification Cultural capital Debt Embeddedness Finance Gift economy Inalienable
Potlatch
Concept of commodification of art
perpetuated through the proliferation of comforts, consumerism, and commodification; where the concept of repressive desublimation highlights the desire-production
Repressive_desublimation
People employed to exhume bodies during the 18th and 19th centuries
commonplace by the 1720s and that fresh corpses had likely undergone commodification, probably as a direct result of the lack of legally available bodies
Resurrectionists in the United Kingdom
Resurrectionists_in_the_United_Kingdom
Concept in political economics
in political economics which denotes the widespread collection and commodification of personal data by corporations. This phenomenon is distinct from
Surveillance_capitalism
Effects of tourism on the environment. destination communities, and economy
authors argue that commodification is inevitable. There are both positive and negative sociocultural impacts of commodification on a culture. One positive
Impacts_of_tourism
Concept in political economy
acceptable standard of living independently of market participation". While commodification is the transformation of goods, services, ideas and people into commodities
Decommodification
Fungible item produced to satisfy wants or needs
carrying premium profit margins for market participants to a status of commodification. There is a spectrum of commoditization, rather than a binary distinction
Commodity
Concept in economics
become destabilised." Polanyi's insight follows the Marxian notions of "commodification" and "Commodity fetishism." Fetishism in anthropology refers to the
Fictitious_commodities
Art movement
matter no longer held traction. Conceptual art also reacted against the commodification of art; it attempted a subversion of the gallery or museum as the location
Conceptual_art
1973 fantasy novel by Michael Ende
FANTASY NOVEL MOMO". Focus on German Studies. 19. "Momo, Dogen. and the Commodification of Time". buddhism.lib.ntu.edu.tw. Retrieved 10 July 2017. "Michael
Momo_(novel)
2023 novel by Nana Kwame Adjei-Brenyah
Adjei-Brenyah critiques the carceral system, capitalist society, and commodification of human suffering. Chain Gang All Stars is a work of speculative fiction
Chain-Gang_All-Stars
1944 book by Karl Polanyi
Economic, applied, and development anthropology Basic concepts Barter Commodification Cultural capital Debt Embeddedness Finance Gift economy Inalienable
The Great Transformation (book)
The_Great_Transformation_(book)
Outlandishly fashionable man
society such as political change, class consciousness, new nationalisms, commodification, and consumer capitalism. The macaroni was the Georgian era precursor
Macaroni_(fashion)
U.S. state
Hawaiian scholar Haunani-Kay Trask, tourism in Hawaii has led to the commodification and exploitation of Hawaiian culture resulting in insidious forms of
Hawaii
Exchange of goods or labour
Economic, applied, and development anthropology Basic concepts Barter Commodification Cultural capital Debt Embeddedness Finance Gift economy Inalienable
Reciprocity (cultural anthropology)
Reciprocity_(cultural_anthropology)
2nd episode of the 1st series of Black Mirror
figures. The episode's ambiguous ending led to discussion about the commodification of dissent. The visual style and music of the episode were praised
Fifteen_Million_Merits
Traditional South American practice involving frog secretions
Kambo, also known as sapo (from Portuguese: sapo, lit. 'toad') or vacina-do-sapo, is substance derived from the natural secretions of an amphibian belonging
Kambo_(drug)
1991 book by Wang Huning
such as inequality, economic conflicts, decaying of social values and commodification. He also praised the strengths of the U.S., such as its modernity,
America_Against_America
Native American narrative art
Ledger art is narrative drawing or painting on paper or cloth, predominantly practiced by Plains Indians but also from the Indigenous peoples of the Plateau
Ledger_art
Louisiana state agency
(Thesis). OCLC 3436283.[page needed] Tate, Nicholas Adam (2021). Cultural Commodification, Homogenization, Exclusion, and the Council for the Development of
Council for the Development of French in Louisiana
Council_for_the_Development_of_French_in_Louisiana
1925 essay by Marcel Mauss
Economic, applied, and development anthropology Basic concepts Barter Commodification Cultural capital Debt Embeddedness Finance Gift economy Inalienable
The_Gift_(essay)
American anthropologist (1930–2021)
Economic, applied, and development anthropology Basic concepts Barter Commodification Cultural capital Debt Embeddedness Finance Gift economy Inalienable
Marshall_Sahlins
Transition from nomadic lifestyle to a society that remains in one place permanently
Economic, applied, and development anthropology Basic concepts Barter Commodification Cultural capital Debt Embeddedness Finance Gift economy Inalienable
Sedentism
Internet witchcraft vendors
Witchcraft into the homes of many, but it is subsequently vulnerable to commodification and corruption", highlighting the increased visibility of "magic for
Etsy_witches
Style of casual clothing
American community has also been seen as cultural appropriation and commodification. This is, in part, because streetwear and "urban wear" were originally
Streetwear
Traditional Mongolian festival
Joseph (2015). "The Price on Our Practices: Motivation and Cultural Commodification in the Mongolian Tourism Industry". ISP Collection. SIT Study Abroad
Golden_Eagle_Festival
American YouTube streamer (born 1979)
