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Transformation of goods, services, ideas and people into commodities or objects of trade
Commodification is the process of transforming inalienable, free, or gifted things (objects, services, ideas, nature, personal information, people) into
Commodification
Process of turning water into a tradable commodity
The commodification of water refers to the process of turning water, especially freshwater, from a public good[clarification needed] into a tradable commodity
Commodification_of_water
The commodification of nature is an area of research within critical environmental studies that is concerned with the ways in which natural entities and
Commodification_of_nature
GIRLS®: Generation Z and the Commodification of Everything is a 2026 book by Freya India which examines the commodification of Gen-Z women through shifts
GIRLS®: Generation Z and the Commodification of Everything
GIRLS®:_Generation_Z_and_the_Commodification_of_Everything
Cultural tourism issue
Heritage commodification is the process by which cultural themes and expressions come to be evaluated primarily in terms of their exchange value, specifically
Heritage_commodification
Legal status as property of most non-human animals
and at other times not subsist." The commodification of animals is one of the earliest forms of commodification, which can be traced back to the time
Commodity_status_of_animals
Process where unique economic goods become interchangeable in the eyes of consumers
they will tend to buy the cheapest. This is not to be confused with commodification, which is the concept of objects or services being assigned an exchange
Commoditization
Housing in the United States comes in a variety of forms and tenures. The rate of homeownership in the United States, as measured by the fraction of units
Housing_in_the_United_States
2026 single by Melanie Martinez
to Christopher Gona of V13, "Disney Princess" critiques society's commodification of women and presents the idea of "selling [one's] soul" as something
Disney_Princess_(song)
Fashion that does not conform to mainstream styles
the alternative fashion market. This change in the availability and commodification of alternative fashions has encouraged much broader use of styles in
Alternative_fashion
Book by McKenzie Wark
critical manifesto written by McKenzie Wark, which criticizes the commodification of information in the age of digital culture and globalization. It
A_Hacker_Manifesto
Effects of tourism on the environment. destination communities, and economy
authors argue that commodification is inevitable. There are both positive and negative sociocultural impacts of commodification on a culture. One positive
Impacts_of_tourism
Person without fixed habitat
Economic, applied, and development anthropology Basic concepts Barter Commodification Cultural capital Debt Embeddedness Finance Gift economy Inalienable
Nomad
2020 American TV docuseries
Cheer is an American sport television docuseries airing on Netflix starting in January 2020. The six-part series follows the nationally ranked forty-member
Cheer_(TV_series)
Branch of agriculture concerned with raising livestock
Economic, applied, and development anthropology Basic concepts Barter Commodification Cultural capital Debt Embeddedness Finance Gift economy Inalienable
Pastoralism
Concept in economics
become destabilised." Polanyi's insight follows the Marxian notions of "commodification" and "Commodity fetishism." Fetishism in anthropology refers to the
Fictitious_commodities
Concept of commodification of art
perpetuated through the proliferation of comforts, consumerism, and commodification; where the concept of repressive desublimation highlights the desire-production
Repressive_desublimation
Art movement
matter no longer held traction. Conceptual art also reacted against the commodification of art; it attempted a subversion of the gallery or museum as the location
Conceptual_art
1944 book by Karl Polanyi
Economic, applied, and development anthropology Basic concepts Barter Commodification Cultural capital Debt Embeddedness Finance Gift economy Inalienable
The Great Transformation (book)
The_Great_Transformation_(book)
Design aesthetic
Vox. Retrieved July 2, 2025. "Global Village Coffeehouse and the Commodification of Cultural Symbols". Grafis Masa Kini. July 11, 2025. Retrieved November
Global_Village_Coffeehouse
Tsentsak are invisible pathogenic projectiles or magical darts utilized in indigenous and mestizo shamanic practices for the purposes of sorcery and healing
Tsentsak
Indian folklore clan
