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Non-redundant proportion of an error correction code data stream
telecommunication and information theory, the code rate (or information rate) of a forward error correction code is the proportion of the data-stream that
Code_rate
Scheme for controlling errors in data over noisy communication channels
Recoverable Codes Message authentication code Burst error-correcting code Code rate Erasure codes Error detection and correction Error-correcting codes with
Error_correction_code
Method by which information is represented in the brain
or "spike firing", increases. Rate coding is sometimes called frequency coding. Rate coding is a traditional coding scheme, assuming that most, if not
Neural_coding
Standard for protection against intrusion of dust and water
The IP code or Ingress Protection code indicates how well a device is protected against water and dust. It is defined by the International Electrotechnical
IP_code
Type of error-correcting code using convolution
Convolutional codes are often characterized by the base code rate and the depth (or memory) of the encoder [ n , k , K ] {\displaystyle [n,k,K]} . The base code rate
Convolutional_code
Family of linear error-correcting codes
integer r ≥ 2 there is a code-word with block length n = 2r − 1 and message length k = 2r − r − 1. Hence the rate of Hamming codes is R = k / n = 1 − r /
Hamming_code
Process in quantum computing
figure of merit for QECCs—the code rate, given by the ratio k n {\displaystyle {\tfrac {k}{n}}} . The code rate measures a code's efficiency: a higher value
Quantum_error_correction
Information transmission rate expressed in bits per second
bitrate, information rate, useful bit rate, payload rate, net data transfer rate, coded transmission rate, effective data rate or wire speed (informal
Bit_rate
Mobile data technology for GSM networks
two coded bits. In Coding Schemes CS-2 and CS-3, the output of the convolutional code is punctured to achieve the desired code rate. In GPRS Coding Scheme
EDGE_(telecommunication)
Establishes the limits to possible data compression
get the code rate arbitrarily close to the Shannon entropy, with negligible probability of loss. The source coding theorem for symbol codes places an
Shannon's source coding theorem
Shannon's_source_coding_theorem
Rate of modulation of a digital signal
In a digitally modulated signal or a line code, symbol rate, modulation rate or baud rate is the number of symbol changes, waveform changes, or signaling
Symbol_rate
Linear error correcting code
in LDPC codes have seen them surpass turbo codes in terms of error floor and performance in the higher code rate range, leaving turbo codes better suited
Low-density_parity-check_code
Code added to allow recovery of lost data
perform this procedure using any two err-mails, so the erasure code in this example has a rate of 40%. Note that Alice cannot encode her telephone number
Erasure_code
Simple but inefficient error-correcting code
coupled with the low code rate (ratio between useful information symbols and actual transmitted symbols), other error correction codes are preferred in most
Repetition_code
Limiting the data rate on network controllers
can respond with status code 429: Too Many Requests. However, in some cases (i.e. web servers) the session management and rate limiting algorithm should
Rate_limiting
Transmission of language with brief pulses
Morse code test elements at 16 code groups per minute, 20 words per minute, 20 code groups per minute, and 25 words per minute. The word per minute rate would
Morse_code
the "area code" was historically referred to as a "subscriber trunk dialling code" (STD code) or a "dialling code". United Kingdom area codes are two,
Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom
Telephone_numbers_in_the_United_Kingdom
Reliable digital data delivery methods on unreliable channels
be made arbitrarily small, provided that the code rate is lower than the channel capacity. The code rate is defined as the fraction k/n of k source symbols
Error detection and correction
Error_detection_and_correction
Error-correcting codes
In information theory and coding theory, Reed–Solomon codes are a group of error-correcting codes that were introduced by Irving S. Reed and Gustave Solomon
Reed–Solomon_error_correction
Digital communications term
second (chips per second) at which the code is transmitted (or received). The chip rate is larger than the symbol rate, meaning that one symbol is represented