Blavity. Retrieved May 11, 2024. Francombe, Amy (August 25, 2023). "The Commodification of Hating Men". Vice. Retrieved May 11, 2024. "Read these two books"
SheraSeven
American artist (1960–1988)
marginality, connecting the legacies of Darwin, Huxley, and Mendel to the commodification of blackness and the manipulation of scientific discourse for socio-political
Jean-Michel_Basquiat
Tsentsak are invisible pathogenic projectiles or magical darts utilized in indigenous and mestizo shamanic practices for the purposes of sorcery and healing
Tsentsak
Contemporary cultural framework
expansion of clinical trauma concepts into everyday language, the commodification of suffering, and debates about authenticity, victimhood, and the ethics
Trauma_culture
Social networking services where hosts do not receive payments
sorts. It was featured as a means to achieve a cosmopolitan utopia. Commodification of CouchSurfing terminated "the existence of a project run as a flourishing
Hospitality_exchange_service
Anthropologist specialising in influencers and internet culture
Australia Thesis Please subscribe!: influencers, social media, and the commodification of everyday life (2016) Doctoral advisor Rob Cover, Greg Acciaioli
Crystal_Abidin
Anti-surrogacy human rights document
arguing that this practice violates human dignity and contributes to the commodification of women and children. It was signed on 3 March 2023 in Casablanca
Casablanca Declaration (anti-surrogacy)
Casablanca_Declaration_(anti-surrogacy)
British author
her Substack GIRLS and her 2026 book GIRLS®: Generation Z and the Commodification of Everything. India is from London and was working in a cafe before
Freya_India
Adult with childlike interests
childlikeness. Karen Brooks has written about what she calls the "commodification of youth": entertainers sell "the teen spirit" to adults who in the
Kidult
1968 science fiction novel by Philip K. Dick
struggle for a different way of being in the world. This way resists commodification in our relations with one another and with nature to produce a better
Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?
Do_Androids_Dream_of_Electric_Sheep?
French political party
water, food, living, health, energy, or currency by preventing their commodification in order to preserve the general interest and by developing corresponding
La_France_Insoumise
Famine in India under Crown rule
vulnerable. The cultivation of alternate cash crops, in addition to the commodification of grain, played a significant role in the events. The famine occurred
Great_Famine_of_1876–1878
American singer and talent manager (1939–2025)
by some fans and journalists who have raised reservations about the commodification of Selena's image, particularly regarding her posthumous releases.
Abraham_Quintanilla
School of Marxism aligned with humanist philosophies
Marxist humanism is a philosophical and political movement that interprets Karl Marx's works through a humanist lens, focusing on human nature and the
Marxist_humanism
Topics referred to by the same term
wood, commonly used as a temporary marker, and in America before the commodification of stone gravemarkers All pages with titles containing Headboard All
Headboard
Beauty contest featuring children as contestants
A child beauty pageant is a beauty contest featuring contestants under 18 years of age. Competition categories may include talent, interview, sportswear
Child_beauty_pageant
1977 book by Wendell Berry
environmental degradation, a decline of family farms and rural communities, a commodification of both land and people, and a broader cultural alienation from the
The_Unsettling_of_America
Historical currency using sea shells
Economic, applied, and development anthropology Basic concepts Barter Commodification Cultural capital Debt Embeddedness Finance Gift economy Inalienable
Shell_money
Chinese Communist Party slogan
right Bourgeois socialism Capitalist mode of production Class struggle Commodification Dialectics Dictatorship of the proletariat Historical materialism Imperialism
Political power grows out of the barrel of a gun
Political_power_grows_out_of_the_barrel_of_a_gun
Representative ownership mechanism
approach described above, seek to respond to the increasing enclosure and commodification of knowledge by securing the lasting availability and democratic control
Community_ownership
City and county in California, US
thousand; and by 1999, there were more than thirty thousand." The commodification of the Castro District has contributed to San Francisco's tourist economy
San_Francisco
Canadian twin actresses
Role Notes 2004 New York Minute Jane Ryan Photo double 2009 Amelia Commodification Montage Dancer Minor role 2010 Todd and the Book of Pure Evil Britney
Karissa_and_Katie_Strain
1997 book by Dorothy Roberts
history. The book details a history of reproductive oppression from the commodification of enslaved women's fertility to forced sterilizations of African American
Killing_the_Black_Body
Soviet scholar (1888-1937)
Economic, applied, and development anthropology Basic concepts Barter Commodification Cultural capital Debt Embeddedness Finance Gift economy Inalienable
Alexander_Chayanov
Organized crime phenomenon
Festival del Viaggio FITUR ITB Berlin World Tourism Day Issues Heritage commodification Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism Impacts of tourism Leakage
Crime_tourism
2nd episode of the 6th series of Black Mirror
thematically similar to series one's "Fifteen Million Merits", which shows commodification and talent show television impacting human empathy. Additionally, the
Loch_Henry
View that capital exists in nature as "natural capital"