Superintendent, Government Press – via Google Books. Brand Kerala: Commodification of Open-Source Ayurveda (Ezhava/Thiyya medicinal tradition). The History
Odiyan_clan
Fungible item produced to satisfy wants or needs
carrying premium profit margins for market participants to a status of commodification. There is a spectrum of commoditization, rather than a binary distinction
Commodity
American YouTube streamer (born 1979)
Blavity. Retrieved May 11, 2024. Francombe, Amy (August 25, 2023). "The Commodification of Hating Men". Vice. Retrieved May 11, 2024. "Read these two books"
SheraSeven
Gift-giving festival and economic system
Economic, applied, and development anthropology Basic concepts Barter Commodification Cultural capital Debt Embeddedness Finance Gift economy Inalienable
Potlatch
1973 fantasy novel by Michael Ende
FANTASY NOVEL MOMO". Focus on German Studies. 19. "Momo, Dogen. and the Commodification of Time". buddhism.lib.ntu.edu.tw. Retrieved 10 July 2017. "Michael
Momo_(novel)
Imposition of an undesirable or unpleasant outcome
Punishment is the imposition of an undesirable or unpleasant outcome upon an individual or group, as a response for breaking some norm or rule. The term
Punishment
Theory in anthropology
Economic, applied, and development anthropology Basic concepts Barter Commodification Cultural capital Debt Embeddedness Finance Gift economy Inalienable
Original_affluent_society
Concept in political economics
in political economics which denotes the widespread collection and commodification of personal data by corporations. This phenomenon is distinct from
Surveillance_capitalism
2023 novel by Nana Kwame Adjei-Brenyah
Adjei-Brenyah critiques the carceral system, capitalist society, and commodification of human suffering. Chain Gang All Stars is a work of speculative fiction
Chain-Gang_All-Stars
American philosopher (1960-)
contemporary life, such as class oppression, globalization and the commodification of services (or production of affects), have the potential to spark
Michael_Hardt
Economic system based on private ownership
property, profit motive, capital accumulation, competitive markets, commodification, wage labor, and an emphasis on innovation and economic growth. Capitalist
Capitalism
1925 essay by Marcel Mauss
Economic, applied, and development anthropology Basic concepts Barter Commodification Cultural capital Debt Embeddedness Finance Gift economy Inalienable
The_Gift_(essay)
Prehistoric and historic currency using sea shells
Economic, applied, and development anthropology Basic concepts Barter Commodification Cultural capital Debt Embeddedness Finance Gift economy Inalienable
Shell_money
City and county in California, US
thousand; and by 1999, there were more than thirty thousand." The commodification of the Castro District has contributed to San Francisco's tourist economy
San_Francisco
Famine in India under Crown rule
vulnerable. The cultivation of alternate cash crops, in addition to the commodification of grain, played a significant role in the events. The famine occurred
Great_Famine_of_1876–1878
2nd episode of the 1st series of Black Mirror
figures. The episode's ambiguous ending led to discussion about the commodification of dissent. The visual style and music of the episode were praised
Fifteen_Million_Merits
U.S. state
Hawaiian scholar Haunani-Kay Trask, tourism in Hawaii has led to the commodification and exploitation of Hawaiian culture resulting in insidious forms of
Hawaii
African-American sex slaves
ISBN 978-0393314816. Gordon, Tiye (2015). "The Fancy Trade and the Commodification of Rape in the Sexual Economy of 19th Century U.S. Slavery". University
Fancy_girl
Domesticated species of canid
Retrieved 22 April 2024. Lisa Jackson-Schebetta (2009). "Mythologies and Commodifications of Dominion in The Dog Whisperer with Cesar Millan" (PDF). Journal
Dog
Proportion of worth at which a commodity can be traded for other commodities
too much risk of a type that would undermine the business. Thus, the commodification of a good or service often involves a considerable practical accomplishment
Exchange_value
Native American narrative art
Ledger art is narrative drawing or painting on paper or cloth, predominantly practiced by Plains Indians but also from the Indigenous peoples of the Plateau
Ledger_art
organs themselves". "Organ gifting" is proposed to contrast with organ commodification. The maintenance of a spirit of altruism in this context has been interpreted
Organ_gifting
Unnatural death caused by social, political, or economic factors
