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Data structure in computer science
computer science, a circular buffer, circular queue, cyclic buffer or ring buffer is a data structure that uses a single, fixed-size buffer as if it were connected
Circular_buffer
Computer hardware
extension forces instructions to be committed in-order. The buffer is a circular buffer (to provide a FIFO instruction ordering queue) implemented as
Re-order_buffer
Memory used temporarily in data transfers
computer. Buffer overflow Buffer underrun Circular buffer Disk buffer Frame buffer for use in graphical display Depth buffer, Stencil buffer, for different
Data_buffer
Structure of file system that writes all information to a circular buffer
file system in which data and metadata are written sequentially to a circular buffer, called a log. The design was first proposed by John K. Ousterhout
Log-structured_file_system
Part of the coupling system used in some railway systems
A buffer is a part of the buffers and chain coupler system used on the railway systems of many countries, among them most of those in Europe, for attaching
Buffer_(rail_transport)
Data structure used in text editors
gap buffer where the gap is always at the end Zipper (data structure), conceptually a generalization of the gap buffer. Linked list Circular buffer Rope
Gap_buffer
Family of computing problems
monitor is an object that contains variables buffer, head, tail and count to realize a circular buffer, the condition variables nonempty and nonfull
Producer–consumer_problem
Computer memory unit using cascaded flip-flops
Serial Peripheral Interface Bus Shift register lookup table (SRL) Circular buffer US4530107A, Williams, Marshall, "Shift register delay circuit", issued
Shift_register
Scheduling algorithm, the first piece of data inserted into a queue is processed first
have incompatible data rates. Software FIFOs typically are based on a circular buffer or list structure. Most software implementations are not thread safe
FIFO (computing and electronics)
FIFO_(computing_and_electronics)
Abstract data type
object-oriented languages as classes. A queue may be implemented as circular buffers and linked lists, or by using both the stack pointer and the base pointer
Queue_(abstract_data_type)
resident memory. The Branch Trace Store can be also configured to be a circular buffer, so that last executed branches are recorded. Branch tracing on Intel
Branch_trace
Data organization and storage formats
array Bit array Bit field Bitboard Bitmap Circular buffer Control table Image Dope vector Dynamic array Gap buffer Hashed array tree Lookup table Matrix Parallel
List_of_data_structures
Combinational digital circuit
used to shift unsigned integers. Rotate: the operand is treated as a circular buffer of bits in which its least and most significant bits are effectively
Arithmetic_logic_unit
Synchronous serial communication interface
register for serial communication, which together forms an inter-chip circular buffer. To support multidrop bus, slave devices should use tri-state outputs
Serial_Peripheral_Interface
Family of lossless data compression algorithms
Both the LZ77 and LZ78 algorithms work on this principle. In LZ77, a circular buffer called the "sliding window" holds the last N bytes of data processed
Dictionary_coder
overflow conditions. Buffer (telecommunication) Circular buffer This article incorporates public domain material from "variable length buffer". Federal Standard
Variable-length_buffer
Overview of and topical guide to algorithms
(abstract data type) Queue (abstract data type) Deque Priority queue Circular buffer Tree (data structure) Binary tree Binary search tree AVL tree Red–black
Outline_of_algorithms
Data logging and graphing system for time series data
network bandwidth, temperatures, and CPU load. The data is stored in a circular buffer-based database, thus the system storage footprint remains constant
RRDtool
Computation modulo a fixed integer
non-linear modular arithmetic equations is NP-complete. Boolean ring Circular buffer Division (mathematics) Finite field Legendre symbol Modular exponentiation
Modular_arithmetic
Abstract data type
out unauthorized operations. This type of attack is a variation on the buffer overflow attack and is an extremely frequent source of security breaches
Stack_(abstract_data_type)
Linux kernel interface for storage devices
operations on data accessed by file descriptors. It works by creating two circular buffers, called "queue rings", to track the submission and completion of I/O
Io_uring
Type of statistical measure over subsets of a dataset
time data with a FIFO / circular buffer and only 3 arithmetic steps. During the initial filling of the FIFO / circular buffer the sampling window is equal
Moving_average
Dichroism with circularly polarized light
Circular dichroism (CD) is dichroism involving circularly polarized light, i.e., the differential absorption of left- and right-handed light. Left-hand
Circular_dichroism
Quickly accessible working storage available as part of a digital processor
Registers related to reading and writing random-access memory (RAM): Memory buffer register (MBR), also known as memory data register (MDR) Memory address
Processor_register
usually provided to allow for status latency. A FIFO is implemented as a circular buffer that employs two memory address registers (MARs) to store the addresses
FIFO_(electronic)