eco-capitalism, such as eco-socialists, view continued economic growth and commodification of nature as an inevitability in capitalism, and thus criticize bright-green
Eco-capitalism
Indian religion and philosophy
Thailand's International Meditation Centers: Tourism and the Global Commodification of Religious Practices. Routledge Harvey (2013), p. 378. Harvey (2013)
Buddhism
Fashion that does not conform to mainstream styles
the alternative fashion market. This change in the availability and commodification of alternative fashions has encouraged much broader use of styles in
Alternative_fashion
Organization that promotes local food
Buddhist economics Buy Nothing Day Collaborative consumption Collapsology Commodification Commodity fetishism Commune Compulsive buying disorder Conspicuous
Slow_Food
1983 film
The Family Game (Japanese: 家族ゲーム, Hepburn: Kazoku Gēmu) is a 1983 Japanese comedy and family drama film directed by Yoshimitsu Morita. It follows the story
The_Family_Game
Book by James Ferguson
Economic, applied, and development anthropology Basic concepts Barter Commodification Cultural capital Debt Embeddedness Finance Gift economy Inalienable
The_Anti-Politics_Machine
Children's picture book series by Judith Byron Schachner
Library Journal. 54: 12. "When Entertainment Trumps Social Concerns: The Commodification of Mexican Culture and Language". Critical content analysis of children's
Skippyjon_Jones
Systematic, institutionalized exploitation of animals
commodification of nonhuman animals. In the book Education for Total Liberation, Meneka Repka cites Barbara Noski as saying that the commodification of
Animal–industrial_complex
French anthropologist (born 1934)
Economic, applied, and development anthropology Basic concepts Barter Commodification Cultural capital Debt Embeddedness Finance Gift economy Inalienable
Maurice_Godelier
Human utilization of non-human animals
individual acts of animal cruelty. The animal–industrial complex involves commodification of animals under contemporary capitalism and includes every economic
Animal_exploitation
Economic anthropologist
Economic, applied, and development anthropology Basic concepts Barter Commodification Cultural capital Debt Embeddedness Finance Gift economy Inalienable
Raymond_Firth
French philosopher (1952–2020)
Buddhist economics Buy Nothing Day Collaborative consumption Collapsology Commodification Commodity fetishism Commune Compulsive buying disorder Conspicuous
Bernard_Stiegler
African-American sex slaves
ISBN 978-0393314816. Gordon, Tiye (2015). "The Fancy Trade and the Commodification of Rape in the Sexual Economy of 19th Century U.S. Slavery". University
Fancy_girl
French-Israeli sociologist (born 1961)
production. Her first book, Consuming the Romantic Utopia, addresses the commodification of romance and the romanticization of commodities. Looking at a wide
Eva_Illouz
Ceremonial exchange system in the Milne Bay Province of Papua New Guinea
Economic, applied, and development anthropology Basic concepts Barter Commodification Cultural capital Debt Embeddedness Finance Gift economy Inalienable
Kula_ring
Anthropologist
Economic, applied, and development anthropology Basic concepts Barter Commodification Cultural capital Debt Embeddedness Finance Gift economy Inalienable
Eric_Wolf
1998 housing reforms in China
direction was determined to be the marketization, monetization and commodification of urban housing. In particular, in conjunction with the tax-sharing
Urban_housing_system_reform
Pejorative term for reinterpretation of Marxism
right Bourgeois socialism Capitalist mode of production Class struggle Commodification Dialectics Dictatorship of the proletariat Historical materialism Imperialism
Revisionism_(Marxism)
Scholar and theatre critic
global perception of Chinese culture, beyond the usual clichés of commodification and cultural diplomacy. One of the recurrent themes in Saiu's talks
Octavian_Saiu
Digital facilities and systems serving society
argue that DPI systems, even when government-operated, can enable the commodification of personal data and behavioral prediction at population scale. The
Digital_public_infrastructure
national GDP. The neoliberal model brought with it a phenomenon of the commodification of education, in which knowledge is privatized and profit is established
Neoliberalism_in_Peru
Fetishization of Black culture
across domains have, in the recent past, been identified for this commodification of Black identity, including Kim Kardashian, Eminem, Ariana Grande
Negrophilia
Adoption of simpler lifestyle
Buddhist economics Buy Nothing Day Collaborative consumption Collapsology Commodification Commodity fetishism Commune Compulsive buying disorder Conspicuous
Downshifting_(lifestyle)
Sense of regret after having made a purchase
Buddhist economics Buy Nothing Day Collaborative consumption Collapsology Commodification Commodity fetishism Commune Compulsive buying disorder Conspicuous
Buyer's_remorse
property, the profit motive, capital accumulation, competitive markets, commodification, wage labor, and an emphasis on innovation and economic growth. Modern
History_of_capitalism
Political theory
right Bourgeois socialism Capitalist mode of production Class struggle Commodification Dialectics Dictatorship of the proletariat Historical materialism Imperialism
Dual_power
French writer of Moroccan-Jewish descent (born 1969)
campaigned vigorously against surrogacy, which she likened to a practice of commodification of the body of women and reification of the child. Qumran (1996) L'Or
Éliette_Abécassis
travel, tourism, insurance
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travel, tourism, insurance