right Bourgeois socialism Capitalist mode of production Class struggle Commodification Dialectics Dictatorship of the proletariat Historical materialism Imperialism
Social_murder
Adult with childlike interests
childlikeness. Karen Brooks has written about what she calls the "commodification of youth": entertainers sell "the teen spirit" to adults who in the
Kidult
View that capital exists in nature as "natural capital"
eco-capitalism, such as eco-socialists, view continued economic growth and commodification of nature as an inevitability in capitalism, and thus criticize bright-green
Eco-capitalism
Khoikhoi woman (c. 1789–1815)
been called the epitome of racist colonial exploitation, and of the commodification and dehumanization of African people. Baartman was born to a Khoekhoe
Sarah_Baartman
Beauty contest featuring children as contestants
A child beauty pageant is a controversial beauty contest featuring contestants under 18 years of age. Competition categories may include talent, interview
Child_beauty_pageant
Social networking services where hosts do not receive payments
sorts. It was featured as a means to achieve a cosmopolitan utopia. Commodification of CouchSurfing terminated "the existence of a project run as a flourishing
Hospitality_exchange_service
Indian religion and philosophy
Thailand's International Meditation Centers: Tourism and the Global Commodification of Religious Practices. Routledge Harvey (2013), p. 378. Harvey (2013)
Buddhism
1998 housing reforms in China
direction was determined to be the marketization, monetization and commodification of urban housing. In particular, in conjunction with the tax-sharing
Urban_housing_system_reform
Anti-surrogacy human rights document
arguing that this practice violates human dignity and contributes to the commodification of women and children. It was signed on 3 March 2023 in Casablanca
Casablanca Declaration (anti-surrogacy)
Casablanca_Declaration_(anti-surrogacy)
Strong, positive emotional/mental states
Love is also shaped by governments and markets through regulation and commodification. For example, colonial restrictions on intimacy or conspiracy theories
Love
Spoken interjection in English
of eh and has contributed its share to the registration of eh and commodification of the form in association with Canada. A popular example of its use
Eh
national GDP. The neoliberal model brought with it a phenomenon of the commodification of education, in which knowledge is privatized and profit is established
Neoliberalism_in_Peru
Direct reciprocal exchange of goods or services without the use of money
Economic, applied, and development anthropology Basic concepts Barter Commodification Cultural capital Debt Embeddedness Finance Gift economy Inalienable
Barter
1991 book by Wang Huning
such as inequality, economic conflicts, decaying of social values and commodification. He also praised the strengths of the U.S., such as its modernity,
America_Against_America
Ceremonial exchange system in the Milne Bay Province of Papua New Guinea
Economic, applied, and development anthropology Basic concepts Barter Commodification Cultural capital Debt Embeddedness Finance Gift economy Inalienable
Kula_ring
People employed to exhume bodies during the 18th and 19th centuries
commonplace by the 1720s and that fresh corpses had likely undergone commodification, probably as a direct result of the lack of legally available bodies
Resurrectionists in the United Kingdom
Resurrectionists_in_the_United_Kingdom
1977 book by Wendell Berry
environmental degradation, a decline of family farms and rural communities, a commodification of both land and people, and a broader cultural alienation from the
The_Unsettling_of_America
Physical artifact or intangible attribute of a society inherited from past generations
Amineddoleh :: SSRN Paolo Davide Farah, Riccardo Tremolada, Desirability of Commodification of Intangible Cultural Heritage: The Unsatisfying Role of IPRs, in
Cultural_heritage
Stance of supporting peaceful coexistence and diversity of spiritual belief
digital religion, hybrid identities, migration, secular governance, and commodification of spirituality. Globalization has enabled religions and their practitioners
Religious_pluralism
Adoption of simpler lifestyle
Buddhist economics Buy Nothing Day Collaborative consumption Collapsology Commodification Commodity fetishism Commune Compulsive buying disorder Conspicuous
Downshifting_(lifestyle)
Form of pastoralism
Economic, applied, and development anthropology Basic concepts Barter Commodification Cultural capital Debt Embeddedness Finance Gift economy Inalienable
Nomadic_pastoralism
Systematic, institutionalized exploitation of animals