Journaling file system for IRIX and Linux
journal before the actual disk blocks are updated. The journal is a circular buffer of disk blocks that is not read in normal file system operation. The
XFS
Vehicle safety device
occupancy sensors. Oftentimes, ACUs log this—and other—sensor data in a circular buffer and record it to onboard non-volatile memory, to provide a snapshot
Airbag
Hybrid RISC digital signal processor
the compiler or programmer. Two nested zero-overhead loops and four circular buffer DAGs (data address generators) are designed to assist in writing efficient
Blackfin
Technology for recording broadcast quality video to hard disk
than real time transfer of footage and the RetroLoop, which used a circular buffer to constantly record footage, and allowed saving a "take" after the
CamCutter
Obsolete Microsoft Windows audio APIs
with the RTAudio codec) protocol is introduced, based on a single circular buffer. RT Audio protocol is implemented by WaveRT port driver in portcls
Windows legacy audio components
Windows_legacy_audio_components
Field of electrical engineering
and addition. Other typical operations supported by the hardware are circular buffers and lookup tables. Examples of algorithms are the fast Fourier transform
Signal_processing
Russian freight gas-turbine locomotive
windshield, horizontal circular buffer LED lights are arranged in pairs, integrated into a single plastic housing and similar to the buffer lights of early-production
GT1_locomotive
Stack-based programming language
custom defining behavior and instance behavior. Some examples include circular buffers, named bits on an I/O port, and automatically indexed arrays. Data
Forth_(programming_language)
Specialized microprocessor optimized for digital signal processing
processes, which increases latency. Hardware modulo addressing Allows circular buffers to be implemented without having to test for wrapping Bit-reversed
Digital_signal_processor
Free Unix-like operating system kernel
messages in a circular buffer (overwriting older entries with newer). The syslog(2) system call provides for reading and clearing the message buffer and for
Linux_kernel
Linux file system
log-structured file system, in that the storage medium is treated like a circular buffer and new blocks are always written to the end.[…]Log-structured file
NILFS
Computer science concept
can exist. For instance, a similar problem can occur with persistent circular buffers. NOVA (filesystem) or "non-volatile memory accelerated", an open-source
Persistent_memory
Data structure with nodes pointing to the next node
A circularly linked list may be a natural option to represent arrays that are naturally circular, e.g. the corners of a polygon, a pool of buffers that
Linked_list
Video codec by Apple Inc
an entry in the palette cache. The palette cache is a set of three circular buffers which store the 256 most recently used palettes, one each for of the
QuickTime_Graphics
Mechanism for connecting rolling stock in a train
a necessity. The earliest 'dumb buffers' were fixed extensions of the wooden wagon frames, but later spring buffers were introduced. The first of these
Railway_coupling
that require significantly less hardware logic. Similarly, addressing circular buffers or memories whose size is a power of two can be simplified into selecting
Hardware/software_co-design
Method for separation and analysis of biomolecules using agarose gel
agarose gels used are between 0.7–2% dissolved in a suitable electrophoresis buffer. Agarose gel is a three-dimensional matrix formed of helical agarose molecules
Agarose_gel_electrophoresis
Floor cleaning device
buffer that rotates its pad at over 1000 RPM. Closely resembling a large upright, wide-based vacuum cleaner with handlebar controls, a floor buffer uses
Floor_scrubber
Megalithic tombs in Japan
in many shapes and dimensions in varying patterns. Some are of simple circular or square shape (empun and hōfun). The larger ones are keyhole-shaped (zempō
Mozu_Kofun_Group
Stream cipher
and many digital signal processors), these can be implemented as circular buffers. In software, these are most easily implemented as large arrays. When
Py_(cipher)
Type of genomic structure
Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) is a type of double-stranded circular DNA structure that was first discovered in 1964 by Alix Bassel and Yasuo
Extrachromosomal_circular_DNA
Tool for digital signal processing
of a weighted overlap add (WOLA) filter bank. Wrap-around of a circular input buffer is used to offset phase discontinuities, caused by lack of a true
Filter_bank
Vibrating device for orienting small parts
and pneumatic drives, vibrates the bowl, forcing the parts to move up a circular, inclined track. A vibrating drive unit, upon which the bowl is mounted
Bowl_feeder
Flying tree trimmer
other infrastructure. A design used in the Appalachian region has ten circular saws on a twenty-foot shaft which is carried by an MD 500 helicopter, typically
Aerial_saw
Disk-scheduling algorithm
same direction. From an implementation perspective, the drive maintains a buffer of pending read/write requests, along with the associated cylinder number
Elevator_algorithm
Real-time operating system
communications items implemented by events and queues available as circular buffers, memory management by memory pool that allocates memory only in fixed-size
DioneOS
Reservoir in Cornwall, England