Chip_(CDMA)
High-performance forward error correction codes
the first practical codes to closely approach the maximum channel capacity or Shannon limit, a theoretical maximum for the code rate at which reliable communication
Turbo_code
Telephone area codes for Toronto, Ontario
"megacity" of Toronto in 1998, 416 became the only Canadian area code to serve just one rate centre and just one city. Many of Canada's larger cities, especially
Area codes 416, 647, 437, and 942
Area_codes_416,_647,_437,_and_942
Class of codes in coding theory
fountain or rateless refers to the fact that these codes do not exhibit a fixed code rate. A fountain code is optimal if the original k source symbols can
Fountain_code
Telephone area codes for Montreal
numbers from the smaller suburban rate centres to Montreal. It became apparent that the area needed another area code. On November 4, 2006, numbering plan
Area_codes_514,_438,_and_263
WiFi option
symbols, the code-rate is r = k T . {\displaystyle r={\frac {k}{T}}.} Only one standard STBC can achieve full-rate (rate 1) — Alamouti's code. STBCs as originally
Space–time_block_code
country codes are telephone number prefixes for reaching subscribers in foreign countries or areas by international direct dialing (IDD). Country codes are
List of telephone country codes
List_of_telephone_country_codes
Standard defining codes for currencies
registration code "BDS" instead of the ISO 4217 code "BBD". For example, the Central Bank uses the code "BDS$" for listing past exchange rates on its website
ISO_4217
Digital satellite television standard
Several code rates for flexible configuration of transmission parameters: 1/4, 1/3, 2/5, 1/2, 3/5, 2/3, 3/4, 4/5, 5/6, 6/7, 8/9, and 9/10. Code rates 1/4
DVB-S2
Line code used in early magnetic data storage and Ethernet
frequency is the data rate. Manchester code ensures frequent line voltage transitions, directly proportional to the clock rate; this helps clock recovery
Manchester_code
Area codes for northern and west central Georgia, United States
the Yatesville rate center is in area codes 706 and 762, but not adjacent to any other rate center in 706/762. The Yatesville rate center shares a small
Area_codes_706_and_762
Coding technique in communication technology
four main parameters: m, n, d, k. The first two, m/n, refer to the rate of the code, while the remaining two specify the minimal d and maximal k number
Run-length_limited
Type of two-dimensional barcode
A QR code, short for quick-response code, is a type of two-dimensional matrix barcode invented in 1994 by Masahiro Hara of the Japanese company Denso
QR_code
Packet-oriented mobile data service for 2G and 3G networks
into two coded bits. In Coding Schemes CS-2 and CS-3, the output of the convolutional code is punctured to achieve the desired code rate. In Coding Scheme
GPRS
Area codes in southern Ontario, Canada
Area codes 905, 289, 365, and 742 are telephone area codes in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) for the Golden Horseshoe region that surrounds
Area codes 905, 289, 365, and 742
Area_codes_905,_289,_365,_and_742
Key: Crime Rate is calculated as crime per one lakh (100,000) of population. That is, rate of cognizable crime (under Indian Penal Code and Special &
List of states and union territories of India by crime rate
List_of_states_and_union_territories_of_India_by_crime_rate
AI-dependent computer programming
to human-written code. The study revealed that AI co-authored code showed elevated rates of logic errors, including incorrect dependencies, flawed control
Vibe_coding
Symbol rate measurement in telecommunications
per second in a digitally modulated signal or a bd rate line code. Baud is related to gross bit rate, which can be expressed in bits per second (bit/s)
Baud
by intentional homicide rate. US territories can be found at List of countries by intentional homicide rate. The homicide rate is typically expressed in
List of U.S. states by intentional homicide rate
List_of_U.S._states_by_intentional_homicide_rate
3G mobile telecommunications protocols
QPSK support. The maximal code rate is not limited. A value close to 1 in this column indicates that the maximum data rate can be achieved only in ideal
High_Speed_Packet_Access
a rate adaptation algorithm that adapts the modulation and coding scheme (MCS) according to the quality of the radio channel, and thus the bit rate and
Link_adaptation
Telecommunications standard for the wireless transmission of data through radio signals