commodification of nonhuman animals. In the book Education for Total Liberation, Meneka Repka cites Barbara Noski as saying that the commodification of
Animal–industrial_complex
American nonprofit organization
Buddhist economics Buy Nothing Day Collaborative consumption Collapsology Commodification Commodity fetishism Commune Compulsive buying disorder Conspicuous
The_Venus_Project
Concept in political economy
acceptable standard of living independently of market participation." While commodification is the transformation of goods, services, ideas and people into commodities
Decommodification
2008 book by Stephanie E. Smallwood
important threads running through Smallwood's book is the process of commodification. This project begins in the introduction, where she contrasts the African
Saltwater_Slavery
Anthropologist
Economic, applied, and development anthropology Basic concepts Barter Commodification Cultural capital Debt Embeddedness Finance Gift economy Inalienable
Eric_Wolf
1975 novel by Saul Bellow
Malcolm Bradbury, see the novel as a commentary on the increasing commodification of culture in mid-century America. Throughout much of the book, Bellow
Humboldt's_Gift
Social theory developed by Karl Marx
the historical possibility of its transcendence. Marxist humanism Commodification Mészáros 1970, p. 27. Mandel & Novack 1970, p. 66. Mészáros 1970, p
Marx's_theory_of_alienation
Philosophical ideals for the practice of science
conduct. Communism in science requires a strong opposition to the commodification of scientific research to serve capitalistic interests. Instead, it
Mertonian_norms
Something bought and sold as a result of labor value, in Marxist theory
function as intended (see also Complaint tablet to Ea-nāṣir). Thus, the "commodification" of a good or service often involves a considerable practical accomplishment
Commodity_(Marxism)
Ethnic group in Sudan
Calkins, Sandra; Gertel, Jörg (2014). Disrupting Territories : Land, Commodification and Conflict in Sudan. Suffolk, England: James Currey. p. 124. ISBN 9781847010544
Nuba_peoples
Outlandishly fashionable man
society such as political change, class consciousness, new nationalisms, commodification, and consumer capitalism. The macaroni was the Georgian era precursor
Macaroni_(fashion)
Theoretical rebirth of antique governance
already happened in South Africa. Neo-feudalism is made possible by the commodification of policing, and signifies the end of shared citizenship, says Ian
Neo-feudalism
Economic concept
Economic, applied, and development anthropology Basic concepts Barter Commodification Cultural capital Debt Embeddedness Finance Gift economy Inalienable
Embeddedness
Contemporary cultural framework
expansion of clinical trauma concepts into everyday language, the commodification of suffering, and debates about authenticity, victimhood, and the ethics
Trauma_culture
1983 film
The Family Game (家族ゲーム, Kazoku Gēmu) is a 1983 Japanese comedy and family drama film directed by Yoshimitsu Morita. It follows the story of a nuclear family
The_Family_Game
Way of viewing economic activity
Economic, applied, and development anthropology Basic concepts Barter Commodification Cultural capital Debt Embeddedness Finance Gift economy Inalienable
Moral_economy
Status of a person who owns their home
it was one way for people to acquire generational wealth under the commodification of housing, it was believed to encourage savings, and it was thought
Owner-occupancy
Transition from nomadic lifestyle to a society that remains in one place permanently
Economic, applied, and development anthropology Basic concepts Barter Commodification Cultural capital Debt Embeddedness Finance Gift economy Inalienable
Sedentism
Anthropologist specialising in influencers and internet culture
Australia Thesis Please subscribe!: influencers, social media, and the commodification of everyday life (2016) Doctoral advisor Rob Cover, Greg Acciaioli
Crystal_Abidin
2002 British documentary series
asks deeper questions about the roots and methods of consumerism and commodification and their implications. It also questions the modern way people see
The_Century_of_the_Self
Aspect of gameplay
Olli (2007). "Let Me Take You to The Movies: Productive Players, Commodification and Transformative Play". Convergence: The International Journal of
Emergent_gameplay
1968 science fiction novel by Philip K. Dick
struggle for a different way of being in the world. This way resists commodification in our relations with one another and with nature to produce a better
Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?