the lake holds over 3 billion litres of water. The reservoir is used to buffer the water levels in the River Fowey in the summer. The water is collected
Siblyback_Lake
Benefits provided by intact ecosystems
nearby, or even on the farm itself. Coastal and estuarine ecosystems act as buffer zones against natural hazards and environmental disturbances, such as floods
Ecosystem_service
Syrian plateau occupied by Israel
entered and took control of the United Nations‑monitored demilitarized buffer zone on the Syrian-controlled side of the Golan Heights. The earliest evidence
Golan_Heights
Equipment used for the homogenization of various types of material
homogenized in a small volume of appropriate buffer between corner areas of two frosted glass slides by circular movement; then homogenate is collected by
Homogenizer
Data flow control switching method
control allocates buffers and channel bandwidth on a packet level, while wormhole flow control does this on the flit level. In case of circular dependency,
Wormhole_switching
Analytical technique
gels may melt during electrophoresis. Electrophoresis is performed in buffer solutions to reduce pH changes due to the electric field, which is important
Gel_electrophoresis
Cycle through all length-k sequences
is alphabet = k k = len(k) buffer = [0] * n sequence = [] # Recursive method to iterate through Lyndon words in the buffer. def generate(word_len, period):
De_Bruijn_sequence
Theater in Epidaurus, Greece
better viewing. The circular orchestra, with a diameter of 20 m, constitutes the centre of the theatre. In the centre is a circular stone plate, the base
Ancient_Theatre_of_Epidaurus
Computer graphics effect
floating-point frame buffers, in order to produce HDR images. To produce the bloom effect, the linear HDRR image in the frame buffer is convolved with a
Bloom_(shader_effect)
meaning buffers exist between stations where parts wait to be processed. Not all transfer lines must geometrically be straight lines, for example circular solutions
Transfer_line
Social media platform owned by Meta
Retrieved September 9, 2025. "Instagram Reels Length: How Long Can Reels Be?". Buffer: All-you-need social media toolkit for small businesses. Archived from the
DNA located in mitochondria
first type is a circular genome that has introns (type 2) and may range from 19 to 1000 kbp in length. The second genome type is a circular genome (about
Mitochondrial_DNA
Wetlands in India as per Ramsar list
water shortages in the surrounding area, the site now also serves as a buffer against floodwaters and as a biodiversity hotspot. With 536 species recorded
List_of_Ramsar_sites_in_India
Energy storage technology company
mixed backup solution combining hydrogen fuel cell and battery powered buffer for frequently off-grided areas, with a prototype installation in Calistoga
Energy_Vault
Computer memory management methodology
operations cannot overflow or underflow the referenced block (commonly known as buffer overflow). Descriptors themselves are protected control words that cannot
Memory_management
2025 Android smartphones developed by Google
Pro models also gain "Pixelsnap", a Google-branded feature that adds a circular magnet array to the back of the phone to align cases, wallets, phone mounts
Pixel_10_Pro
UN environmental response agency
development of solar loan programmes, with attractive return rates, to buffer the initial deployment costs and entice consumers to consider and purchase
United Nations Environment Programme
United_Nations_Environment_Programme
1954 U.S. thermonuclear weapon test in the Marshall Islands
to unacceptably large radiation losses—the stand-off gap also acted as a buffer to mitigate the unavoidable and undesirable Taylor mixing. Boron was used
Castle_Bravo
Mass extinction event about 66 million years ago
S2CID 129654916. Sheehan, Peter M.; Hansen, Thor A. (1986). "Detritus feeding as a buffer to extinction at the end of the Cretaceous" (PDF). Geology. 14 (10): 868–870
Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event
Cretaceous–Paleogene_extinction_event
Regional rail system in Kolkata, India
19 July 2017, a train from Sonarpur Jn to Sealdah (South) Station broke the buffer and hit the wall of platform number 13 in Sealdah (South) Station. This
Kolkata_Suburban_Railway
Algorithm employed by process and network schedulers in computing
as time quanta) are assigned to each process in equal portions and in circular order, handling all processes without priority (also known as cyclic executive)
Round-robin_scheduling
Chinese automobile manufacturer
stations are equipped with integrated energy storage systems, which act as buffers to supply power during peak demand or in locations with limited grid capacity
BYD_Auto
Lithography using 13.5 nm UV light
plasma, in the source free of tin deposition. Specifically, the hydrogen buffer gas in the EUV source chamber or vessel decelerates or possibly pushes back
EUV_lithography
Directionality of traffic flow by jurisdiction
Archived from the original on 25 December 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2016.[circular reference] Barta, Patrick. "Shifting the Right of Way to the Left Leaves
Left-_and_right-hand_traffic
Archaeological site in Iraq
Palmyra, Baalbek and Petra, in the southwest. The Kingdom of Hatra, became a buffer kingdom between the western limits of the Parthian Empire and the eastern
Hatra
Method in signal processing