high data rates and can be deployed alongside a wireless carrier's voice services. It uses advanced multiplexing techniques including code-division multiple
Evolution-Data_Optimized
Premium rate telephone prefix in North America
Area code 900 is a telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan for premium-rate telephone numbers. Area code 900 was installed in 1971. Premium
Area_code_900
Concept in coding theory
encoded in a coded packet) without degrading the throughput performance, with code rate comparable to that of optimal coding schemes. Triangular code has also
Triangular_network_coding
Currency of Zimbabwe
The Zimbabwe Gold (ZiG; code: ZWG) is the official currency of Zimbabwe since 8 April 2024, backed by US$1.6 billion worth of hard assets: foreign currencies
Zimbabwe_Gold
Concept in coding theory
in a single segment and of the previous check bit in the sequence. The code rate is high: J/(J + 1) where J is the number of bits per segment. Its worst-case
Zigzag_code
Short telephone numbers for voice, text and MMS services from mobile phones
or television-program voting. Messages sent to a short code can be billed at a higher rate than a standard SMS and can sometimes subscribe users to
Short_code
Method of encoding digital data on multiple carrier frequencies
amplitude modulation or phase-shift keying) at a low symbol rate. This maintains total data rates similar to conventional single-carrier modulation schemes
Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing
Orthogonal_frequency-division_multiplexing
Type of error-correcting code
capabilities. This modification increases the code rate without significantly degrading performance. The code rate R {\displaystyle R} for a reduced MDPC is
Multidimensional parity-check code
Multidimensional_parity-check_code
Speech coding standard
Half Rate (HR or GSM-HR or GSM 06.20) is a speech coding system for GSM, developed in the early 1990s. Since the codec, operating at 5.6 kbit/s, requires
Half_Rate
lists standard and notable non-standard HTTP response status codes. Standardized codes are defined by IETF as documented in Request for Comments (RFC)
List_of_HTTP_status_codes
Class of forward error correction codes
the outer convolutional code to rate 3/4 and the inner convolutional code to rate 2/3. A recursive inner convolutional code is preferable for turbo decoding
Serial concatenated convolutional codes
Serial_concatenated_convolutional_codes
Integrated telephone numbering plan of twenty North American countries
525, and 526 have been designated. These codes are used for fixed or mobile devices, and not assigned to rate centers. As addresses, they may or may not
North_American_Numbering_Plan
maximum rate of a code with given length and minimum distance. The Gilbert–Varshamov bound for linear codes asserts the existence of q-ary linear codes for
Gilbert–Varshamov bound for linear codes
Gilbert–Varshamov_bound_for_linear_codes
U.S. film studio self-censorship rules (1930–1967)
The Motion Picture Production Code was a set of industry guidelines for the self-censorship of content that was applied to most motion pictures released
Hays_Code
Measure of consensus in ratings given by multiple observers
inter-observer reliability, inter-coder reliability, and so on) is the degree of agreement among independent observers who rate, code, or assess the same phenomenon
Inter-rater_reliability
Overlay area codes for Alberta, Canada
Area codes 587, 825, and 368 are telephone area codes in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) for the entire Canadian province of Alberta. They form
Area_codes_587,_825,_and_368
Telephone area codes for central and northeastern Massachusetts
by area code 617, along with the rest of the eastern two-thirds of the state. Some mobile telephone numbers from the 1990s assigned to rate centers in
Area_codes_978_and_351
Kind of error correction code
Daniel J. Bernstein. "List decoding for binary Goppa codes." http://cr.yp.to/codes/goppalist-20110303.pdf BCH codes Code rate Reed–Solomon error correction
Binary_Goppa_code
Codes intended to correct short, contiguous errors in a communications channel
and correction Error-correcting codes with feedback Code rate Reed–Solomon error correction Fong, W.H. (2011). "Coding Bounds for Multiple Phased-Burst
Burst_error-correcting_code
Problem in information theory and communication
Slepian–Wolf theorem includes theoretical bound for the lossless coding rate for distributed coding of the two sources as below: RX≥H(X|Y), RY≥H(Y|X), RX+RY≥H(X