Do_Androids_Dream_of_Electric_Sheep?
property, the profit motive, capital accumulation, competitive markets, commodification, wage labor, and an emphasis on innovation and economic growth. Modern
History_of_capitalism
Retrieved 28 July 2016. Walker, Susannah (2000). "Black Is Profitable: The Commodification of the Afro, 1960—1975". Enterprise & Society. 1 (3): 536–564. doi:10
1970s_in_fashion
Traditional Mongolian festival
Joseph (2015). "The Price on Our Practices: Motivation and Cultural Commodification in the Mongolian Tourism Industry". ISP Collection. SIT Study Abroad
Golden_Eagle_Festival
Dutch anthropologist
Economic, applied, and development anthropology Basic concepts Barter Commodification Cultural capital Debt Embeddedness Finance Gift economy Inalienable
Don_Kalb
British activist and businessman (born 1967)
4 May 2023. MOVIE SCORE: 5.5/10 "Wake Up Punk: Railing against the commodification machine". The Irish Times. 6 May 2022. Retrieved 4 May 2023. "Wake
Joseph_Corré
Folk dance originating from the Punjab
authenticity and tradition. Like the men's jhummar, bhangra's over-commodification has also prompted efforts to revive other women's dances like the ਸੰਮੀ
Bhangra_(dance)
Israeli sociologist
Illouz’ first book, Consuming the Romantic Utopia, addresses the commodification of romance and the romanticization of commodities. Looking at a wide
Eva_Illouz
2024 single by Jesse Welles
addressed these issues in "United Health," highlighting the perceived commodification of healthcare and the challenges faced by patients. The lyrics deliver
United_Health_(song)
Dialect of English spoken in the Canadian city
non-Black residents of Toronto, comparing the appropriation of MTE to the commodification of African-American Vernacular English in hip-hop. In response to Lilly
Toronto_slang
American woman central to the ''Baby M'' surrogacy case
treated the case as a touchstone for the ethics of paid surrogacy, the commodification of reproduction, and parental rights in nontraditional family formation
Marybeth_Whitehead
Prostitution involving a child in Thailand
In addition to economic factors, the ingrained attitude of female commodification in Thai society is a major reason driving children to be sold into
Child prostitution in Thailand
Child_prostitution_in_Thailand
Things or services that satisfy human wants
for any lawful purposes just like any other goods. Bad (economics) Commodification Fast-moving consumer goods Final goods Finished goods Goods and services
Goods
Yoruba traditional priest
appreciation for cultural richness and potential negative aspects related to commodification or misrepresentation of practices. The impacts of babalawo and the
Babalawo
Water sold as a bottled product
has analyzed the commodification of bottled water through the corporate and cultural branding of nature, and how this commodification has added to the
Bottled_water
COMMODIFICATION
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Female
Egyptian
, rightly guided.
Female
Greek
(ΤηθÏÏ‚) Greek name TETHYS means "grandmother; nurse." In mythology, this is the name of a Titaness and sea goddess, the daughter of Ouranos (Latin Uranus) and Gaia (Latin Gæa).
Surname or Lastname
English
English : from a diminutive of Dunn.English : habitational name from Downhead in Somerset or Donhead in Wiltshire, both named from Old English dūn ‘hill’, ‘down’ + Old English hēafod ‘head’, ‘end’.Scottish : habitational name from a place in Caithness.
Surname or Lastname
English (Lancashire)
English (Lancashire) : habitational name from a place near Edenfield named Dearden, from Old English dēor ‘beast’, ‘deer’ + denu ‘valley’.
Girl/Female
Arabic, Muslim
Smell
Boy/Male
Indian, Sanskrit
Pale Red; Mighty; The World of the Sun
Biblical
eye, or fountain, of protection or of gardens
Surname or Lastname
English (Cornwall)
English (Cornwall) : from a Cornish variant of the personal name Pascal.
Girl/Female
German, Latin
Pure; Little and Womanly; Female Version of Charles or Carl
Girl/Female
Tamil
COMMODIFICATION
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