{\text{DFT}}_{N}\displaystyle (h[n+M-1-N]),} meaning that the N-length buffer is circularly-shifted (rotated) by M-1 samples. Thus the h(M) element is at n=1
Overlap–save_method
Flexible passageway between train cars
E351 series British Rail Class 150 UAC TurboTrain power car Anticlimber Buffers and chain coupler Janney coupler Railway coupling SA3 coupler Tightlock
Gangway_connection
Glands in lining of the human stomach
PMC 2143990. PMID 9568890. "Clinical correlates of pH levels: bicarbonate as a buffer". Biology.arizona.edu. October 2006. "Basic organization of the gastrointestinal
Gastric_glands
National park in Spain
them of glacial origin, the park comprises a core area of 141 km2 and a buffer zone of 267 km2 surrounding the park. The park's name in Catalan is Aigüestortes
Aigüestortes i Estany de Sant Maurici National Park
Aigüestortes_i_Estany_de_Sant_Maurici_National_Park
Topics referred to by the same term
in industry Smoking pipe Tobacco pipe Half-pipe and quarter pipe, semi-circular ramps for performing skateboarding/snowboarding tricks Piping (sewing)
Pipe
Voice box, an organ in the neck of amphibians, reptiles, and mammals
larynx extends from its triangle-shaped inlet to the epiglottis, and to the circular outlet at the lower border of the cricoid cartilage, where it is continuous
Larynx
United States historic place
National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) as the Casino-Congress Park-Circular Street Historic District in 1972, and was then declared a National Historic
Canfield Casino and Congress Park
Canfield_Casino_and_Congress_Park
the Type "AN" (Army-Navy) series set the standard for modern military circular connectors. These connectors, and their evolutionary derivatives, are often
U.S. Military connector specifications
U.S._Military_connector_specifications
UNESCO World Heritage Site in Patan, India
stepwell is divided into seven levels of stairs, which lead down to a deep, circular well. A stepped corridor is compartmentalized at regular intervals with
Rani_ki_Vav
Home media streaming device from Apple
the size of its predecessor. The device has 8 GB of flash storage for buffering, replacing the internal hard drive in the first generation model. It supports
Apple_TV_(device)
Data structure that maps virtual addresses with physical addresses
operating system's page table. This is called the translation lookaside buffer (TLB), which is an associative cache. When a virtual address needs to be
Page_table
Road junction in London
a short siding and after demolishing the buffer stop they ran down the embankment on to the North Circular Road, although nobody was hurt. The second
Staples_Corner
Marine invertebrates of the subphylum Anthozoa
city. Healthy coral reefs absorb 97 percent of a wave's energy, which buffers shorelines from currents, waves, and storms, helping to prevent loss of
Coral
Failed suspension bridge in Washington, US
reducing the oscillations. Finally, the structure was equipped with hydraulic buffers installed between the towers and the floor system of the deck to damp longitudinal
Tacoma_Narrows_Bridge_(1940)
American assault rifle
4 mm) was drilled through the stock and buffer tube for drainage, and an O-ring was added to the end of the buffer assembly. The weapon could reportedly
M16_rifle
Swiss battle rifle
and winter trigger Simplified bolt carrier with add-on, unified rubber buffer and charging handle lug The SG 510-4 is officially classed as an automatic
SIG_SG_510
Timekeeping device that is driven by a spring that winds by motion of the wearer
winding mechanism. The motion of the watch is thereby translated into circular motion of the weight which, through a series of reverser and reducing gears
Automatic_watch
Part of an optical fiber that carries light
characteristics. The core's diameter should be uniform with a perfectly circular cross-section, but due to manufacturing tolerance and defects the diameter
Core_(optical_fiber)
Railway system in South Korea
people. On 23 March 2025, a Line 2 train derailed after colliding with a buffer while departing from a depot at Sindorim Station. No injuries were reported
Seoul_Metropolitan_Subway
1812–1815 conflict in North America
negotiations warily. The British strategy for decades had been to create a buffer state in the American Northwest Territory to block American expansion. Britain
War_of_1812
Train protection system in the UK and Victoria, Australia
fast; approached a reduction in permissible speed too fast; approached buffer stops too fast. TPWS is not designed to prevent signals passed at danger
Train Protection & Warning System
Train_Protection_&_Warning_System
DNA synthesis technique
reaction: A DNA polymerase A suitable buffer that is compatible with the polymerase. A short DNA or RNA primer A circular DNA template Deoxynucleotide triphosphates
Rolling_circle_replication
Silver cauldron from Denmark dating to 200 BC to 300 AD
E Boar-helmeted figure Detail The carnyx players Bronze 4th-century BC buffer-type Celtic torc from France Carnyx head from the Tintignac group Torrs
Gundestrup_cauldron
Non-comparative lexicographical sorting algorithm
but requires the use of a memory buffer of the same size as the input array. This extra memory allows the input buffer to be scanned from the first array
Radix_sort
travel, tourism, insurance
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travel, tourism, insurance