Distributed_source_coding
calls; +13 and +1300 local rate numbers may be dialled directly after the required international access code and the country code. Within Australia, dialing
Telephone numbers in Australia
Telephone_numbers_in_Australia
Information-theoretical limit on transmission rate in a communication channel
maximum rate at which information can be reliably transmitted over a communication channel. Following the terms of the noisy-channel coding theorem,
Channel_capacity
Speech codec by Qualcomm
an expensive rate in a wireless system. A QCELP vocoder with variable rates can reduce the rate enough to fit a wireless system by coding the information
Qualcomm code-excited linear prediction
Qualcomm_code-excited_linear_prediction
Line code used in early magnetic data storage
Modified frequency modulation (MFM) is a run-length limited (RLL) line code used to encode data on most floppy disks and some hard disk drives. It was
Modified_frequency_modulation
Number of frames rendered in one second
Frame rate, commonly expressed in frames per second (frame/s or FPS), is the frequency (rate) at which consecutive images (frames) are captured or displayed
Frame_rate
Limit on data transfer rate
for large enough N {\displaystyle N} , there exists a code of length N {\displaystyle N} and rate ≥ R {\displaystyle \geq R} and a decoding algorithm,
Noisy-channel_coding_theorem
country, this is prefixed by trunk code 0 (zero), which is often included in listings of the area code. Area codes within the system are generally organized
Telephone numbers in South Africa
Telephone_numbers_in_South_Africa
Area codes in New Jersey, United States
code 551 was added to this numbering plan area in 2001 in formation of an overlay. Area code 201 is also assigned for wireless services in some rate centers
Area_codes_201_and_551
Activity where one or more people check a program's code
discussed in code reviews relate directly to bugs. Research indicates review effectiveness correlates with review speed. Optimal code review rates range from
Code_review
Phrases used over a public address system
the highest seismic activity rate in Canada) Code green stage 1: partial evacuation to a safe area within the building Code green stage 2: complete evacuation
Hospital_emergency_codes
and rates of regional and local taxation must conform to the framework established by the Code. Taxes or levies not listed explicitly by the Code or enacted
Taxation_in_Russia
Each NPA is identified by one or more numbering plan area codes (NPA codes, or area codes), consisting of three digits that are prefixed to each local
List of North American Numbering Plan area codes
List_of_North_American_Numbering_Plan_area_codes
Currency of Turkmenistan
abbreviation: m; code: TMT) is the currency of Turkmenistan. The original manat was introduced on 1 November 1993, replacing the ruble at a rate of 1 manat
Turkmen_manat
American film era (1920s–1930s)
the Motion Picture Production Code censorship guidelines (popularly known as the Hays Code) in 1934. Although the Hays Code was adopted in 1930, oversight
Pre-Code_Hollywood
Geographic area used to determine telephone services
expensive. A number in area code 416 is in the Toronto rate center, so local to everything between Oakville and Ajax; the suburban rate centers are less valuable
Rate_center
Error-correcting code
In coding theory, Justesen codes form a class of error-correcting codes that have a constant rate, constant relative distance, and a constant alphabet
Justesen_code
Pioneering five-bit character encodings
symbol rate measurement is known as baud, and is derived from the same name. In the below table, Columns I, II, III, IV, and V show the code; the Let
Baudot_code
Process of varying one or more properties of a periodic waveform
signal) with a fixed bit rate, which can be transferred over an underlying digital transmission system, for example, some line code. These are not modulation
Signal_modulation
Distributed source coding concept
theoretical bound for the lossless coding rate for distributed coding of the two sources. The bound for the lossless coding rates as shown below: RX≥H(X|Y), RY≥H(Y|X)
Slepian–Wolf_coding
Telecommunications coding technique
given data signaling rate, i.e., bit rate, the NRZ code requires only half the baseband bandwidth required by the Manchester code (the passband bandwidth
Non-return-to-zero
Babylonian legal text
law". The code also fixed commodity prices and introduced a maximum 20% interest rate, together with a minimum wage law providing higher rates of pay for
Code_of_Hammurabi
Minimum sampling rate to avoid aliasing
number of code elements per second that could be unambiguously resolved, assuming the peak interference is less than half a quantum step. This rate is generally
Nyquist_rate
Digital audio format
(the number of bits per audio sample) and sampling rate: CD audio is encoded with simple pulse-code modulation using 16-bit samples, 44100 of them per
MP3
Digital radio standard
level three', which provides an average ECC code rate of approximately 1/2, equating to a maximum bit rate per multiplex of 1,184 kbit/s. Various different
Digital_Audio_Broadcasting
by violent crime rate. It is typically expressed in units of incidents per 100,000 individuals per year; thus, a violent crime rate of 300 (per 100,000
List of U.S. states and territories by violent crime rate
List_of_U.S._states_and_territories_by_violent_crime_rate
Standards to label individual frames with a timecode
(9/572 MHz) and the frame rate 29.970029 Hz (30/1.001 Hz). The altered frame rate meant that an hour of timecode at a nominal frame rate of 29.97 frame/s was
SMPTE_timecode
AI-assisted software development platform by Google
that it might derive from Windsurf, itself a VS Code fork. In December 2025, Google raised the rate limits for Google AI Pro and Ultra subscribers and
Google_Antigravity
Shock website (1996–2012)
com at the Wayback Machine (archive index) Brown, Janelle (March 5, 2001). "The Internet's public enema No. 1". Salon.com. Original Source Code/Mirror
Rotten.com
Telephone area codes for southeastern Ohio
city of Columbus and rate centers in Franklin County which primarily use area code 614. Although it is Ohio's largest area code by geographic size, Southeastern
Area_codes_740_and_220
Telephone area codes for the Atlanta metropolitan area
Chow, Ray. "Local calling guide: Rate centre information". Localcallingguide.com. Retrieved January 20, 2017. "Area Code Maps". North American Numbering
Area_codes_678,_470,_and_943
Type of error-correcting codes
Along with Justesen codes, expander codes are of particular interest since they have a constant positive rate, positive relative distance, and alphabet
Expander_code
Frequency at which a CPU chip or core is operating
parallelism in the code. The clock rate of a CPU is most useful for providing comparisons between CPUs in the same family. The clock rate is only one of several
Clock_rate
Family of error-correcting codes that encode data in blocks
block code to each other, such as its rate and its ability to detect and correct errors. Examples of block codes are Reed–Solomon codes, Hamming codes, Hadamard
Block_code
Telephone area code in British Columbia, Canada
Area code 250 is a telephone area code in the North American Numbering Plan (NANP) for the Canadian province of British Columbia outside the Lower Mainland
Area_code_250
Decodes a bitstream with the Viterbi algorithm
1 {\displaystyle K-1} ) of a convolutional code is accurate only for rate 1/2 codes. For an arbitrary rate, an accurate rule of thumb is 2.5 ( K − 1 )
Viterbi_decoder
and for all mobile calls. This is followed by an area code, referred to as a National Dialling Code (NDC), the first digit of which indicates the geographical
Telephone numbers in the Republic of Ireland
Telephone_numbers_in_the_Republic_of_Ireland
Telephone area code for southwestern Ontario, Canada
central office code is allocated to a carrier and rate centre, it cannot be relocated. Area code 487 is reserved as the fifth area code for the region
Area codes 519, 226, 548, and 382
Area_codes_519,_226,_548,_and_382
Type of error-correcting codes
Folded Reed–Solomon codes are also a special case of Parvaresh–Vardy codes. Using optimal parameters one can decode with a rate of R, and achieve a decoding
Folded_Reed–Solomon_code
Several sets of codes and abbreviations are used to represent the political divisions of the United States for postal addresses, data processing, general
List of U.S. state and territory abbreviations
List_of_U.S._state_and_territory_abbreviations
dialling codes, and local codes no longer exist. In 1968, area codes beginning 00 were changed. Codes beginning 00 were also used for premium rate numbers
History of telephone numbers in the United Kingdom
History_of_telephone_numbers_in_the_United_Kingdom
travel, tourism, insurance
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travel, tourism, insurance